Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Höfundur: Eberhard Merz (Útgáfa: 2)
Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Kaup valmöguleikar

The Definitive Reference for Obstetric UltrasoundCompleteThe most comprehensive work on obstetric ultrasound available, with over 1500 superb illustrations (700 in color)Textbook and atlas in oneCombined with the gynecologic volume, provides an archive of information and images that leaves no question unansweredSystematicScreening, biometry and organ biometry, detailed and systematic diagnosis of fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, abnormal pregnanciesTransvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound, Doppler and color Doppler scanning, 3D ultrasound, ultrasound-guided invasive diagnostic and therapeutic proceduresPractice-OrientedThe ideal reference work for sonographic findings in frequent and rare malformations and syndromesActual specimens shown next to ultrasound images for comparison.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Thieme Medical Publishers Inc.
ISBN
9783132578210
Print ISBN
9783131318824
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
2
Höfundar
Eberhard Merz
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2004-09-08
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
20
Afritunar takmörkun
20

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Contributors
  • Preface to the Second Edition
  • Abbreviations
  • Contents
  • Ultrasound in Obstetrics
  • 1 Ultrasound Applications and Examination Techniques in Obstetrics
  • Minimum Equipment Requirements
  • Transvaginal Ultrasound
  • Abdominal Ultrasound
  • 2 Ultrasound Screening
  • Prenatal Care
  • Ultrasound Screening
  • Targeted Imaging in High-Risk Pregnancies
  • 3 Normal Early Pregnancy (First Trimester)
  • Pregnancy Dating
  • Technique of Transvaginal Ultrasound
  • Ultrasound Embryology
  • 4 Transvaginal Biometry and Gestational Age Assignment in the First Trimester
  • Biometry
  • Gestational Age Assignment
  • 5 Abnormalities of Early Pregnancy
  • Diagnostic Approach
  • Spontaneous Abortion
  • Molar Pregnancy and Choriocarcinoma
  • Ectopic Pregnancy
  • Less Common Forms of Ectopic Pregnancy
  • 6 Transvaginal Detection of Fetal Anomalies
  • Detection of Fetal Anomalies in the First Trimester
  • Detection of Fetal Anomalies in the Second and Third Trimesters
  • 7 Transvaginal Ultrasound of Maternal Disorders
  • Transvaginal Diagnosis of Uterine and Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy
  • Cervical Incompetence
  • Placental Localization in Placenta Previa
  • Evaluating the Postpartum Uterus
  • 8 Pelvimetry with Transvaginal Ultrasound
  • Cephalopelvic Disproportion
  • X-Ray Pelvimetry
  • Ultrasound Pelvimetry
  • Abdominal Ultrasound
  • 9 Normal Early Pregnancy, Biometry, and Gestational Age Assignment in the First Trimester
  • Basic Principles of Embryology
  • Pregnancy Detection by Abdominal Ultrasound
  • Development in the First Trimester
  • Biometry and Gestational Age Assignment in the First Trimester
  • Summary of Key Parameters
  • 10 Abnormalities in the First Trimester
  • Spontaneous Abortion
  • Early Pregnancy with an IUD in Place
  • Molar Pregnancy
  • Choriocarcinoma
  • Ectopic Pregnancy
  • Early Detection of Fetal Anomalies in the First Trimester
  • Adnexal Masses and Uterine Fibroids in Early Pregnancy
  • 11 Normal Ultrasound Anatomy of the Fetus in the Second and Third Trimesters
  • Head
  • Spinal Column
  • Neck Region
  • Thorax
  • Circulatory System (Fetal Circulation)
  • Heart
  • Abdomen
  • Urinary Tract, Adrenal Glands, and Pelvis
  • Genitalia
  • Limbs
  • 12 Fetal Biometry in the Second and Third Trimesters
  • Prerequisites
  • Basic Biometry
  • Extended Biometry (Organ Biometry)
  • 13 Gestational Age Assignment in the Second and Third Trimesters
  • Importance of Estimating Gestational Age
  • Curves for Estimating Gestational Age
  • 14 Fetal Weight Estimation
  • Importance of Fetal Weight Estimation
  • Normal Curves and Definitions
  • Ultrasound Estimation of Fetal Weight
  • 15 Fetal Behavior
  • Fetal Behavioral Patterns and States in Detail
  • Clinical Applications
  • Fetal Neurology
  • Conclusion
  • 16 Fetal Growth Disturbances in the Second and Third Trimesters
  • Error in Dates
  • Intrauterine Growth Retardation
  • Macrosomia, Macrocephaly
  • 17 Immune Fetal Hydrops Due to Rhesus Incompatibility
  • Occurrence, Pathogenesis, and Ultrasound Features
  • Diagnosis
  • Prognosis and Treatment
  • 18 Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis (NIHF)
  • Occurrence, Pathogenesis, and Ultrasound Features
  • Diseases Associated with NIHF
  • Diagnosis
  • Prognosis and Treatment
  • Fetal Ascites
  • 19 Intrauterine Fetal Death
  • Ultrasound Detection
  • Intrauterine Fetal Death in Multiple Pregnancy
  • Obstetric Management and Subsequent Pregnancy
  • Ultrasound Examination of Fetal Anomalies
  • 20 General Detection of Fetal Anomalies
  • Basic Principles
  • General Ultrasound Diagnosis of Fetal Anomalies
  • Implications of Suggestive Signs or a Detected Fetal Anomaly
  • 21 Anomalies of the Head
  • Neural Tube Defects
  • CNS Anomalies
  • Facial Anomalies
  • 22 Anomalies of the Neck
  • Neoplasms
  • Functional Impairment
  • Conclusion
  • 23 Spina Bifida
  • Occurrence, Pathogenesis, and Ultrasound Features
  • Ultrasound Forms
  • Diagnosis
  • Prognosis and Prenatal Management
  • 24 Thoracic Anomalies
  • Pulmonary Hypoplasia
  • Hydrothorax, Chylothorax
  • CCAM
  • Bronchogenic Cysts
  • Pulmonary Sequestration
  • Diaphragmatic Hernia
  • Pentalogy of Cantrell
  • 25 Anomalies and Diseases of the Fetal Heart
  • Epidemiology and Indications for Fetal Echocardiography
  • Prognosis of Cardiac Anomalies
  • From Symptom to Diagnosis
  • Specific Cardiac Anomalies and Diseases
  • Fetal Arrhythmias
  • 26 Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Anterior Abdominal Wall
  • Atresias
  • Meconium-Related Diseases
  • Situs Inversus
  • Ventral Abdominal Wall Defects
  • Ultrasound Abnormalities of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Spleen
  • 27 Anomalies and Diseases of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract
  • Embryology of the Kidneys
  • Incidence of Anomalies and Associated Anomalies
  • Ultrasound Survey
  • Diseases of the Kidneys
  • 28 Genital Anomalies
  • Genital Anomalies in the Male Fetus
  • Hermaphroditism
  • Genital Anomalies in the Female Fetus
  • 29 Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
  • 30 Anomalies of the Extremities
  • Osteochondrodysplasias (Skeletal Dysplasias)
  • Fatal Skeletal Dysplasias
  • Nonfatal Skeletal Dysplasias
  • Limb Defects
  • Positional Abnormalities or Restricted Motion of Fetal Limbs
  • 31 Disorders and Anomalies of the Skin
  • Cutaneous Edema
  • Cutaneous Tumors
  • Hyperechoic Focal Skin Changes
  • Bullous Skin Changes
  • Hyperkeratotic Skin Disorders
  • 32 General and Specific Ultrasound Suggestive Signs of Fetal Chromosome Abnormalities
  • General Suggestive Ultrasound Signs of Chromosomal Abnormalities
  • Specific Ultrasound Suggestive Signs of Chromosomal Abnormalities
  • Phenotypic Expression of Common Chromosomal Abnormalities
  • 33 Ultrasound Features of Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy
  • The Most Common Infectious Diseases
  • Differential Diagnosis of the Most Common Ultrasound Features of Infectious Diseases
  • Ultrasound of the Placenta, Umbilical Cord, and Amniotic Fluid
  • 34 Placenta
  • Normal Placenta
  • Placental Abnormalities
  • 35 Umbilical Cord
  • Normal Umbilical Cord
  • Abnormalities of the Umbilical Cord
  • 36 Amniotic Fluid
  • Physiology and Pathophysiology
  • Ultrasound Assessment of Amniotic Fluid Volume
  • Ultrasound in Multiple Pregnancy
  • 37 Multiple Pregnancies
  • Special Features of Multiple Pregnancies
  • Ultrasound of Multiple Pregnancy in the First Trimester
  • Ultrasound of Multiple Pregnancy in the Second and Third Trimesters
  • Summary of the Management of Multiple Pregnancies
  • Maternal Ultrasound
  • 38 Diagnosis of Maternal Disorders by Abdominal Ultrasound
  • Cervical Incompetence
  • Uterine Leiomyomas during Pregnancy
  • Pain during Pregnancy
  • Ultrasound Diagnosis of Symphyseal Distension during Pregnancy
  • 39 Abdominal Ultrasound in the Puerperium
  • Uterine Involution
  • Complications in the Puerperium
  • Follow-Up of Cesarean Section
  • Trauma to the Pelvic Floor
  • Doppler Ultrasound
  • 40 Basic Principles of Doppler Ultrasound
  • Historical Development
  • Basic Concepts
  • Doppler Techniques
  • Equipment-Related Factors that Affect the Doppler Spectrum
  • Effects of Examination Technique on the Doppler Spectrum
  • Newer Methods of Color Imaging
  • 41 Hemodynamic Evaluation of Early Pregnancy
  • Normal Early Pregnancy
  • Early Pregnancy Loss
  • 42 Uteroplacental Circulation
  • Development of the Uteroplacental Vascular System
  • Doppler Ultrasound of the Uteroplacental Vessels
  • Clinical Significance of Uterine Doppler Ultrasound
  • 43 Fetal Circulation
  • Aspects of Fetal Physiology
  • Doppler Ultrasound of the Arterial System
  • Indications for Doppler Ultrasound
  • 44 Perinatal Abnormalities and Fetal Outcome in Cases with Severely Abnormal Doppler-Flow Findings in the Umbilical Artery and Fetal Aorta
  • High-Risk Pregnancies
  • Absent End-Diastolic Flow and Reverse Flow
  • Pathoanatomic Changes and Technical Issues
  • Clinical Results of AEDF and RF in the Umbilical Artery and/or Fetal Aorta
  • Summary
  • 3-D Ultrasound
  • 45 3-D Ultrasound in Prenatal Diagnosis
  • Capabilities of 3-D Ultrasound
  • Technique of Transvaginal and Abdominal 3-D Ultrasound
  • Problems with 3-D Ultrasound
  • Critical Appraisal and Outlook
  • Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment in Pregnancy
  • 46 Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis
  • Amniocentesis
  • Chorionic Villus Sampling
  • Placental Biopsy in the Second and Third Trimesters
  • Cordocentesis
  • Percutaneous Procedures in the Fetus
  • Fetoscopy
  • Amnioinfusion
  • 47 Fetal Therapy and Treatment of Abnormal Amniotic Fluid Volume
  • Fetal Therapy
  • Treatment of Abnormal Amniotic Fluid Volume
  • Safety and Genetic and Ethical Aspects of Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis
  • 48 Safety Aspects of Diagnostic Ultrasound in Pregnancy
  • Historical Development
  • Risk Assessment for Various Ultrasound Procedures
  • Safety Indices
  • Conclusions and Recommendations
  • 49 Genetic Counseling for a Fetal Anomaly
  • Aims of Genetic Counseling
  • Counseling in Various Disorders
  • Conclusions
  • 50 Ethical Considerations in Obstetric Ultrasound
  • Value System
  • Principles
  • Prenatal Diagnosis
  • Prenatal Therapy and Medical Experimentation
  • Appendix
  • 51 Biometry Curves and Tables
  • Index