Volcanoes
Höfundur:
Tamie J. Jovanelly (Útgáfa: 0)
Kaup valmöguleikar
With 1350 active volcanoes on Earth and 50-70 erupting annually, this volume delves beneath the surface, explaining what makes these natural forces tick. Volcanoes: What Everyone Needs to Know® guides the reader through one of nature's most fascinating and powerful forces, explaining essential geological concepts critical to understanding how and where volcanoes form before examining their physical structure and associated processes.
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- Oxford University Press Academic US
- 9780197817483
- 9780197817469
- ePub
- 0
- Tamie J. Jovanelly
- English
- 2026-06-02
- 100
Kaflar
- Cover
- Half-Title Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- About the Author
- Acknowledgments
- Background Geology and Understanding Plate Tectonics
- 1 Where Does Lava Come From, and Where are Volcanoes Found on Earth?
- What are the parts of the Earth?
- What are the physical properties of the mantle?
- Why doesn’t the crust (lithosphere) sink into the mantle (asthenosphere)?
- How is a volcano defined?
- Can a volcano form anywhere?
- Why are some islands called volcanoes?
- Do volcanoes form underwater?
- How many active volcanoes are there on the planet today?
- Interpreting the Landscape: Volcano Geomorphology Part I
- 2 What Types of Minerals and Rocks Form From the Solidification of Magma?
- What role does the solidification of magma have in the rock cycle?
- How do minerals and rocks form from magma?
- What is the difference between magma solidifying at the surface of the Earth or underground?
- How can volcanic igneous rocks be identified?
- What are the common rocks and minerals associated with volcanic environments?
- Interpreting the Landscape: Volcano Geomorphology Part II
- 3 What Types of Volcanoes Form From the Solidification of Magma?
- How hot is lava on the surface, and how quickly does it cool?
- Why do some volcanoes produce violent eruptions while others do not?
- How are volcanoes classified by their shape (morphology)?
- Is a caldera a volcano?
- What is a lava dome?
- Why do some volcanoes have a crater lake? Furthermore, why are some lakes pristine while others are acidic? Why do some craters hold lava?
- Do rootless cones (pseudo craters) form instantaneously?
- What is a maar?
- Can fissure eruptions happen anywhere?
- How long does an eruption need to last to create a basalt flat/plateau?
- Interpreting the Landscape: Volcano Geomorphology Part III
- 4 What Volcanic Features Result From the Solidification (Or Influence) of Magma?
- How do hot springs, geysers, mud pots, and fumaroles form?
- What are the geologic features associated with mafic volcanism?
- What are the geologic features associated with felsic volcanism?
- What features are formed when you have a volcanic event under water or ice?
- Volcanic Hazards
- 5 What are Volcanic Hazards That Result From Volcanic Activity?
- How are volcanic hazards and risks defined?
- What is considered a volcanic hazard?
- How has the collapse of lava domes resulted in the deadliest volcanic hazard for the 20th century?
- Why are lahars so dangerous?
- Is the collapse of lava domes considered to be a hazard?
- Are the gases emitted during a volcanic eruption life-threatening?
- Are jökulhlaups predictable?
- How is it possible to generate a tsunami wave by volcanic activity?
- Are lava flows considered to be a hazard?
- How are aircraft affected by volcanic eruptions?
- Erosion
- 6 How do Volcanic Landscapes Change With Time?
- Are volcanoes permanent landscape features?
- How quickly does volcanic rock weather and erode? And what are the byproducts?
- How quickly can a volcanic island erode?
- What does the inside of a volcano look like?
- What happens when a resistant lava flow infills a soft-rock sedimentary basin?
- How are dikes exposed at the surface?
- Can a hoodoo form in volcanic rock?
- How does tafoni form?
- Are jökulhlaups erosive or depositional?
- Energy
- 7 Can Energy Be Harnessed From a Volcano?
- What is geothermal energy?
- Can volcanically active areas be harnessed for geothermal energy?
- How does geothermal energy work?
- What are the benefits of using geothermal energy?
- What are the unique applications of harnessing geothermal energy?
- What are technological innovations relating to geothermal energy?
- Are there any environmental impacts to using geothermal energy?
- How does geothermal energy create the Blue Lagoon in Iceland?
- Is geothermal water therapeutic?
- Climate Change
- 8 Do Volcanic Eruptions Impact the Environment and Climate?
- How are volcanic events compared?
- Can volcanic eruptions change the climate?
- Are flood basalts linked to mass extinction?
- How far can volcanic ash travel?
- How loud is a volcanic eruption?
- Why are lightning storms sometimes associated with volcanic eruptions?
- How quickly can life rebound after a volcanic eruption?
- How do animals respond to volcanic eruptions?
- Does climate change increase volcanism?
- Prediction
- 9 Can Volcanic Eruptions Be Predicted or Prevented?
- How many active volcanoes are there in the world today?
- How often do volcanoes erupt?
- How long do volcanic eruptions last?
- Can volcanoes go dormant or extinct?
- What are the instruments used to monitor volcanoes?
- Can volcanic events be predicted, prevented, or mitigated?
- Can humans manipulate lava flows to protect infrastructure?
- Is it possible to safely live in an environment with active volcanoes?
- Are the number of volcanic eruptions increasing on the planet?
- Supervolcano
- 10 Cataclysmic Events and Supervolcanoes
- How is a supervolcano defined, and how do they form?
- What does a supervolcano look like?
- How are past supervolcanoes investigated?
- How many supervolcanoes are there in the world today, and are they monitored?
- How many super eruptions have occurred, and what is their recurrence interval? How often do super eruptions occur?
- What is the largest known supervolcano eruption?
- Among the most discussed supervolcano eruptions are those created by the Yellowstone Hot Spot. What is interesting about its geologic history, and how many super eruptions have taken place?
- Is the Yellowstone Hot Spot still volcanically active, and will it produce another supervolcano eruption?
- What are the effects on the landscape when a supervolcano erupts?
- Ancient Eruptions
- 11 How do Geologists Investigate Modern and Ancient Eruptions?
- What are the foundational principles that are applied to dating techniques in geology?
- What is the science of tephrochronology, and how is it used in volcanology?
- How does volcanic ash become preserved?
- How are volcanic deposits absolutely dated?
- What is the role of ice cores in preserving ancient eruptions?
- Effects of Volcanic Activity on Human Life
- 12 How has Volcanic Activity Influenced Human Life?
- Has the human species been affected by supervolcano eruptions?
- What are some examples where archeological discoveries have led to a better understanding of ancient volcanism?
- Could volcanic activity institute war?
- What are some examples of cultures incorporating religious and indigenous beliefs into their practices honoring volcanoes?
- How have volcanoes been portrayed in Greek and Roman mythology?
- Did the eruption of Ilopango initiate the decline of the Mayan civilization?
- What is the oldest known description of volcanic activity?
- What are the effects of volcanic events on water supply?
- Planetary Geology
- 13 Planetary Volcanism
- What are planetary geology and planetary volcanism?
- Is the Moon differentiated like the Earth, and is it tectonically active?
- Is the Earth’s moon volcanically active?
- Besides the Earth, what other planets, or moons, are currently volcanically active?
- What is the largest volcano in the Solar System?
- What planet has the most volcanoes?
- Where is cryovolcanism found, and what is it?
- What are the types of cryovolcanism?
- Why is it important to study planetary volcanism?
- Appendix
- Bibliography
- Index