Understanding Normal & Clinical Nutrition, International Student Edition

Höfundur: Rolfes (Útgáfa: 13)
Understanding Normal & Clinical Nutrition, International Student Edition

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Nourish your mind with Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition, Cengage International Edition, 13th Edition! Start by learning about normal nutrition, including the effects of food and nutrients on your mental and physical health, and then turn your focus to the clinical side of nutrition and the medical nutrition therapy of people with health problems. Packed with practical information and resources, this text is designed to help you understand and apply nutrition concepts to your daily life as well as to clinical settings.

Features in the text include real-life case studies and questions, step-by-step ""How To"" instruction, detailed illustrations, intriguing vignettes, a full glossary, and much more. Whether you are planning to become a registered dietitian, nutritionist, or work elsewhere in the healthcare field, the student-friendly writing, thorough explanations, and concise coverage of current topics will inspire you to take a healthy look at the field of clinical nutrition!Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Cengage Learning EMEA
ISBN
9798214610924
Print ISBN
9798214446189
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
13
Höfundar
Rolfes
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2/27/2026
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover Page
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • About the Authors
  • Section Content
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • Reviewers of Understanding Normal & Clinical Nutrition
  • 1. An Overview of Nutrition
  • 1.1. Food Choices
  • Preferences
  • 1.2. The Nutrients
  • Nutrients in Foods and in the Body
  • The Energy-Yielding Nutrients: Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein
  • The Vitamins
  • Water
  • 1.3. The Science of Nutrition
  • Conducting Research
  • Analyzing Research Findings
  • Publishing Research
  • 1.4. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
  • Establishing Nutrient Recommendations
  • Establishing Energy Recommendations
  • Using Nutrient Recommendations
  • Comparing Nutrient Recommendations
  • 1.5. Nutrition Assessment
  • Nutrition Assessment of Individuals
  • Nutrition Assessment of Populations
  • 1.6. Diet and Health
  • Chronic Diseases
  • Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases
  • Highlight 1. Nutrition Information and Misinformation
  • Nutrition on the Internet
  • Nutrition in the News
  • Identifying Nutrition Experts
  • Physicians and Other Health-Care Professionals
  • Dietitians and Other Dietary Employees
  • Identifying Fake Credentials
  • Red Flags of Nutrition Quackery
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 2. Planning a Healthy Diet
  • 2.1. Principles and Guidelines
  • Diet-Planning Principles
  • Dietary Guidelines for Americans
  • 2.2. Diet-Planning Guides
  • USDA Food Patterns
  • Food Lists
  • Putting the Plan into Action
  • From Guidelines to Groceries
  • Vegetables
  • 2.3. Food Labels
  • The Ingredient List
  • Nutrition Facts Panel
  • Claims on Labels
  • Consumer Education
  • Highlight 2. Plant-Based Diets
  • Health Benefits
  • Diet Planning
  • Healthy Food Choices
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 3. Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
  • 3.1. Digestion
  • Anatomy of the Digestive Tract
  • The Muscular Action of Digestion
  • The Secretions of Digestion
  • The Final Stage
  • 3.2. Absorption
  • Anatomy of the Absorptive System
  • A Closer Look at the Intestinal Cells
  • 3.3. Common Digestive Problems
  • Choking
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Belching and Gas
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux
  • Peptic Ulcer Disease
  • 3.4. The Circulatory Systems and the Hormone Regulation of the GI Tract
  • The Vascular System
  • The Lymphatic System
  • Gastrointestinal Hormones and Nerve Pathways
  • The System at Its Best
  • Highlight 3. Gut Microbiome and the Gut-Brain Axis
  • Gastrointestinal Microbes
  • 4. The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibers
  • 4.1. The Chemist’s View of Carbohydrates
  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
  • 4.2. Digestion and Absorption Of Carbohydrates
  • Carbohydrate Digestion
  • Carbohydrate Absorption
  • Lactose Intolerance
  • 4.3. Glucose in the Body
  • A Preview of Carbohydrate Metabolism
  • The Constancy of Blood Glucose
  • 4.4. Health Effects and Recommended Intakes of Sugars
  • Health Effects of Sugars
  • Recommended Intakes of Sugars
  • Alternative Sweeteners
  • 4.5. Health Effects of Starch and Fibers
  • Health Effects of Starch and Fibers
  • Recommended Intakes of Starch and Fibers
  • From Guidelines to Groceries
  • Highlight 4. Carbs, kCalories, and Controversies
  • Carbohydrates’ Calorie Contributions
  • Sugar: The Sweet Truth
  • Insulin’s Response
  • In Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 5. The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols
  • 5.1. The Chemist’s View of Fatty Acids and Triglycerides
  • Fatty Acids
  • Triglycerides
  • Characteristics of Fats and Oils
  • 5.2. The Chemist’s View of Phospholipids and Sterols
  • Phospholipids
  • Sterols
  • 5.3. Digestion, Absorption, and Transport of Lipids
  • Lipid Digestion
  • Lipid Absorption
  • Lipid Transport
  • 5.4. Lipids in the Body
  • Roles of Triglycerides
  • Essential Fatty Acids
  • A Preview of Lipid Metabolism
  • 5.5. Health Effects and Recommended Intakes of Saturated Fats and Cholesterol
  • Health Effects of Saturated Fats, Trans Fats, and Cholesterol
  • Recommended Intakes of Saturated Fat, Trans Fat, and Cholesterol
  • 5.6. Health Effects and Recommended Intakes of Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fats
  • Health Effects of Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fats
  • Recommended Intakes of Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fats
  • From Guidelines to Groceries
  • Highlight 5. High-Fat Foods–Friend or Foe?
  • Guidelines for Fat Intake
  • High-Fat Foods and Heart Health
  • High-Fat Foods and Heart Disease
  • The Mediterranean Diet
  • Conclusion
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 6. Protein: Amino Acids
  • 6.1. The Chemist’s View of Proteins
  • Amino Acids
  • Proteins
  • 6.2. Digestion and Absorption of Proteins
  • Protein Digestion
  • Protein Absorption
  • 6.3. Proteins in the Body
  • Protein Synthesis
  • Roles of Proteins
  • A Preview of Protein Metabolism
  • 6.4. Protein in Foods
  • Protein Quality
  • Complementary Proteins
  • 6.5. Health Effects and Recommended Intakes of Protein
  • Health Effects of Protein
  • Recommended Intakes of Protein
  • From Guidelines to Groceries
  • Read Food Labels
  • Protein and Amino Acid Supplements
  • Highlight 6. Nutritional Genomics
  • A Genomics Primer
  • Genetic Variation and Disease
  • Clinical Concerns
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 7. Energy Metabolism
  • 7.1. From Food to Energy
  • An Overview of Metabolism
  • Chemical Reactions in the Body
  • 7.2. Breaking Down Carbohydrates for Energy
  • Glucose-to-Pyruvate
  • Pyruvate’s Options—Aerobic or Anaerobic
  • Excess Carbohydrate
  • Adaptation: Making Glucose
  • 7.3. Breaking Down Fats and Proteins for Energy
  • Breaking down Glycerol and Fatty Acids for Energy
  • Breaking Down Amino Acids for Energy
  • 7.4. The Final Steps of Energy Metabolism
  • The TCA Cycle
  • 7.5. Feasting and Fasting
  • Feasting—Excess Energy
  • The Transition from Feasting to Fasting
  • Fasting—Inadequate Energy
  • The Ketogenic Diets
  • Highlight 7. Alcohol in the Body
  • Alcohol in Beverages
  • Alcohol’s Influence
  • Other Damage Done by Alcohol
  • Personal Strategies
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 8. Energy Balance and Body Composition
  • 8.1. Energy Balance
  • 8.2. Energy In: The Kcalories Foods Provide
  • Food Composition
  • Food Intake
  • 8.3. Energy Out: The Kcalories the Body Expends
  • Components of Energy Expenditure
  • Estimating Energy Requirements
  • 8.4. Body Weight and Body Composition
  • Defining Healthy Body Weight
  • Body Fat and Its Distribution
  • 8.5. Health Risks Associated with Body Weight and Body Fat
  • Health Risks of Underweight
  • Health Risks of Obesity
  • Other Considerations
  • Highlight 8. Eating Disorders
  • Disordered Eating in Athletes
  • Anorexia Nervosa
  • Bulimia Nervosa
  • Characteristics of Bulimia Nervosa
  • Eating Disorders in Society
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 9. Body Weight and Health
  • 9.1. Causes of Weight Gain
  • Genetics and Epigenetics
  • Environment
  • 9.2. Interventions, Do They Work?
  • Drugs
  • Surgery
  • Other Medical Procedures
  • Fad Diets’ Appeal
  • Dangerous Interventions
  • 9.3. Lifestyle Strategies
  • Changes, Losses, and Goals
  • Eating Patterns
  • Physical Activity
  • Behavior and Attitude
  • Weight Maintenance
  • Prevention
  • Community Programs
  • 9.4. Weight Stigma and Health at Every Size (HAES)
  • Weight Stigma
  • Social Consequences of Weight Bias
  • Psychological Concerns
  • Health at Every Size (HAES)
  • 9.5. Underweight
  • Problems of Underweight
  • Weight-Gain Strategies
  • Highlight 9. Mindful Eating and Intuitive Eating
  • Mindfulness and Mindful Eating
  • Intuitive Eating
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 10. The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C
  • 10.1. The Vitamins—An Overview
  • Solubility
  • 10.2. The B Vitamins
  • Thiamin
  • Riboflavin
  • Niacin
  • Biotin
  • Pantothenic Acid
  • Vitamin B 6
  • Vitamin B 12
  • Choline
  • Nonvitamins
  • Interactions among the B Vitamins
  • 10.3. Vitamin C
  • Vitamin C Roles
  • Vitamin C Recommendations
  • Vitamin C Deficiency
  • Vitamin C Toxicity
  • Vitamin C Food Sources
  • Highlight 10. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
  • Arguments for Supplements
  • Arguments against Supplements
  • Selection of Supplements
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 11. The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K
  • 11.1. Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene
  • Vitamin A Roles
  • Vitamin A Deficiency
  • Vitamin A Toxicity
  • Vitamin A Recommendations
  • Vitamin A Food Sources
  • 11.2. Vitamin D
  • Vitamin D Roles
  • Vitamin D Deficiency
  • Vitamin D Toxicity
  • Vitamin D Recommendations and Sources
  • Vitamin D from Supplements
  • 11.3. Vitamin E
  • Vitamin E Roles
  • Vitamin E Deficiency
  • Vitamin E Toxicity
  • Vitamin E Recommendations
  • Vitamin E Food Sources
  • 11.4. Vitamin K
  • Vitamin K Roles
  • Vitamin K Deficiency
  • Vitamin K Toxicity
  • Vitamin K Recommendations and Sources
  • Highlight 11. Antioxidant Nutrients in Disease Prevention
  • Free Radicals and Disease
  • Defending against Free Radicals
  • Foods, Supplements, or Both?
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 12. Water and the Major Minerals
  • 12.1. Water and the Body Fluids
  • Distribution and Movement of Body Fluids
  • Regulation of Fluid Balance
  • Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
  • Acid–Base Balance
  • Water Balance and Recommended Intakes
  • 12.2. The Minerals—An Overview
  • Inorganic Elements
  • 12.3. The Major Minerals
  • Sodium
  • Chloride
  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus
  • Magnesium
  • Sulfur
  • Highlight 12. Osteoporosis and Calcium
  • Bone Development and Disintegration
  • Age and Bone Calcium
  • Sex and Hormones
  • Genetics
  • Physical Activity and Body Weight
  • Smoking and Alcohol
  • Dietary Calcium
  • Other Nutrients
  • A Perspective on Calcium Supplements
  • Closing Thoughts
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 13. The Trace Minerals
  • 13.1. The Trace Minerals—An Overview
  • Food Sources
  • 13.2. The Trace Minerals
  • Iron
  • Zinc
  • Copper
  • Manganese
  • Iodine
  • Selenium
  • Fluoride
  • Chromium
  • Molybdenum
  • 13.3. Contaminant Minerals
  • Highlight 13. Phytochemicals and Functional Foods
  • The Phytochemicals
  • Functional Foods
  • Future Foods
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 14. Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation
  • 14.1. Nutrition prior to Pregnancy
  • 14.2. Growth and Development during Pregnancy
  • Placental Development
  • Fetal Growth and Development
  • Critical Periods
  • 14.3. Maternal Weight
  • Weight Prior to Conception
  • Weight Gain during Pregnancy
  • Exercise during Pregnancy
  • 14.4. Nutrition during Pregnancy
  • Energy and Nutrient Needs during Pregnancy
  • Common Nutrition-Related Concerns of Pregnancy
  • 14.5. High-Risk Pregnancies
  • The Infant’s Birthweight
  • Malnutrition and Pregnancy
  • Food Assistance Programs
  • Maternal Health
  • The Mother’s Age
  • Practices Incompatible with Pregnancy
  • 14.6. Nutrition during Lactation
  • Lactation: A Physiological Process
  • Breastfeeding: A Learned Behavior
  • Maternal Energy and Nutrient Needs during Lactation
  • Maternal Health
  • Practices Incompatible with Lactation
  • Highlight 14. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
  • Drinking during Pregnancy
  • How Much Is Too Much?
  • When Is the Damage Done?
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 15. Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence
  • 15.1. Nutrition during Infancy
  • Energy and Nutrient Needs
  • Human Milk
  • Infant Formula
  • Special Needs of Preterm Infants
  • Introducing Cow’s Milk
  • Complementary Foods
  • Mealtimes with Toddlers
  • 15.2. Nutrition during Childhood
  • Energy and Nutrient Needs
  • Hunger and Malnutrition in Children
  • The Malnutrition-Lead Connection
  • Hyperactivity and “Hyper” Behavior
  • Food Allergy and Intolerance
  • Childhood Obesity
  • Mealtimes at Home
  • Nutrition at School
  • 15.3. Nutrition during Adolescence
  • Growth and Development
  • Energy and Nutrient Needs
  • Food Choices and Health Habits
  • Highlight 15. Childhood Obesity and the Early Development of Chronic Diseases
  • Early Development of Type 2 Diabetes
  • Early Development of Heart Disease
  • Physical Activity
  • Dietary Recommendations for Children
  • Moderation, Not Deprivation
  • Diet First, Drugs Later
  • Smoking
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 16. Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years
  • 16.1. Nutrition and Longevity
  • Observations of Older Adults
  • Manipulation of Diet
  • 16.2. The Aging Process
  • Physiological Changes
  • Other Changes
  • 16.3. Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults
  • Water
  • Energy and Energy Nutrients
  • Vitamins and Minerals
  • Dietary Supplements
  • 16.4. Nutrition-Related Concerns of Older Adults
  • Vision
  • Arthritis
  • The Aging Brain
  • Alcohol
  • 16.5. Food Choices and Eating Habits of Older Adults
  • Malnutrition
  • Food Assistance Programs
  • Meals for Singles
  • Highlight 16. Nutrient-Drug Interactions
  • Actions of Drugs
  • Interactions between Drugs and Nutrients
  • Inactive Ingredients in Drugs
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 17. Nutrition Care and Assessment
  • 17.1. Nutrition in Health Care
  • Effects of Illness on Nutrition Status
  • Responsibility for Nutrition Care
  • Nutrition Screening
  • The Nutrition Care Process
  • 17.2. Nutrition Assessment
  • Food and Nutrient Intake
  • Anthropometric Data
  • Biochemical Data
  • Nutrition Focused Physical Exam
  • Highlight 17. Nutrition and Immunity
  • Tissues of the Immune System
  • Examples of Innate Immunity
  • Examples of Adaptive Immunity
  • Undesirable Effects of Immunity
  • Malnutrition and Immunity
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 18. Nutrition Intervention
  • 18.1. Implementing Nutrition Care
  • Approaches to Nutrition Care
  • Documenting Nutrition Care
  • 18.2. Energy Intakes in Hospital Patients
  • Indirect Calorimetry
  • Predictive Equations
  • 18.3. Dietary Modifications
  • Modified Diets
  • Diet Progression
  • Alternative Feeding Routes
  • Nothing by Mouth (NPO)
  • 18.4. Foodservice
  • Menu Planning
  • Food Selection
  • Food Safety
  • Improving Food Intake
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 18. Food Allergies
  • A Review of Food Allergy
  • Diagnosis of Food Allergy
  • Management of Food Allergy
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 19. Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products
  • 19.1. Medications in Disease Treatment
  • Medication Administration
  • Risks from Medications
  • Patients at High Risk of Adverse Effects
  • 19.2. Diet-Drug Interactions
  • Drug Effects on Food Intake
  • Drug Effects on Nutrient Absorption
  • Dietary Effects on Drug Absorption
  • Drug Effects on Nutrient Metabolism
  • Dietary Effects on Drug Metabolism
  • Drug Effects on Nutrient Excretion
  • Dietary Effects on Drug Excretion
  • Diet-Drug Interactions and Toxicity
  • 19.3. Herbal Supplements
  • Effectiveness and Safety of Herbal Products
  • Use of Herbal Products in Illness
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 19. Complementary and Alternative Medicine
  • Use of CAM in the United States
  • Overview of CAM Therapies
  • Alternative Medical Systems
  • Mind-Body Practices
  • Biologically Based Therapies
  • Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
  • Energy Therapies
  • Is CAM Safe and Effective?
  • Working with Patients Who Use CAM
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 20. Enteral Nutrition Support
  • 20.1. Oral Supplements
  • 20.2. Tube Feedings in Medical Care
  • Candidates for Tube Feedings
  • Tube-Feeding Routes
  • 20.3. Enteral Formulas
  • Types of Enteral Formulas
  • Formula Characteristics
  • Formula Selection
  • 20.4. Administration of Tube Feedings
  • Safe Handling of Formula
  • Initiating and Advancing a Tube Feeding
  • Meeting Water Needs
  • Medication Delivery During Tube Feedings
  • Tube-Feeding Complications
  • Transition to Table Foods
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 20. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
  • Inborn Errors of Metabolism
  • Treatment for Inborn Errors of Metabolism
  • Phenylketonuria
  • Galactosemia
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 21. Parenteral Nutrition Support
  • 21.1. Indications for Parenteral Nutrition
  • Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition
  • 21.2. Parenteral Solutions
  • Parenteral Nutrients
  • Solution Preparation
  • 21.3. Administering Parenteral Nutrition
  • Insertion and Care of Intravenous Catheters
  • Administration of Parenteral Solutions
  • Discontinuing Parenteral Nutrition
  • Managing Metabolic Complications
  • 21.4. Nutrition Support at Home
  • Candidates for Home Nutrition Support
  • Planning Home Nutrition Care
  • Quality-of-Life Issues
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 21. Ethical Issues in Nutrition Care
  • Ethical Issues in Nutrition Care
  • Ethical Considerations
  • Ethical Dilemmas
  • Advance Planning
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 22. Metabolic and Respiratory Stress
  • 22.1. The Body’s Responses to Stress and Injury
  • Hormonal Responses to Stress
  • The Inflammatory Response
  • 22.2. Nutrition Treatment of Acute Stress
  • Determining Nutritional Requirements
  • Approaches to Nutrition Care in Acute Stress
  • Patients with Burn Injuries
  • 22.3. Respiratory Stress
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  • Respiratory Failure
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 22. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
  • Development of MODS
  • Factors that Influence Organ Dysfunction
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 23. Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders
  • 23.1. Conditions Affecting the Esophagus
  • Dysphagia
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
  • 23.2. Conditions Affecting the Stomach
  • Dyspepsia
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Gastroparesis
  • Gastritis
  • 23.3. Gastric Surgery
  • Gastrectomy
  • Bariatric Surgery
  • Postsurgical Concerns
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 23. Oral Health and Chronic Illness
  • Periodontal Disease
  • Dry Mouth
  • Dental Health and Chronic Illness
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 24. Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders
  • 24.1. Common Intestinal Problems
  • Constipation
  • Causes of Constipation
  • Treatment of Constipation
  • Laxatives
  • Medical Interventions
  • Intestinal Gas
  • Diarrhea
  • Causes of Diarrhea
  • Medical Treatment of Diarrhea
  • Oral Rehydration Therapy
  • Nutrition Therapy for Diarrhea
  • 24.2. Malabsorption
  • Fat Malabsorption
  • Consequences of Fat Malabsorption
  • Nutrition Therapy for Fat Malabsorption
  • Bacterial Overgrowth
  • Causes of Bacterial Overgrowth
  • Treatment for Bacterial Overgrowth
  • 24.3. Conditions Affecting the Pancreas
  • Pancreatitis
  • Acute Pancreatitis
  • Nutrition Therapy for Acute Pancreatitis
  • Chronic Pancreatitis
  • Nutrition Therapy for Chronic Pancreatitis
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Consequences of Cystic Fibrosis
  • Nutrition Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis
  • 24.4. Conditions Affecting the Small Intestine
  • Celiac Disease
  • Consequences of Celiac Disease
  • Nutrition Therapy for Celiac Disease
  • Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
  • Complications of Crohn’s Disease
  • Complications of Ulcerative Colitis
  • Drug Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
  • Nutrition Therapy for Crohn’s Disease
  • Nutrition Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis
  • Short Bowel Syndrome
  • Consequences of Short Bowel Syndrome
  • Intestinal Adaptation
  • Nutrition Therapy for Short Bowel Syndrome
  • 24.5. Conditions Affecting the Large Intestine
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • Nutrition Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • Diverticular Disease of the Colon
  • Diverticulitis
  • Treatment for Diverticular Disease
  • Colostomies and Ileostomies
  • Nutrition Care for Patients with Ostomies
  • Obstructions
  • Reducing Gas and Odors
  • Diarrhea
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 24. Probiotics and Intestinal Health
  • Our Intestinal Bacteria
  • Probiotic Bacteria
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 25. Liver Disease and Gallstones
  • 25.1. Fatty Liver and Hepatitis
  • Fatty Liver
  • Consequences of Fatty Liver
  • Treatment of Fatty Liver
  • Hepatitis
  • Viral Hepatitis
  • Symptoms and Signs of Hepatitis
  • Treatment of Hepatitis
  • Nutrition Therapy for Hepatitis
  • 25.2. Cirrhosis
  • Consequences of Cirrhosis
  • Portal Hypertension
  • Collateral Vessels and Gastroesophageal Varices
  • Ascites
  • Hepatic Encephalopathy
  • Elevated Ammonia Levels
  • Malnutrition and Wasting
  • Treatment of Cirrhosis
  • Nutrition Therapy for Cirrhosis
  • Energy
  • Protein
  • Carbohydrate and Fat
  • Sodium Restriction for Ascites
  • Vitamins and Minerals
  • Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support
  • 25.3. Liver Transplantation
  • Nutrition Status of Transplant Patients
  • Posttransplant Concerns
  • 25.4. Gallstone Disease
  • Types of Gallstones
  • Cholesterol Gallstones
  • Pigment Gallstones
  • Consequences of Gallstones
  • Gallstone Symptoms
  • Complications of Gallstones
  • Risk Factors for Cholesterol Gallstones
  • Ethnicity
  • Aging
  • Sex
  • Pregnancy
  • Obesity and Weight Loss
  • Other Risk Factors
  • Treatment of Gallstones
  • Gallbladder Surgery
  • Nonsurgical Procedures
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 25. Anemia in Illness
  • Overview of Anemia
  • Red Blood Cell Production
  • Nutritional Anemias
  • Identifying Causes of Anemia
  • Nutritional Anemias in Illness
  • Anemia of Chronic Disease
  • Medications and Anemia
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 26. Diabetes Mellitus
  • 26.1. Overview of Diabetes Mellitus
  • Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
  • Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
  • Types of Diabetes Mellitus
  • Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  • Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
  • Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
  • 26.2. Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
  • Treatment Goals
  • Evaluating Diabetes Treatment
  • Nutrition Therapy: Dietary Recommendations
  • Nutrition Therapy: Meal-Planning Strategies
  • Insulin Therapy
  • Antidiabetic Drugs
  • Physical Exercise and Diabetes Management
  • Sick-Day Management
  • 26.3. Diabetes Management in Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy in Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes
  • Gestational Diabetes
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 26. The Metabolic Syndrome
  • Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome
  • Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
  • Metabolic Syndrome and CVD Risk
  • Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 27. Cardiovascular Diseases
  • 27.1. Atherosclerosis
  • Consequences of Atherosclerosis
  • Development of Atherosclerosis
  • Causes of Atherosclerosis
  • 27.2. Coronary Heart Disease
  • Symptoms of CHD
  • Evaluating Risk for CHD
  • Clinical Measures
  • Vitamin Supplementation and CHD Risk
  • Lifestyle Changes for Hypertriglyceridemia
  • 27.3. Stroke
  • Stroke Prevention
  • Stroke Management
  • 27.4. Hypertension
  • Factors That Influence Blood Pressure
  • Factors That Contribute to Hypertension
  • Treatment of Hypertension
  • 27.5. Heart Failure
  • Consequences of Heart Failure
  • Medical Management of Heart Failure
  • Drug Therapies for Heart Failure
  • Nutrition Therapy for Heart Failure
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 27. Coping with Feeding Disabilities
  • Effects of Disabilities on Nutrition Status
  • Energy Requirements
  • Effects of Disease Symptoms
  • Interventions for Feeding Disabilities
  • Adaptive Feeding Equipment
  • Social Concerns
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 28. Kidney Diseases
  • 28.1. Functions of the Kidneys
  • 28.2. The Nephrotic Syndrome
  • Consequences of the Nephrotic Syndrome
  • Treatment of the Nephrotic Syndrome
  • 28.3. Acute Kidney Injury
  • Causes of Acute Kidney Injury
  • Consequences of Acute Kidney Injury
  • Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury
  • 28.4. Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Consequences of Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease
  • 28.5. Dialysis
  • Dialysis
  • The Basics of Dialysis
  • Removal of Solutes
  • Removal of Fluid
  • Evaluation of Dialysis Treatment
  • Types of Dialysis
  • Hemodialysis
  • Peritoneal Dialysis
  • Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 28.  
  • Formation of Kidney Stones
  • Consequences of Kidney Stones
  • Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Stones
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • 29. Cancer and HIV Infection
  • 29.1. Cancer
  • How Cancer Develops
  • Nutrition and Cancer Risk
  • Consequences of Cancer
  • Treatments for Cancer
  • Nutrition Therapy for Cancer
  • 29.2. HIV Infection
  • Prevention of HIV Infection
  • Consequences of HIV Infection
  • Treatments for HIV Infection
  • Nutrition Therapy for HIV Infection
  • Clinical Portfolio
  • Highlight 29. Foodborne Illness
  • Foodborne Infections and Food Intoxications
  • Food Safety in the Marketplace
  • Food Safety in the Kitchen
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Appendix A. Cells, Hormones, and Nerves
  • Appendix B. Basic Chemistry Concepts
  • Appendix C. Biochemical Structures and Pathways
  • Appendix D. Measures of Protein Quality
  • Appendix E. Nutrition Assessment: Supplemental Information
  • Appendix F. Estimated Energy Needs
  • Appendix G. Choose Your Foods: Food Lists for Diabetes and Weight Management
  • Appendix H. Aids to Calculation
  • Appendix I. WHO Nutrition Recommendations
  • Appendix J. Healthy People 2030
  • Appendix K. Enteral Formulas
  • Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
  • UNITED STATES
  • Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy
  • APPENDIX M
  • Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy
  • Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) and Adequate Intakes (AI) for Vitamins
  • Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) and Adequate Intakes (AI) for Minerals
  • Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) for Vitamins
  • Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) for Minerals
  • Daily Values (DV) for Food Labels
  • Body Mass Index (BMI)