Understanding Racism: Theories of Oppression and Discrimination
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Recipient of a 2022 Most Promising New Textbook Award from the Textbook & Academic Authors Association (TAA) The author is a proud sponsor of the 2020 SAGE Keith Roberts Teaching Innovations Award—enabling graduate students and early career faculty to attend the annual ASA pre-conference teaching and learning workshop. Understanding Racism systematically examines the theories and theorists that have contributed the most to our contemporary understanding of racism in its various forms—making it easier for students to understand the multiple dynamics of how racism operates.
In every chapter, activist and award-winning sociologist Hephzibah Strmic-Pawl describes the emergence of a theory and the problem it addresses; discusses the scholars who are most closely associated with the theory; and explores the strengths and limitations of the theory. From foundational theories such as Prejudice and White Privilege to contemporary theories such as Color-Blind Racism, Understanding Racism is the first text to present thirteen approaches for explaining racism in one book.
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- SAGE Publications, Inc. (US)
- 9781071818657
- 9781506387789
- ePub
- 1
- hephzibah strmic-pawl
- English
- 2020-06-03
- 10
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Cover
- Half Title
- Acknowledgment
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Toc brief
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- About the Author
- Part I Foundational Theories
- Chapter 1 Prejudice and Discrimination: Gordon W. Allport | Robert Merton
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- The Definition of Prejudice
- The Nature of Categorization
- In-Groups and Out-Groups
- Why Prejudice Exists and Persists
- Structural Explanations
- Psychological Explanations
- Prejudice in Action
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Additional Contribution: Merton’s Typology
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Prejudice
- Diagram of Merton’s Typology
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Chapter 2 White Privilege: Robert Amico | Peggy McIntosh | Paula Rothenberg | Tim Wise
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- Whiteness
- Facets of White Privilege
- Opportunities Received
- Lack of Authority Enforcement
- White Ethnocentric Curriculum
- Racial Segregation
- Pattern of Laws
- Confronting and Accepting White Privilege
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of White Privilege
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Chapter 3 White Supremacy: Charles W. Mills | Andrea Smith | hephzibah v. strmic-pawl
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- Racing Space
- Racing the Individual
- Evolution of the Racial Contract
- Enforcement of the Racial Contract
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Additional Contributions to White Supremacy Theory: Smith and strmic-pawl
- Smith: Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy
- strmic-pawl: The White Supremacy Flower
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Mills’ Theory of the Racial Contract
- Diagram of Smith’s Theory of the Three Pillars of White Supremacy
- Diagram of strmic-pawl’s White Supremacy Flower
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Part II Micro-Level Theories
- Chapter 4 Implicit Bias: Mahzarin Banaji | Anthony Greenwald | Brian Nosek
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- Implicit Versus Explicit
- The Implicit Association Test
- Interpreting the IAT
- IAT Results: Your Culture or You?
- The Origins of Implicit Cognition
- Implicit Bias and Action
- The IAT Website
- Changes and Improvements to the IAT
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Implicit Bias
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Chapter 5 Microaggressions: Derald Wing Sue
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- Types of Microaggressions
- Processing Microaggressions
- Consequences of Microaggressions
- Microaggressions and the Perpetrator
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Microaggressions
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Part III Macro-Level Theories
- Chapter 6 Racial Formation: Michael Omi | Howard Winant
- Why This Theory
- Ethnicity-Based Theory
- Class-Based Theory
- Nation-Based Theory
- A Theory of Racial Formation
- Description of the Theory
- The State
- The Components of the State
- How Change Occurs
- How the Centrality of Race Is Maintained
- Racial Projects
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Racial Formation
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Chapter 7 Systemic Racism: Joe Feagin
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- White Economic Domination
- The White Racial Frame
- Alienated Social Relations and the Racial Hierarchy
- Related Racial Domination
- Whites’ Unjust Enrichment
- Constant Struggle and Resistance
- Systemic Racism Across Time
- Era 1: Systemic Racism During Slavery
- Era 2: Systemic Racism During Segregation
- Era 3: Contemporary Racial Realities
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Systemic Racism
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Chapter 8 Critical Race Theory: Derrick Bell
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- Race Is a Social Construction
- Racism Is a Regular Part of Society
- Whiteness and Racism Provide Direct Rewards to Whites
- The Importance of Intersectionality and Anti-Essentialism
- People of Color Have a Unique, Valuable Perspective
- Narrative and Legal Storytelling Are Important Tools
- Critical Race Theory: Faces at the Bottom of the Well by Derrick Bell
- Chapter 1: Racial Symbols: A Limited Legacy
- Chapter 2: The Afrolantica Awakening
- Chapter 3: The Racial Preference Licensing Act
- Chapter 4: The Last Black Hero
- Chapter 5: Divining a Racial Realism Theory
- Chapter 6: The Rules of Racial Standing
- Chapter 7: A Law Professor’s Protest
- Chapter 8: Racism’s Secret Bonding
- Chapter 9: The Space Traders
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Critical Race Theory
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Part IV From “Old Racism” to “New Racism”
- Chapter 9 Laissez-Faire Racism: Lawrence Bobo | James Kluegel | Ryan Smith
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- The Fall of Jim Crow Racism
- Prejudice as Group Position
- The Persistence of Widespread Racism
- Laissez-Faire Racism
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Laissez-Faire Racism
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Chapter 10 Structure and Culture: William Julius Wilson
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- Structure
- Culture
- Structure Plus Culture
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Structure Plus Culture
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Chapter 11 Color-Blind Racism: Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- Color-Blind Racism
- Frames
- Styles
- Stories
- White Habitus
- Is Color-Blind Racism Universal?
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Color-Blind Racism
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Part V More Than Race
- Chapter 12 Colorism: Evelyn Nakano Glenn | Ronald Hall | Margaret Hunter | Kimberly Norwood
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- Historical Origins of Light-Skin Valorization
- Interracial and Intraracial Colorism
- Interracial Colorism
- Intraracial Colorism
- Gendered Colorism
- Colorism and Multiraciality
- Measuring Colorism
- The Effects of Colorism on a Macro Level
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Colorism
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Chapter 13 Intersectionality: Kimberlé Crenshaw
- Why This Theory
- Description of the Theory
- The Foundations of Intersectionality
- Structural Intersectionality
- Political Intersectionality
- Representational Intersectionality
- Intersectionality and the Relationship to Identity Politics and Anti-Essentialism
- The Expansion of Intersectionality
- How to Challenge Racism
- By the Numbers
- Evaluation
- Methodological Benefits
- Methodological Limitations
- Theoretical Benefits
- Theoretical Limitations
- Conclusion
- Reflect and Discuss
- Diagram of Intersectionality
- Key Terms
- Key People
- Works Cited and Further Reading
- Notes
- Index