Understanding Jurisprudence
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Understanding Jurisprudence provides an illuminating and engaging introduction to the central questions of legal theory. It is the perfect starting point for those new to the subject. Addressing students directly, Professor Raymond Wacks brings legal theory to life through his lucid and entertaining style. The author has crafted a manageable, student-focused guide, balancing concise introductions to the key theorists and core issues such as punishment and rights, without ignoring the subtleties of the subject.
Key features An extremely readable and stimulating account for all law students, offering the ideal support for a legal theory module, as well as providing valuable context for the study of law in general Written by an experienced academic and author, the text explains complex ideas with clarity, without avoiding the subtleties of the subject Exposes students to a broad range of key theorists and concepts, along with issues such as punishment and rights which are treated thematically Features pithy extracts and extensive further reading to introduce and explain the central scholarly works, ideas, and commentaries which shape legal theory, providing the ideal base for further study End of chapter self-test questions are integrated into the digital versions of the book to help students test their understanding of jurisprudence Also available as an e-book with multiple-choice questions and other functionality, navigation features, and links that offer extra learning support New to this edition Expanded discussion of theories of justice, globalization, the challenges to the rule of law following the change in US administration in January 2025, and environmental protection New section on judicial review developments in Eastern Europe and democracy elsewhere Analysis of the right to life reconsidered in the light of the US Supreme Court's overturning of Roe v Wade, and the proposed legislation on assisted dying in England and Wales Consideration of new theories on the subject of animal rights New discussion on capital punishment Updated suggested further reading lists and self-test questions.
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- Oxford University Press Academic UK
- 9780192675521
- 9780192859372
- ePub
- 7
- Raymond Wacks
- English
- 2026-03-19
- 100
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright page
- Table of Contents
- New to this Edition
- Preface
- Preface to First Edition
- List of Tables and Figure
- Tables
- Figure
- Acknowledgements
- Oxford University Press
- Hong Kong University Press
- Sweet & Maxwell Asia and Hong Kong Law Journal
- Editions Rodopi BV
- Oneworld Publications
- Routledge
- Hart Publishing
- Franz Steiner Verlag
- Springer Nature
- 1 What’s it all about?
- 1.1 A helping hand?
- 1.2 Reading
- 1.3 Why jurisprudence?
- 1.4 Descriptive, normative, and critical legal theory
- 1.5 Is eating people wrong?
- 1.6 The rule of law
- 1.6.1 Dicey
- 1.6.2 Modern approaches
- 1.7 Is judicial review undemocratic?
- 1.7.1 Judges as protectors of the law
- 1.7.2 The arguments
- 1.7.2.1 Waldron’s ‘necessary connection’ argument
- 1.7.2.2 Conclusion
- 1.8 The point of legal theory
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 2 Natural law and morality
- 2.1 Classical natural law theory
- 2.1.1 Plato and Aristotle
- 2.1.2 St Thomas Aquinas
- 2.2 Contemporary natural law theory
- 2.3 Natural law in political philosophy
- 2.3.1 Hobbes
- 2.3.2 Locke
- 2.3.3 Rousseau
- 2.4 The decline of natural law theory
- 2.5 The revival of natural law theory
- 2.6 John Finnis
- 2.7 Hard and soft natural law?
- 2.8 Moral realism
- 2.9 Critique
- 2.10 Law and morality
- 2.10.1 Natural law v positivism
- 2.10.2 Hart v Fuller
- 2.10.3 Hart v Devlin
- 2.10.3.1 A right to life?
- 2.10.3.2 Euthanasia
- 2.11 Judicial morality: a case study
- 2.11.1 Moral questions
- 2.11.2 Semantic questions
- 2.11.3 Public or private morality?
- 2.11.4 The judge’s duty
- 2.11.5 The judge’s choice
- 2.11.6 The judge’s surrender
- 2.11.7 The judge and the lawyer
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 3 Classical legal positivism
- 3.1 What is legal positivism?
- 3.1.1 What legal positivism is not
- 3.2 Jeremy Bentham: the Luther of jurisprudence?
- 3.2.1 In search of determinacy
- 3.2.2 Judge & Co
- 3.2.3 Codification
- 3.3 John Austin: naive empiricist?
- 3.3.1 Imperatives
- 3.3.2 Laws properly so called
- 3.3.3 Law and power
- 3.4 Bentham and Austin compared
- 3.4.1 Their general approaches
- 3.4.2 The definition of law
- 3.4.3 Commands
- 3.4.4 Sovereignty
- 3.4.5 Sanctions
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 4 Modern legal positivism
- 4.1 The foundations
- 4.2 HLA Hart
- 4.2.1 Hart as legal positivist
- 4.2.1.1 ‘Minimum content of natural law’
- 4.2.1.2 Breaking with Austin and Bentham
- 4.2.2 Law and language
- 4.2.3 Law as a system of rules
- 4.2.4 Social rules
- 4.2.5 Secondary rules
- 4.2.6 The rule of recognition
- 4.2.7 The existence of a legal system
- 4.2.8 The ‘internal point of view’
- 4.2.9 The judicial function
- 4.2.10 ‘An essay in descriptive sociology’?
- 4.2.11 Critique
- 4.3 Hans Kelsen
- 4.3.1 Unadulterated law
- 4.3.2 A hierarchy of norms
- 4.3.3 The Grundnorm
- 4.3.4 Validity, efficacy, and revolution
- 4.3.5 International law
- 4.3.6 Kelsen and Kant
- 4.3.7 Democracy and the rule of law
- 4.3.8 Critique
- 4.4 Joseph Raz
- 4.4.1 The ‘sources thesis’
- 4.4.2 Practical reason
- 4.4.3 Committed and detached statements
- 4.4.4 Critique
- 4.5 Hard and soft positivism
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 5 Dworkin and law’s moral claims
- 5.1 An overview
- 5.2 The assault on positivism
- 5.2.1 Principles and policies
- 5.2.2 Hercules and hard cases
- 5.2.3 One right answer
- 5.2.4 The semantic sting
- 5.2.5 The rights thesis
- 5.2.6 Law as literature
- 5.2.7 Law as integrity
- 5.2.8 Community
- 5.3 Equality
- 5.4 Good lives and living well
- 5.5 Criticizing Dworkin
- 5.5.1 The disagreement with Hart
- 5.5.2 The law
- 5.5.3 The rights thesis
- 5.5.4 A ‘hard case’ is inadequately defined
- 5.5.5 Hercules is objectionable
- 5.5.6 The theory travels badly
- 5.5.7 One right answer
- 5.5.8 Law and literature
- 5.5.9 Integrity and ‘fit’
- 5.5.10 A ‘semantic’ theory?
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 6 Legal realism
- 6.1 What are realists realistic about?
- 6.2 American Realism
- 6.2.1 Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr
- 6.2.2 Karl Llewellyn
- 6.2.3 Jerome Frank
- 6.2.4 The American Realist method
- 6.2.4.1 A philosophical joke?
- 6.3 The Scandinavian realists
- 6.3.1 Alf Ross
- 6.3.2 Karl Olivecrona
- 6.3.3 Critique
- 6.4 Realism and psychology
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 7 Law and social theory
- 7.1 What is a sociological perspective?
- 7.2 Roscoe Pound
- 7.2.1 Social interests and ‘jural postulates’
- 7.2.2 Critique of Pound
- 7.3 Eugen Ehrlich
- 7.4 Émile Durkheim
- 7.4.1 Law and social solidarity
- 7.4.2 The function of punishment
- 7.4.3 Critique of Durkheim
- 7.5 Max Weber
- 7.5.1 Weber’s typology of law
- 7.5.2 Weber’s theory of legitimate domination
- 7.5.3 Capitalism and law
- 7.5.4 Critique of Weber
- 7.6 Karl Marx
- 7.6.1 Historicism
- 7.6.2 Base and superstructure
- 7.6.3 Ideology
- 7.6.4 Goodbye to law?
- 7.6.5 Legal fetishism
- 7.6.6 Conflict or consensus?
- 7.7 Michel Foucault
- 7.7.1 Power
- 7.7.2 The law
- 7.7.3 Critique
- 7.8 Jürgen Habermas
- 7.8.1 The modern state
- 7.8.2 The law
- 7.8.3 Critique
- 7.9 Autopoiesis
- 7.10 Whither the sociology of law?
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 8 Historical and anthropological jurisprudence
- 8.1 Why do legal systems differ?
- 8.2 The historical school
- 8.2.1 Savigny
- 8.2.1.1 Codification
- 8.2.1.2 Legislation
- 8.2.1.3 Critique
- 8.3 Sir Henry Maine
- 8.3.1 The evolution of law
- 8.3.2 Natural law
- 8.3.3 Fictions
- 8.3.4 Critique
- 8.4 Anthropological jurisprudence
- 8.4.1 ‘Law’ in tribal societies
- 8.4.2 Bronislaw Malinowski
- 8.4.3 E Adamson Hoebel
- 8.4.4 Max Gluckman
- 8.4.5 Paul Bohannan
- 8.4.6 Leopold Pospisil
- 8.4.7 Other theorists
- 8.5 Legal pluralism
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 9 Theories of justice
- 9.1 Justice and globalization
- 9.1.1 The environment
- 9.1.2 World government
- 9.2 Aristotle and virtue
- 9.3 Kant and duty
- 9.4 Utilitarianism
- 9.4.1 Consequences
- 9.4.2 Preferences
- 9.4.3 Critique
- 9.5 The economic analysis of law
- 9.5.1 Critique
- 9.6 Justice as fairness
- 9.6.1 The rejection of utilitarianism
- 9.6.2 Social contractarianism
- 9.6.3 The original position
- 9.6.4 The two principles of justice
- 9.6.5 Reconsideration
- 9.6.6 Critique
- 9.7 Communitarianism
- 9.7.1 Critique
- 9.8 Libertarianism
- 9.8.1 Critique
- 9.9 Equality
- 9.9.1 What is it?
- 9.9.2 Against equality
- 9.10 Capability
- 9.10.1 Critique
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 10 Rights
- 10.1 What is a right?
- 10.2 Theories of rights
- 10.2.1 Right-based theories
- 10.3 Human rights
- 10.3.1 Communitarianism
- 10.3.2 Relativism
- 10.3.3 Utilitarianism
- 10.3.4 Socialism
- 10.3.5 Legal positivism
- 10.3.6 Critical theory
- 10.4 The future of human rights
- 10.5 Animal rights
- 10.5.1 Early philosophical influences
- 10.5.2 Utilitarianism
- 10.5.3 Rights
- 10.5.4 Animals as citizens
- 10.5.5 Social contractarianism
- 10.5.6 Intrinsic worth
- 10.5.7 The rights of animals
- 10.5.8 Fox hunting: a case study
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 11 Why obey the law?
- 11.1 The terms of the debate
- 11.1.1 A prima facie duty?
- 11.1.2 Justifying the duty
- 11.1.2.1 Fair play
- 11.1.2.2 Consent
- 11.1.2.3 The common good
- 11.1.2.4 Gratitude
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 12 Why punish?
- 12.1 Justifying punishment
- 12.2 Retributivism
- 12.2.1 Weak and strong retributivists
- 12.2.2 Critique
- 12.3 Consequentialism
- 12.4 Critique
- 12.5 Restorative justice
- 12.6 Critique
- 12.7 Denunciation
- 12.8 Critique
- 12.9 Capital punishment
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 13 Critical legal theory
- 13.1 Critical Legal Studies
- 13.1.1 Trashing CLS?
- 13.2 Postmodern legal theory
- 13.2.1 What is it?
- 13.2.2 The death of the subject
- 13.2.3 Jacques Lacan
- 13.2.4 Jacques Derrida
- 13.2.5 Foucault and Habermas
- 13.2.6 The postmodern agenda
- 13.2.7 Language
- 13.2.8 Critical theory and individual rights
- 13.2.9 Critique
- 13.3 Critical race theory
- 13.3.1 CRT and feminist theory
- 13.3.2 CRT and postmodernism
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- 14 Feminist theory
- 14.1 Origins of feminism
- 14.2 Legal feminisms
- 14.2.1 Liberal feminism
- 14.2.2 Radical feminism
- 14.2.3 Postmodern feminism
- 14.2.4 Difference feminism
- 14.2.5 Other feminisms
- 14.3 Feminism and justice
- 14.3.1 The social contract and women
- 14.4 Critique
- Questions
- Online resources
- Further reading
- List of Key Terms
- Glossary
- List of Illustrations
- List of Tables
- Images
- 3 Classical legal positivism