Volcanoes

Höfundar: John P. Lockwood; Richard W. Hazlett; Servando de la Cruz-Reyna (Útgáfa: 2)
Volcanoes

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VOLCANOES Since the publication of the first edition of Volcanoes in 2010, our world of volcanology has changed in exciting ways. Volcanoes have continued to erupt (some 61 eruptions with VEI magnitudes greater than 3 have taken place since 2010), and in this revised and updated edition, the authors describe the largest of these, and the ones that have had the most impact on society. Volcanoes, Second Edition, contains more than 80 new photographs and figures to better illustrate volcanic features and processes, with an updated Bibliography that includes important papers describing recent eruptions and new findings.

Volcanologic research is improving the foundations of knowledge upon which all our science rests, and we briefly summarize the most important of these advances and new research tools developed over the past eleven years. The most productive of these new tools are remotely operated, constantly monitoring volcanoes and their impacts on the Earth’s atmosphere from space and exploring new volcanic worlds beyond the bounds of Earth.

Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are now widely available to understand better the most active volcanoes on Earth - those beneath the sea. This superlative textbook will enable students who may never see an erupting volcano to evaluate news stories about far-away eruptions, and to distinguish between overly sensational stories and factual reporting that puts facts in context. Emergency managers, land use planners, and civic officials also need to understand volcanic processes when their communities are threatened; this book will inform and guide them in their decision-making.

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Útgefandi
Wiley Global Research (STMS)
ISBN
9781119478836
Print ISBN
9781119478850
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
2
Höfundar
John P. Lockwood; Richard W. Hazlett; Servando de la Cruz-Reyna
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2022-09-01
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Dedication Page
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Volcanoes – GlobalPerspectives
  • Preface To The First Edition
  • About the Companion Website
  • PART I: INTRODUCTION
  • CHAPTER 1: Eruptions, Jargon, and History
  • A “Red Volcano” in Eruption – Kīlauea – 2018
  • 2021 UPDATE: Kīlauea’s return to activity on 20 December, 2020
  • A Gray Volcano, El Chichón, Erupts in 1982
  • Another “Gray Volcano” in Eruption – Mount Pinatubo – 1991
  • Epilogue – What Lessons Were Learned from the 1991 Eruption?
  • Conclusions from These Three Narratives
  • Some Basic Terminology
  • History of Volcanology
  • The Age of Enlightenment
  • The Emergence of Modern Volcanology
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • PART II: THE BIG PICTURE
  • CHAPTER 2: Global Perspectives – Plate Tectonics and Volcanism
  • Birth of a Theory
  • Volcanoes along Divergent Plate Boundaries
  • Volcanoes along Convergent Plate Boundaries
  • Intraplate Volcanoes
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • CHAPTER 3: The Nature of Magma – Where Volcanoes Come From
  • Origins of Magma
  • The Physics and Chemistry of Melting
  • Classification of Magma and Igneous Rocks
  • Principal Magma Types
  • Magmatic and Volcanic Gases
  • Volcanic versus Anthropogenic Emissions
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • CHAPTER 4: The Physical Properties of Magma and Why It Erupts
  • Magma Temperatures
  • Magma Rheology
  • Magma Ascent and Emplacement
  • “Frozen Magma” – Subvolcanic Intrusives
  • Triggers for Volcanic Eruptions – Why Volcanoes Erupt
  • Repose Intervals
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • PART III: VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND THEIR PRODUCTS
  • CHAPTER 5: Classifying Volcanic Eruptions
  • Lacroix Classification System
  • Rittmann Diagrams
  • Geze Classification Diagram
  • Walker Classification System
  • Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)
  • General Applications
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • CHAPTER 6: Effusive Volcanic Eruptions and Their Products
  • Hawaiian‐type Eruptions
  • Lava Lakes
  • Strombolian‐type Eruptions
  • Flood Basalt Eruptions
  • Pāhoehoe and ‵A‵ā
  • Pyroducts, Conduits, and Caves
  • Pāhoehoe Surface Structures
  • ‵A‵ā Surface Structures
  • Toothpaste Lava
  • Methane Explosions
  • Other Types of Lava
  • Dating of young Prehistoric Lava Flows
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • CHAPTER 7: An Overview of Explosive Eruptions and Their Products
  • Ejecta Classification
  • A Closer Look at Ballistic Ejecta
  • Explosive Eruption Styles and Their Products
  • Summary
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • CHAPTER 8: A Closer Look at Large‐Scale Explosive Eruptions
  • Plinian Eruptions
  • Pyroclastic Density Currents (PDCs)
  • Directed Blasts
  • “Super‐Eruptions”
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • PART IV: VOLCANIC LANDFORMS AND SETTINGS
  • CHAPTER 9: Constructional (Positive) Volcanic Landforms
  • Large Igneous Provinces
  • Shield Volcanoes
  • Icelandic Shield Volcanoes
  • Composite Volcanoes
  • Minor Volcanic Landforms
  • Volcano Old Age and Extinction
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • CHAPTER 10: “Negative” Volcanic Landforms – Craters and Calderas
  • Small Craters
  • Calderas
  • Post‐Caldera Resurgence
  • Volcano‐Tectonic Depressions
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • CHAPTER 11: Mass‐Wasting Processes and Products
  • Landslides, Avalanches, and Sector Collapses
  • Lahars
  • Causes of Lahars
  • Lahar Dynamics
  • Lahar Destructiveness
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • CHAPTER 12: Volcanoes Unseen and Far Away
  • Submarine and Subglacial Volcanoes – The Meeting of Fire, Water, and Ice
  • Extraterrestrial Volcanoes
  • Mars – Large Volcanoes on A Small Planet
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • PART V: HUMANISTIC VOLCANOLOGY
  • CHAPTER 13: Volcanoes
  • Volcanoes and the Origin of Life
  • Volcanoes, Atmosphere, and Climate
  • Volcanic Influence on Soil Fertility, Agriculture
  • Volcanoes and Human History
  • Social Impact of Volcanic Eruptions
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • CHAPTER 14: Volcanic Hazards and Risk – Monitoring and Mitigation
  • Hazards and Risks
  • Active, Dormant, and Extinct Volcanoes
  • Risk
  • Probabilistic Event Trees
  • Volcano Monitoring
  • Volcano Observatories
  • Direct monitoring methods
  • Volcano crisis management
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • CHAPTER 15: Economic Volcanology
  • Earth Energy Relationships
  • Volcano Energy
  • Stored Energy: Geothermal Power
  • Volcanoes and Ore Deposits
  • Other Useful Volcanic Materials
  • Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion
  • FURTHER READING
  • Epilogue: The Future of Volcanology, Second Edition
  • Bibliography
  • APPENDIX 1: List of Prominent World Volcanoes
  • APPENDIX 2: Fun Reading
  • Memoirs by Volcanologists
  • Books About the Relationships Between Volcanoes and Society
  • Volcano Fiction Written by Volcanologists
  • Index
  • Map: Prominent World Volcanoes
  • End User License Agreement