Whaites’ Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiology
Höfundur:
Nicholas Drage (Útgáfa: 7)
Kaup valmöguleikar
Offering a clear, well-illustrated overview of all major imaging topics in dentistry, Whaites’ Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiology, 7th Edition, provides key information for dental undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and general dental practitioners. Now fully up to date, this popular text uses an easy-to-understand approach that simplifies complex concepts and makes learning easier and more enjoyable.
More than 1,100 illustrations—many new to this edition—present clinical, diagnostic, and practical information in an accessible manner, and clearly demonstrate why dental imaging is essential for diagnosis and management of diseases affecting the teeth and jaws. Uses a full-colour design to aid navigation and visual understanding, with extensive examples of conventional radiographs, cone beam computed tomography images, and images from other advanced imaging techniquesOffers self-assessment questions and answers with feedback at the end of each chapter, allowing you to easily track your progress and understandingWritten by two respected experts in the field of dental and maxillofacial imaging who provide a comprehensive account of the radiography and radiology and topics examined at dental undergraduate and postgraduate levelAn ideal resource for those undertaking undergraduate or specialist examinations in the subject or for general dental practitioners wishing to stay up to date.
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- Elsevier Limited (UK)
- 9780443285479
- 9780443285257
- ePub
- 7
- Nicholas Drage
- English
- 2025-11-09
- 10
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Cover image
- Dedication
- Title page
- Copyright
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- PART I Introduction
- 1 The Radiographic Image
- Introduction
- Nature of the Traditional Two-Dimensional Radiographic Image
- Quality of the Traditional Two-Dimensional Radiographic Image
- Perception of the Radiographic Image
- Types of Traditional Dental Radiographs
- PART II Radiation Physics, Equipment and Radiation Protection
- 2 The Production, Properties and Interactions of X-Rays
- Introduction
- Atomic Structure
- X-Ray Production
- Interaction of X-Rays With Matter
- 3 Dental X-ray–Generating Equipment
- INTRODUCTION
- IDEAL REQUIREMENTS
- MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE TUBEHEAD
- OTHER X-RAY–GENERATING APPARATUS
- Self-Assessment Questions
- 4 Image Receptors
- INTRODUCTION
- DIGITAL RECEPTORS
- RADIOGRAPHIC FILM
- CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIOGRAPHIC FILM
- Background Fog Density
- INTENSIFYING SCREENS
- CASSETTES
- IMPORTANT PRACTICAL POINTS TO NOTE
- 5 Image Processing
- DIGITAL PROCESSING
- CHEMICAL PROCESSING
- 6 Radiation Dose, Dosimetry and Dose Limitation
- Dose Units
- Dose Limits
- Dose Rate
- Dose Limitation
- 7 The Biological Effects Associated With X-rays, Risk and Practical Radiation Protection
- Radiation-Induced Tissue Damage
- Classification of the Biological Effects
- Practical Radiation Protection
- Footnote
- PART III Radiography
- 8 Dental Radiography – General Patient Considerations Including Control of Infection
- General Guidelines on Patient Care
- Considerations for Children and Patients With Additional Needs
- Control of Infection
- Micro-Organisms That May Be Encountered
- Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions
- Infection Control Measures
- Footnote
- 9 Periapical Radiography
- Main Indications
- Ideal Positioning Requirements
- Radiographic Techniques
- Anatomy
- Bisected Angle Technique
- Comparison of the Paralleling and Bisected Angle Techniques
- Conclusion
- Positioning Difficulties Often Encountered in Periapical Radiography
- Assessment of Image Quality
- 10 Bitewing Radiography
- Main Indications
- Ideal Technique Requirements
- Positioning Techniques
- Resultant Radiographs
- Assessment of Image Quality
- 11 Occlusal Radiography
- Introduction
- Terminology And Classification
- Upper Standard (or Anterior) Occlusal Radiograph
- Upper Oblique Occlusal Radiograph
- Lower 90° Occlusal Radiograph
- Lower 45° (or Anterior) Occlusal Radiograph
- Lower Oblique Occlusal Radiograph
- Anatomy
- 12 Oblique Lateral Radiography
- Introduction
- Terminology
- Main Indications
- Basic Technique Principles
- Positioning Examples For Various Oblique Lateral Radiographs
- Bimolar Technique
- 13 Skull and Maxillofacial Radiography
- EQUIPMENT, PATIENT POSITIONING AND PROJECTIONS
- Self-Assessment Questions
- 14 Cephalometric Radiography
- Introduction
- Main Indications
- Equipment
- Main Radiographic Projections
- Cephalometric Posteroanterior Radiograph of the Jaws (PA Jaws)
- 15 Tomography and Panoramic Radiography
- Introduction
- Tomographic Theory
- Panoramic Radiography (Dental Panoramic Tomography)
- Selection Criteria
- Equipment
- Technique and Positioning
- Normal Anatomy
- Advantages and Disadvantages
- Assessment of Image Quality
- Assessment of Not Acceptable Images and Determination of Errors
- Footnote
- 16 Cone Beam Computed Tomography
- Equipment and Theory
- Technique and Positioning
- Main Indications
- Normal Anatomy
- Advantages and Disadvantages
- Assessment of Image Quality
- Quality Assurance
- Footnote
- 17 The Quality of Radiographic Images and Quality Assurance
- Introduction
- Quality Assurance (QA)
- Digital Image Quality
- Quality Control Procedures for Digital Receptors, Computer Processing and Monitors
- Film-Based Image Quality
- Quality Control Procedures for Film, Chemical Processing and Light Boxes
- Patient Preparation and Positioning Technique Errors in Both Digital and Film-Based Imaging
- Patient Dose and X-Ray-Generating Equipment
- Working Procedures
- Staff Training and Updating
- Audits
- Footnote
- 18 Alternative and Specialised Imaging Modalities
- Introduction
- Contrast Studies
- Radioisotope Imaging
- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Ultrasound Imaging
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Self-Assessment Questions
- PART IV Radiology
- 19 Introduction to Radiological Interpretation
- Essential Requirements for Interpretation
- Conclusion
- 20 Dental Caries and the Assessment of Restorations
- Introduction
- Classification of Caries
- Diagnosis and Detection of Caries
- Other Important Radiographic Appearances
- Limitations of Radiographic Detection of Caries
- Radiographic Assessment of Restorations
- Limitations of the Radiographic Image
- Suggested Guidelines for Interpreting Bitewing Images
- Cone Beam Computed Tomography
- 21 The Periapical Tissues
- Introduction
- Normal Radiographic Appearances
- The Effects of Normal Superimposed Shadows
- Radiographic Appearances of Periapical Inflammatory Changes
- Treatment and Imaging in Endodontics
- Other Important Causes of Periapical Radiolucency
- Suggested Guidelines for Interpreting Periapical Images
- 22 The Periodontal Tissues and Periodontal Diseases
- Introduction
- Selection Criteria
- Radiographic Features of Healthy Periodontium
- Classification of Periodontal Diseases
- Radiographic Features of Periodontal Disease and the Assessment of Bone Loss and Furcation involvement
- Evaluation of Treatment Measures
- Limitations of Radiographic Diagnosis
- 23 Implant Assessment
- Introduction
- Main Indications
- Main Contraindications
- Treatment Planning Considerations
- Radiographic Examination
- Bone Grafting
- Peri-operative Imaging
- Post-operative Evaluation and Follow-Up
- Footnote
- 24 Developmental Abnormalities
- Introduction
- Classification of Developmental Abnormalities
- Typical Radiographic Appearances of the More Common and Important Developmental Abnormalities
- Radiographic Assessment of Mandibular Third Molars
- Radiographic Assessment of Unerupted Maxillary Canines
- Self-Assessment Questions
- 25 Radiological Differential Diagnosis – Describing a Lesion
- Introduction
- Detailed Description of a Lesion
- Footnote
- Self-Assessment Questions
- 26 Differential Diagnosis of Radiolucent Lesions of the Jaws
- Introduction
- Step-By-Step Guide
- Typical Radiographic Features of Radiolucent Cysts and Tumours
- Typical Radiographic Features of Tumours
- Typical Radiographic Features of Allied Lesions
- Footnote
- Self-Assessment Questions
- 27 Differential Diagnosis of Lesions of Variable Radiopacity in the Jaws
- STEP I
- STEP II
- STEP III
- STEP IV
- STEP V
- Typical Radiographic Features of Abnormalities of the Teeth
- Typical Radiographic Features of Conditions of Variable Opacity Affecting Bone
- Summary
- Typical Radiographic Features of Soft Tissue Calcifications
- Typical Radiographic Features of Foreign Bodies
- Self-Assessment Questions
- 28 Bone Diseases of Radiological Importance
- Introduction
- Genetic Conditions
- Infective or Inflammatory Conditions
- Endocrine Diseases
- Blood Dyscrasias
- Uncertain Causes
- Self-Assessment Questions
- 29 Trauma to the Teeth and Facial Skeleton
- Introduction
- Injuries to the Teeth and Their Supporting Structures
- Skeletal Fractures
- Fractures of the Mandible
- Fractures of the Middle Third of the Facial Skeleton
- Other Fractures and Injuries
- Self-Assessment Questions
- 30 The Temporomandibular Joint
- Introduction
- Normal Anatomy
- Investigations
- Main Pathological Conditions Affecting the TMJ
- Footnote
- Self-Assessment Questions
- 31 The Maxillary Antra
- Introduction
- Normal Anatomy
- Normal Appearance of the Antra on Conventional Radiographs
- Antral Disease
- Investigation and Appearance of Disease Within the Antra
- Infection and Inflammation
- Other Paranasal Air Sinuses
- Self-Assessment Questions
- 32 The Salivary Glands
- Salivary Gland Disorders
- Investigations
- Bibliography and Suggested Reading
- Index
- Answers