Vander's Human Physiology ISE
Kaup valmöguleikar
Vander's Human Physiology fjallar á samþættan hátt um grunnatriði og klínísk viðfangsefni ásamt hagnýtum dæmum úr raunveruleikanum. Efnið auðveldar nemendum að skilja starfsemi líkamans og vekur áhuga þeirra á henni. Sérstök áhersla er lögð á samvægi, hreyfingu og heilsu manna. Fjallað er ítarlega um þessi og önnur viðfangsefni, allt frá fyrsta kafla þar sem „almennar grundvallarreglur lífeðlisfræðinnar“, eitt af meginstefum bókarinnar, eru kynntar.
Vander's Human Physiology is an integrated package of textual and digital material that delivers basic and clinical content, real-life applications, and educational technologies. All these pieces come together to facilitate learning and enthusiasm for understanding the mechanisms of body function. Key focus areas include homeostasis, exercise, and human health. These and other areas of interest are elaborated upon, beginning with Chapter 1, where the key "General Principles of Physiology," an underlying theme in the book, is first introduced.
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- McGraw-Hill Higher Education (International)
- 9781265681135
- 9781265086763
- ePub
- 17
- Eric Widmaier; Hershel Raff; Kevin Strang
- English
- 2026-01-20
- 100
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Table of Contents and Preface
- Cover Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Brief Contents
- Meet the Authors
- From the Authors
- Lifeline to success in physiology
- Contents
- 1 Homeostasis: A Framework for Human Physiology Page 1
- 2 Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology Page 21
- 3 Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways Page 45
- 4 Movement of Solutes and Water Across Cell Membranes Page 79
- 5 Cell Signaling in Physiology Page 102
- 6 Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System Page 120
- 7 Sensory Physiology Page 170
- 8 Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior Page 214
- 9 Muscle Page 237
- 10 Control of Body Movement Page 279
- 11 The Endocrine System Page 298
- 12 Cardiovascular Physiology Page 340
- 13 Respiratory Physiology Page 421
- 14 The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions Page 466
- 15 The Digestion and Absorption of Food Page 510
- 16 Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance Page 550
- 17 Reproduction Page 580
- 18 The Immune System Page 635
- 19 Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases Page 673
- Index of Exercise Physiology
- EFFECTS ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, 397–400
- Guided Tour Through a Chapter
- Chapter Outline
- General Principles of Physiology
- Clinical Case Studies
- Summary Tables
- Dig Deeper Inquiries
- Anatomy and Physiology Revealed® (APR) Icon
- Descriptive Art Style
- Flow Diagrams
- Uniform Color-Coded Illustrations Keyed to the Text
- Multilevel Perspective
- End of Section Study and Review
- End of Chapter
- Updates and Additions
- Selected Chapter-by-Chapter Changes in the 2026 Release
- Acknowledgments
- Connect
- Your complete course platform
- Education for all
- McGraw-Hill Connect
- Chapter 1: Homeostasis: A Framework for Human Physiology
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- 1.1 The Scope of Human Physiology
- 1.2 How Is the Body Organized?
- Muscle Cells and Tissue
- Neurons and Nervous Tissue
- Epithelial Cells and Epithelial Tissue
- Connective-Tissue Cells and Connective Tissue
- Organs and Organ Systems
- 1.3 Body Fluid Compartments
- 1.4 Homeostasis: A Defining Feature of Physiology
- 1.5 General Characteristics of Homeostatic Control Systems
- Feedback Systems
- Resetting of Set Points
- Feedforward Regulation
- 1.6 Components of Homeostatic Control Systems
- Reflexes
- Local Homeostatic Responses
- 1.7 The Role of Intercellular Chemical Messengers in Homeostasis
- 1.8 Processes Related to Homeostasis
- Adaptation and Acclimatization
- Biological Rhythms
- Balance of Chemical Substances in the Body
- 1.9 General Principles of Physiology
- Chapter 1 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 1 Test Questions
- Chapter 1 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 2: Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology
- Chapter 2 Introduction
- 2.1 Atoms
- Components of Atoms
- Atomic Number
- Atomic Mass
- Ions
- Atomic Composition of the Body
- 2.2 Molecules
- Covalent Chemical Bonds
- Ionic Bonds
- Hydrogen Bonds
- Molecular Shape
- Ionic Molecules
- 2.3 Solutions
- Water
- Molecular Solubility
- Concentration
- Hydrogen Ions and Acidity
- 2.4 Classes of Organic Molecules
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- Chapter 2 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 2 Test Questions
- Chapter 2 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 2 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 3: Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways
- Chapter 3 Introduction
- 3.1 General Features of Cells
- 3.2 Membranes
- Membrane Structure
- Membrane Junctions
- 3.3 Binding Site Characteristics
- Chemical Specificity
- Affinity
- Saturation
- Competition
- 3.4 Regulation of Protein-Binding Activity
- Allosteric Modulation
- Covalent Modulation
- 3.5 Chemical Reactions
- Determinants of Reaction Rates
- Reversible and Irreversible Reactions
- Law of Mass Action
- 3.6 Enzymes
- Cofactors
- 3.7 Regulation of Enzyme-Mediated Reactions
- Substrate Concentration
- Enzyme Concentration
- Enzyme Activity
- 3.8 Multienzyme Reactions
- 3.9 Cellular Energy Transfer
- 3.9 Cellular Energy Transfer
- 3.10 Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Metabolism
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Fat Metabolism
- Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
- Metabolism Summary
- Chapter 3 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 3 Test Questions
- Chapter 3 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 3 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 4: Movement of Solutes and Water Across Cell Membranes
- Chapter 4 Introduction
- 4.1 Diffusion
- Magnitude and Direction of Diffusion
- Diffusion Rate Versus Distance
- Diffusion Through Membranes
- 4.2 Mediated-Transport Systems
- Facilitated Diffusion
- Active Transport
- 4.3 Osmosis
- Extracellular Osmolarity and Cell Volume
- 4.4 Endocytosis and Exocytosis
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
- 4.5 Epithelial Transport
- Chapter 4 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 4 Test Questions
- Chapter 4 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 4 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 5: Cell Signaling in Physiology
- Chapter 5 Introduction
- 5.1 Receptors
- Types of Receptors
- Interactions Between Receptors and Ligands
- Regulation of Receptors
- 5.2 Signal Transduction Pathways
- Pathways Initiated by Lipid-Soluble Messengers
- Pathways Initiated by Water-Soluble Messengers
- Major Second Messengers
- Other Messengers
- Cessation of Activity in Signal Transduction Pathways
- Chapter 5 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 5 Test Questions
- Chapter 5 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 5 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 6: Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System
- Chapter 6 Introduction
- 6.1 Structure of Neurons
- 6.2 Functional Classes of Neurons
- 6.3 Glial Cells
- 6.4 Basic Principles of Electricity
- 6.5 The Resting Membrane Potential
- Nature and Magnitude of the Resting Membrane Potential
- Contribution of Ion Concentration Differences
- Contribution of Different Ion Permeabilities
- Contribution of Ion Pumps
- Summary of the Development of a Resting Membrane Potential
- 6.6 Graded Potentials and Action Potentials
- Graded Potentials
- Action Potentials
- 6.7 Functional Anatomy of Synapses
- Electrical Synapses
- Chemical Synapses
- 6.8 Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release
- 6.9 Activation of the Postsynaptic Cell
- Binding of Neurotransmitters to Receptors
- Removal of Neurotransmitter from the Synapse
- Excitatory Chemical Synapses
- Inhibitory Chemical Synapses
- 6.10 Synaptic Integration
- 6.11 Synaptic Strength
- Presynaptic Mechanisms
- Postsynaptic Mechanisms
- Modification of Synaptic Transmission by Drugs and Disease
- 6.12 Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators
- Acetylcholine
- Biogenic Amines
- Amino Acid Neurotransmitters
- Neuropeptides
- Gases
- Purines
- 6.13 Neuroeffector Communication
- 6.14 Central Nervous System: Brain
- Forebrain: The Cerebrum
- Forebrain: The Diencephalon
- Hindbrain: The Cerebellum
- Brainstem: The Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata
- 6.15 Central Nervous System: Spinal Cord
- 6.16 Peripheral Nervous System
- 6.17 Autonomic Nervous System
- 6.18 Protective Elements Associated with the Brain
- Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid
- The Blood–Brain Barrier
- Chapter 6 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 6 Test Questions
- Chapter 6 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 6 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 7: Sensory Physiology
- Chapter 7 Introduction
- 7.1 Sensory Systems and Receptors
- The Receptor Potential
- 7.2 Primary Sensory Coding
- Stimulus Type
- Stimulus Intensity
- Stimulus Location
- Central Control of Afferent Information
- 7.3 Ascending Neural Pathways in Sensory Systems
- 7.4 Association Cortex and Perceptual Processing
- Factors That Affect Perception
- 7.5 Somatic Sensation
- Touch and Pressure
- Posture and Movement
- Temperature
- Pain
- Neural Pathways of the Somatosensory System
- 7.6 Vision
- Light
- Overview of Eye Anatomy
- The Optics of Vision
- Photoreceptor Cells and Phototransduction
- Neural Pathways of Vision
- Color Vision
- Color Blindness
- Eye Movement
- Common Diseases of the Eye
- 7.7 Audition
- Sound
- Sound Transmission in the Ear
- Hair Cells of the Organ of Corti
- Neural Pathways in Hearing
- 7.8 Vestibular System
- The Semicircular Canals
- The Utricle and Saccule
- Vestibular Information and Pathways
- 7.9 Chemical Senses
- Gustation
- Olfaction
- Chapter 7 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 7 Test Questions
- Chapter 7 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 7 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 8: Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior
- Chapter 8 Introduction
- 8.1 States of Consciousness
- Electroencephalogram
- The Waking State
- Sleep
- Neural Substrates of States of Consciousness
- Coma and Brain Death
- 8.2 Conscious Experiences
- Selective Attention
- Neural Mechanisms of Conscious Experiences
- 8.3 Motivation and Emotion
- Motivation
- Emotion
- 8.4 Altered States of Consciousness
- Schizophrenia
- The Mood Disorders: Depression and Bipolar Disorders
- Psychoactive Substances, Tolerance, and Substance Use Disorders
- 8.5 Learning and Memory
- Memory
- The Neural Basis of Learning and Memory
- 8.6 Cerebral Dominance and Language
- Chapter 8 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 8 Test Questions
- State of consciousness:
- Electroencephalogram pattern:
- Chapter 8 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 8 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 9: Muscle
- Chapter 9 Introduction
- 9.1 Structure
- Cellular Structure
- Connective Tissue Structure
- Filament Structure
- Sarcomere Structure
- Other Myofibril Structures
- 9.2 Molecular Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
- Membrane Excitation: The Neuromuscular Junction
- Excitation–Contraction Coupling
- Sliding-Filament Mechanism
- 9.3 Mechanics of Single-Fiber Contraction
- Twitch Contractions
- Load–Velocity Relation
- Frequency–Tension Relation
- Length–Tension Relation
- 9.4 Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism
- Creatine Phosphate
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Glycolysis
- Muscle Fatigue
- 9.5 Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
- 9.6 Whole-Muscle Contraction
- Control of Muscle Tension
- Control of Shortening Velocity
- Muscle Adaptation to Exercise
- Lever Action of Muscles and Bones
- 9.7 Skeletal Muscle Disorders
- Muscle Cramps
- Hypocalcemic Tetany
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Myasthenia Gravis
- 9.8 Structure of Smooth Muscle
- 9.9 Smooth Muscle Contraction and Its Control
- Cross-Bridge Activation
- Sources of Cytosolic Ca2+
- Membrane Activation
- Types of Smooth Muscle
- 9.10 Cardiac Muscle
- Cellular Structure of Cardiac Muscle
- Excitation–Contraction Coupling in CardiacMuscle
- Chapter 9 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 9 Test Questions
- Chapter 9 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 9 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 10: Control of Body Movement
- Chapter 10 Introduction
- 10.1 Motor Control Hierarchy
- Voluntary and Involuntary Actions
- 10.2 Local Control of Motor Neurons
- Interneurons
- Local Afferent Input
- 10.3 The Brain Motor Centers and the Descending Pathways They Control
- Cerebral Cortex
- Subcortical and Brainstem Nuclei
- Cerebellum
- Descending Pathways
- 10.4 Muscle Tone
- Abnormal Muscle Tone
- 10.5 Maintenance of Upright Posture and Balance
- 10.6 Walking
- Chapter 10 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 10 Test Questions
- True or False
- Chapter 10 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 10 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 11: The Endocrine System
- Chapter 11 Introduction
- 11.1 Hormones and Endocrine Glands
- 11.2 Hormone Structures and Synthesis
- Amine Hormones
- Peptide and Protein Hormones
- Steroid Hormones
- 11.3 Hormone Transport in the Blood
- 11.4 Hormone Metabolism and Excretion
- 11.5 Mechanisms of Hormone Action
- Hormone Receptors
- Events Elicited by Hormone–Receptor Binding
- Pharmacological Effects of Hormones
- 11.6 Inputs That Control Hormone Secretion
- Control by Plasma Concentrations of Mineral Ions or Organic Nutrients
- Control by Neurons
- Control by Other Hormones
- 11.7 Types of Endocrine Disorders
- Hyposecretion
- Hypersecretion
- Hyporesponsiveness and Hyperresponsiveness
- 11.8 Control Systems Involving the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
- Posterior Pituitary Hormones
- Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones and the Hypothalamus
- 11.9 Synthesis of Thyroid Hormone
- 11.10 Control of Thyroid Function
- 11.11 Actions of Thyroid Hormone
- Metabolic Actions
- Permissive Actions
- Growth and Development
- 11.12 Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
- 11.13 Physiological Functions of Cortisol
- 11.14 Functions of Cortisol in Stress
- 11.15 Adrenal Insufficiency and Cushing’s Syndrome
- 11.16 Other Hormones Released During Stress
- 11.17 Bone Growth
- 11.18 Environmental Factors Influencing Growth
- 11.19 Hormonal Influences on Growth
- Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factors
- Thyroid Hormone
- Insulin
- Sex Steroids
- Cortisol
- 11.20 Effector Sites for Ca2+ Homeostasis
- Bone
- Kidneys
- Gastrointestinal Tract
- 11.21 Hormonal Controls
- Parathyroid Hormone
- 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
- Calcitonin
- 11.22 Metabolic Bone Diseases
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Chapter 11 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 11 Test Questions
- Hormone:
- Function:
- True or False
- Chapter 11 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 11 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 12: Cardiovascular Physiology
- Chapter 12 Introduction
- 12.1 Components of the Circulatory System
- Blood
- Plasma
- The Blood Cells
- Blood Flow
- Circulation
- 12.2 Pressure, Flow, and Resistance
- 12.3 Anatomy
- Cardiac Muscle
- 12.4 Heartbeat Coordination
- Sequence of Excitation
- Cardiac Action Potentials and Excitation of the SA Node
- The Electrocardiogram
- Excitation–Contraction Coupling
- Refractory Period of the Heart
- 12.5 Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle
- Mid-Diastole to Late Diastole
- Systole
- Early Diastole
- Pulmonary Circulation Pressures
- Heart Sounds
- 12.6 The Cardiac Output
- Control of Heart Rate
- Control of Stroke Volume
- Measurement of Cardiac Function
- 12.7 Overview of the Vascular System
- 12.8 Arteries
- Arterial Blood Pressure
- Measurement of Systemic Arterial Pressure
- 12.9 Arterioles
- Local Controls
- Extrinsic Controls
- Endothelial Cells and Vascular Smooth Muscle
- Arteriolar Control in Specific Organs
- 12.10 Capillaries
- Anatomy of the Capillary Network
- Velocity of Capillary Blood Flow
- Diffusion Across the Capillary Wall: Exchanges of Nutrients and Metabolic End Products
- Bulk Flow Across the Capillary Wall: Distribution of the Extracellular Fluid
- 12.11 Venules and Veins
- Determinants of Venous Pressure
- 12.12 The Lymphatic System
- Mechanism of Lymph Flow
- 12.13 Overview of Regulation of Systemic Arterial Pressure
- 12.14 Baroreceptor Reflexes
- Arterial Baroreceptors
- The Medullary Cardiovascular Center
- Operation of the Arterial Baroreceptor Reflex
- Other Baroreceptors
- 12.15 Blood Volume and Long-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure
- 12.16 Other Cardiovascular Reflexes and Responses
- 12.17 Hemorrhage and Other Causes of Hypotension
- Shock
- 12.18 The Upright Posture
- 12.19 Exercise
- Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Training
- 12.20 Hypertension
- 12.21 Heart Failure
- 12.22 Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Attacks
- Causes and Prevention
- Drug Therapy
- Interventions
- Stroke and TIA
- 12.23 Overview of Hemostasis
- 12.24 Formation of a Platelet Plug
- 12.25 Blood Coagulation: Clot Formation
- 12.26 Anticlotting Systems
- Factors That Oppose Clot Formation
- The Fibrinolytic System
- 12.27 Anticlotting Drugs
- Chapter 12 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 12 Test Questions
- Chapter 12 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 12 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 13: Respiratory Physiology
- Chapter 13 Introduction
- 13.1 Organization of the Respiratory System
- The Airways and Blood Vessels
- Site of Gas Exchange: The Alveoli
- Relation of the Lungs to the Thoracic (Chest) Wall
- 13.2 Principles of Ventilation
- Ventilation
- Boyle’s Law
- Transmural Pressures
- How Is a Stable Balance of Transmural Pressures Achieved Between Breaths?
- Inspiration
- Expiration
- 13.3 Lung Mechanics
- Lung Compliance
- Airway Resistance
- Lung Volumes and Capacities
- 13.4 Alveolar Ventilation
- Dead Space
- 13.5 Exchange of Gases in Alveoli and Tissues
- Partial Pressures of Gases
- Alveolar Gas Pressures
- Gas Exchange Between Alveoli and Blood
- Matching of Ventilation and Blood Flow in Alveoli
- Gas Exchange Between Tissues and Blood
- 13.6 Transport of Oxygen in Blood
- What Is the Effect of PO2 on Hemoglobin Saturation?
- Effects of Other Factors on Hemoglobin Saturation and Oxygen-Carrying Capacity
- 13.7 Transport of Carbon Dioxide in Blood
- 13.8 Transport of Hydrogen Ion Between Tissues and Lungs
- 13.9 Control of Respiration
- Neural Generation of Rhythmic Breathing
- Control of Ventilation by PO2, PCO2, and H+ Concentration
- Control of Ventilation During Exercise
- Other Ventilatory Responses
- 13.10 Hypoxia
- Why Do Ventilation–Perfusion Abnormalities Affect O2 More Than CO2?
- Emphysema
- Acclimatization to High Altitude
- 13.11 Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lungs
- Chapter 13 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 13 Test Questions
- Chapter 13 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 13 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 14: The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions
- Chapter 14 Introduction
- 14.1 Renal Functions
- 14.2 Structure of the Kidneys and Urinary System
- 14.3 Basic Renal Processes
- Glomerular Filtration
- Tubular Reabsorption
- Tubular Secretion
- Metabolism by the Tubules
- Regulation of Membrane Channels and Transporters
- “Division of Labor” in the Tubules
- 14.4 The Concept of Renal Clearance
- 14.5 Micturition
- Involuntary (Spinal) Control
- Voluntary Control
- Incontinence
- 14.6 Total-Body Balance of Sodium and Water
- 14.7 Basic Renal Processes for Sodium and Water
- Primary Active Na+ Reabsorption
- Coupling of Water Reabsorption to Na+ Reabsorption
- Urine Concentration: The Countercurrent Multiplier System
- 14.8 Renal Sodium Regulation
- Control of GFR
- Control of Na+ Reabsorption
- 14.9 Renal Water Regulation
- Osmoreceptor Control of Vasopressin Secretion
- Baroreceptor Control of Vasopressin Secretion
- 14.10 A Summary Example: The Response to Sweating
- 14.11 Thirst and Salt Appetite
- 14.12 Potassium Regulation
- Renal Regulation of K+
- 14.13 Renal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Ions
- 14.14 Summary—Division of Labor
- 14.15 Diuretics
- 14.16 Sources of Hydrogen Ion Gain or Loss
- 14.17 Buffering of Hydrogen Ion in the Body
- 14.18 Integration of Homeostatic Controls
- 14.19 Renal Mechanisms
- HCO3− Handling
- Addition of New HCO3− to the Plasma
- 14.20 Classification of Acidosis and Alkalosis
- Chapter 14 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 14 Test Questions
- Chapter 14 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 14 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 15: The Digestion and Absorption of Food
- Chapter 15 Introduction
- 15.1 Overview of the Digestive System
- 15.2 Structure of the Gastrointestinal Tract Wall
- 15.3 How Are Gastrointestinal Processes Regulated?
- Neural Regulation
- Hormonal Regulation
- Phases of Gastrointestinal Control
- 15.4 Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
- Saliva
- Chewing
- Swallowing
- 15.5 The Stomach
- Anatomy
- Secretions of the Stomach
- Gastric Motility
- 15.6 The Small Intestine
- Anatomy
- Secretions
- Digestion and Absorption in the Small Intestine
- Motility of the Small Intestine
- 15.7 The Large Intestine
- Anatomy
- Secretion, Digestion, and Absorption in the Large Intestine
- Motility of the Large Intestine and Defecation
- 15.8 Pathology of the Digestive System
- Ulcers
- Vomiting
- Gallstones
- Lactose Intolerance
- Constipation and Diarrhea
- Chapter 15 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 15 Test Questions
- Chapter 15 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 15 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 16: Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance
- Chapter 16 Introduction
- 16.1 Events of the Absorptive and Postabsorptive States
- Absorptive State
- Postabsorptive State
- 16.2 Endocrine and Neural Control of the Absorptive and Postabsorptive States
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Epinephrine and Sympathetic Nerves to Liver and Adipose Tissue
- Cortisol
- Growth Hormone
- Hypoglycemia
- 16.3 Energy Homeostasis in Exercise and Stress
- 16.4 General Principles of Energy Expenditure
- Metabolic Rate
- 16.5 Regulation of Total-Body Energy Stores
- Regulation of Food Intake
- Overweight and Obesity
- What Should We Eat?
- 16.6 General Principles of Thermoregulation
- Mechanisms of Heat Loss or Gain
- Temperature-Regulating Reflexes
- Temperature Acclimatization
- 16.7 Fever and Hyperthermia
- Chapter 16 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 16 Test Questions
- Chapter 16 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 16 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 17: Reproduction
- Chapter 17 Introduction
- 17.1 Overview and Gametogenesis
- Gametogenesis
- 17.2 Sex Determination
- 17.3 Sex Differentiation
- Differentiation of the Gonads
- Differentiation of Internal and External Genitalia
- Fetal and Neonatal Programming
- Sexual Differentiation of the Brain
- 17.4 General Principles of Reproductive Endocrinology
- Androgens
- Estrogens and Progesterone
- Effects of Gonadal Steroids
- Hypothalamo–Pituitary–Gonadal Control
- 17.5 Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
- 17.6 Spermatogenesis
- Sertoli Cells
- Leydig Cells
- Production of Mature Sperm
- 17.7 Transport of Sperm
- Erection
- Ejaculation
- 17.8 Hormonal Control of Male Reproductive Functions
- Control of the Testes
- Testosterone
- 17.9 Puberty (Male)
- Secondary Sex Characteristics and Growth
- Behavior
- Anabolic Steroid Use
- 17.10 Hypogonadism
- 17.11 Andropause
- 17.12 Overview and Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
- Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
- 17.13 Ovarian Functions
- Oogenesis
- Follicle Growth
- Formation of the Corpus Luteum
- Sites of Synthesis of Ovarian Hormones
- 17.14 Control of Ovarian Function
- Follicle Development and Estrogen Synthesis During the Early and Middle Follicular Phases
- LH Surge and Ovulation
- The Luteal Phase
- 17.15 Uterine Changes in the Menstrual Cycle
- 17.16 Additional Effects of Gonadal Steroids
- 17.17 Puberty (Female)
- 17.18 Female Sexual Response
- 17.19 Menopause
- 17.20 Fertilization and Early Development
- Egg Transport
- Intercourse, Sperm Transport, and Capacitation
- Fertilization
- Early Development, Implantation, and Placentation
- 17.21 Hormonal and Other Changes During Pregnancy
- Preeclampsia and the Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy
- 17.22 Parturition and Lactation
- Parturition
- Lactation
- 17.23 Contraception and Infertility
- Contraception
- Infertility
- 17.24 Summary of Reproductive Hormones Through Life
- Fetal Life
- Infancy: The Minipuberty
- Puberty
- Adult
- Aging
- Chapter 17 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 17 Test Questions
- Chapter 17 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 17 Test Questions General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 18: The Immune System
- Chapter 18 Introduction
- 18.1 Cells and Secretions Mediating Immune Defenses
- Immune Cells
- Immune Cell Secretions: Cytokines
- 18.2 Innate Immune Responses
- Defenses at Body Surfaces
- Inflammation
- Interferons
- Toll-Like Receptors
- 18.3 Adaptive Immune Responses
- Overview
- Lymphocyte Receptors
- Antigen Presentation to T Cells
- Development of Immune Tolerance
- Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses: Defenses Against Bacteria, Extracellular Viruses, and Toxins
- Defenses Against Virus-Infected Cells and Cancer Cells
- 18.4 Systemic Manifestations of Immunological Insult
- 18.5 Factors That Alter the Resistance to Immunological Insult
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- Antibiotics
- 18.6 Harmful Immune Responses
- Graft Rejection
- Transfusion Reactions
- Hypersensitivities
- Autoimmune Disease
- Excessive Inflammatory Responses
- Chapter 18 Clinical Case Study
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Chapter 18 Test Questions
- Chapter 18 Test Questions Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate
- Chapter 18 Test Question General Principles Assessment
- Chapter 19: Medical Physiology
- Chapter 19 Introduction
- 19.1 Case Study of a Woman with Palpitations and Heat Intolerance
- Case Presentation
- Physical Examination
- Laboratory Tests
- Diagnosis
- Physiological Integration
- Therapy
- 19.2 Case Study of a Man with Chest Pain After a Long Airplane Flight
- Case Presentation
- Physical Examination
- Laboratory Tests
- Diagnosis
- Physiological Integration
- Therapy
- 19.3 Case Study of a Man with Abdominal Pain, Fever, and Circulatory Failure
- Case Presentation
- Physical Examination
- Laboratory Tests
- Diagnosis
- Physiological Integration
- Therapy
- 19.4 Case Study of a College Student with Nausea, Flushing, and Sweating
- Case Presentation
- Physical Examination
- Laboratory Tests
- Diagnosis
- Physiological Integration
- Therapy
- Key and Clinical Terms
- Appendix A: Answers To Test Questions
- Appendix A Answers To Test AND REVIEW Questions
- CHAPTER 1
- CHAPTER 2
- CHAPTER 3
- CHAPTER 4
- CHAPTER 5
- CHAPTER 6
- CHAPTER 7
- CHAPTER 8
- CHAPTER 9
- CHAPTER 10
- CHAPTER 11
- CHAPTER 12
- CHAPTER 13
- CHAPTER 14
- CHAPTER 15
- CHAPTER 16
- CHAPTER 17
- CHAPTER 18
- Appendix B: Index of Clinical Terms
- Appendix B Index of Clinical Terms
- Diseases and Disorders
- Infectious or Causative Agents
- Signs and Symptoms
- Treatments, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Drugs
- Appendix C: Concentration Ranges of Commonly Measured Variables in Blood
- Appendix C Concentration Ranges of Commonly Measured Variables in Blood
- Glossary | Index
- Glossary | Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- X
- Y
- Z
- Accessibility Content: Extended Descriptions for Images
- Lifeline to Success in Physiology Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Chapter Outline Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- General Principles of Physiology Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Clinical Case Studies Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Summary Tables Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Dig Deeper Inquiries Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Descriptive Art Style Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Flow Diagrams Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Key to Flow Diagrams Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Multilevel Perspective Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- End of Section Study and Review Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- An Alphabetized List Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Recall and Comprehend Questions Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Apply, Analyze, and Evaluate Questions Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- General Principles Assessments Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Every Learner is Unique Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Underprepared Students Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- The Gap Between Lab and Lecture Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Understanding Difficult Concepts Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Critical Thinking Skills Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- Figure 1.1 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.2 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.3 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.4 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.5 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.6 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.7 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.8 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.9 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.10 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.11 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.12 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 1.13 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- Figure 2.1 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.3 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- The Covalent Bonds of the Four Elements Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.4 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.5 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.6 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.7 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.8 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.9 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.10 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.11 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.12 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.13 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.14 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.15 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.16 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.17 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.18 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.19 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.20 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.21 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.22 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 2.23 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- Figure 3.1 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.2 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.3 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.4 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.5 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.6 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.7 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.8 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.9 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.10 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.11 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.12 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.13 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.14 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.15 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Chemical Reactions Involve Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.16 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.17 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.18 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.19 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.20 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.21 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.22 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- High-Energy Irreversible Reactions Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Branch in a Metabolic Pathway Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.23 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.24 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.25 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.26 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.27 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.28 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.29 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.30 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.31 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.32 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.33 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.34 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.35 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.36 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.37 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 3.38 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- The Relation Between The Amount of Acid Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- Figure 4.1 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.2 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.3 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.4 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.5 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.6 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.7 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.8 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.9 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.10 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.11 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.12 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.13 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.14 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.15 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.16 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.17 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.18 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.19 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.20 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.21 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.22 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.23 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.24 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 4.25 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- Figure 5.1 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- Figure 5.2 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- Figure 5.3 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- Figure 5.4 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- Figure 5.5 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- Figure 5.6 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- Figure 5.7 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- Figure 5.8 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- Figure 5.9 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- Figure 5.10 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- Figure 5.11 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- Figure 5.12 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- The Nervous System Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.1 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.2 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.3 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.4 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.5 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.6 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.7 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.8 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.9 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.10 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.11 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.12 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.13 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.14 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.15 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.16 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.17 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.18 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.19 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.20 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.21 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.22 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.23 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.24 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.25 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.26 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.27 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.28 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.29 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.30 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.31 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.32 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.33 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.34 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.35 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.36 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.37 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.38 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.39 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.40 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.41 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.42 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.43 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.44 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.45 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.46 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 6.47 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- Figure 7.1 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.2 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.3 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.4 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.5 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.6 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.7 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.8 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.9 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.10 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.11 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.12 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.13 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.14 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.15 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.16 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.17 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.18 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.19 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.20 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.21 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.22 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.23 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.24 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.25 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.26 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.27 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.28 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.29 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.30 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.31 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.32 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.33 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.34 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.35 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.36 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.37 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.38 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.39 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.40 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.41b,c Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.42 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.43 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.44 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.45 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.46 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.47 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.48 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 7.49 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- Figure 8.1 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.2 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.3 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.4 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.5 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.6 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.7 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.8 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.9 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.11 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.13 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.14 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.15 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.16 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 8.17 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Figure 9.1 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.2 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.3 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.4 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.5 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Cross-section diagram Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.6 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.7 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.8 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.9 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.10 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.11 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.12 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.13 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.14 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.15 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.16 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.17 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.18 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.19 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.20 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.21 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.22 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.23 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.24 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.25 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.26 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.27 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.28 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.29 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.30 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.31 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.33 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.34 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.35 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.36 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.37 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.38 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.39b Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.40 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.41 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 9.42 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- Figure 10.1 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.2 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.3 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.4 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.5 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.6 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.7 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.8 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.9 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.10 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.11 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.12 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 10.13 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Figure 11.1 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.2 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.3 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.4 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.5 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.6 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.7 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.8 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.9 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.10 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.12 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.13 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.14 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.15 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.16 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.17 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.18 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.19 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.20 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.21 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.22 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.23 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.25 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.27 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.28 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.29 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.30 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.31 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.32 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.33 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 11.35 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Binds To Receptor X Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- Figure 12.1 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.2 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.4 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.5 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.6 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.7 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.8 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.9 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.10 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.11 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.12 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.13 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.14 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.15 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.16 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.17 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.18 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.19 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.20 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.21 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.22 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.23 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.24 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.25 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.26 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.27 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.28 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.29 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.30 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.31 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.32 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.33 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.34 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.35 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.36 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.37 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.38 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.39 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.40 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.41 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.42 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.43 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.44 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.45 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.46 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.47 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.48 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.49 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.50 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.52 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.53 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.54 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.55 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.56 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.57 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.58 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.59 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.60 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.61 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.62 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.63 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.64 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.65 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.66 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.67 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.68 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.69 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.70 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.71 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.72 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.74 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.75 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.76 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.77 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.78 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 12.79 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Figure 13.1 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.2 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.3 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.4 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.5 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.6 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.7 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.8 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.9 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.10 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.11 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.12 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.13 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.14 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.15 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.16 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.17 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.18 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.19 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.20 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.21 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.22 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.23 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.24 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.25 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.26 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.27 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.28 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.29 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.30 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.31 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.32 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.33 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.34 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.35 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.36 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.37 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.38 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.39 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.40 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.41 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.42 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.43 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.44 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 13.45 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- Figure 14.1 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.2 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.3 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.4 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.5 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.6 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.7 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.8 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.9 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.10 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.11 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.12 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.13 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.14 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.15 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.16 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.17 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.18 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.19 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.20 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.21 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.22 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.23 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.24 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.25 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.26 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.27 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.28 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.29 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.30 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.31 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.32 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.33 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.34 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.35 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 14.36 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- Figure 15.1 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.2 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.3 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.4 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.5 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.6 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.7 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.8 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.9 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.10 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.11 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.12 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.13 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.14 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.15 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.16 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.17 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.18 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.19 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.20 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.21 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.22 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.23 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.24 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.25 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.26 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.27 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.28 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.29 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.30 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.31 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.32 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.33 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.34 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.35 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.36 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.37 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 15.38 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- Figure 16.1 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.2 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.3 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.4 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.5 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.6 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.7 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.8 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.9 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.10 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.11 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.12 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.13 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.14 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.15 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.16 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.17 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.18 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.19 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.20 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.21 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 16.22 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
- Figure 17.1 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.2 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.3 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.4 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.5 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.6 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.7 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.8 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.9 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.10 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.11 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.12 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.13 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.14 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.15 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.16 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.17 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.18 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.19 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.20 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.21 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.22 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.23 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.24 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.25 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.26 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.27 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.28 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.29 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.30 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.31 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.32 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.33 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.34 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.35 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.36 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.37 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.38 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.39 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 17.40 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
- Figure 18.1 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.2 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.3 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.4 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.6 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.7 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.8 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.9 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.10 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.11 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.12a Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.13 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.14 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.15 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.16 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.17 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.18 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.19 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.20 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.21 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.22 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 18.24a Extended Description (Chapter 18)
- Figure 19.2 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
- Figure 19.3 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
- Figure 19.4 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
- Figure 19.5 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
- Figure 19.6 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
- Figure 19.7 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
- The Accompanying Graph Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
- Neuroeffector Junctions Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
- The Chromophore Retinal Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
- The Active and Passive Tension Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
- The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Extracellular Fluid Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
- Purkinje Cell Action Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)