The Urban Ocean

Höfundar: Alan F. Blumberg; Michael S. Bruno (Útgáfa: 0)
The Urban Ocean

Kaup valmöguleikar

This book introduces the new discipline of urban oceanography, providing a deeper understanding of the physics of the coastal ocean in an urban setting. The authors explore how the coastal ocean impacts with the humans who live, work and play along its shores; and in turn how human activities impact the health and dynamics of the coastal ocean. Fundamental topics covered include: the governing dynamical equations; tidal and circulation processes; variation of salinity and freshwater fluxes; watershed pollutants; observing systems; and climate change.

Bridging the gaps between the fields of engineering, physical and social sciences, economics, and policy, this book is for anyone who wishes to learn about the physics, chemistry, and biology of coastal waters. It will support an introductory course on urban oceanography at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level, and will also prove invaluable as a reference text for researchers, professionals, coastal urban planners, and environmental engineers.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Cambridge University Press
ISBN
9781108129282
Print ISBN
9781107191990
Format
Page Fidelity (PDF)
Útgáfa
0
Höfundar
Alan F. Blumberg; Michael S. Bruno
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2018-11-01
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
10

Kaflar

  • Half-title
  • Title page
  • Copyright information
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • 1 Overview: People and Water
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 The Urban Ocean: A Definition
  • 1.3 The Urban Ocean: The Risks
  • 1.4 A Global Perspective
  • 2 Characteristics of Seawater
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Urban Ocean Properties
  • 2.3 Salinity
  • 2.4 Temperature
  • 2.5 Density
  • 2.6 Equation of State
  • 2.7 Sound in the Urban Ocean
  • 2.8 Light in the Urban Ocean
  • 2.9 Some Vocabulary
  • 3 Urban Ocean Characteristics
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 The Land–Ocean Boundary
  • 3.2.1 A Case Study in Complexity – the Hawaiian Islands
  • 3.3 The Land–Estuary Boundary
  • 3.3.1 A Case Study in Human-Altered Estuaries – the Hudson–Raritan Estuary
  • 4 Governing Dynamics
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Forces
  • 4.3 Lagrangian and Eulerian Perspectives
  • 4.4 Momentum Equations
  • 5 Mass, Salt, and Temperature ‘‘Conservation’’
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Conservation of Mass
  • 5.3 Conservation of Heat and Salt
  • 5.4 Knudsen Hydrographical ‘‘Theorem’’
  • 5.5 Residence Time
  • 6 Water Level Changes
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 The Tide
  • 6.2.1 Tidal Datums
  • 6.3 Atmospheric and Wind Effects on Water Level
  • 6.3.1 Storm Surges
  • 6.4 Tsunamis
  • 6.5 Emerging Opportunities
  • 7 Estuarine and Coastal Ocean Flows
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Estuarine Circulation
  • 7.3 Continental Shelf Circulation
  • 7.4 Coastal Upwelling and Downwelling
  • 7.5 Coastal Plumes and Fronts
  • 7.6 Transport of Pollutants
  • 8 Urban Meteorology
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Urban Air Basics
  • 8.3 Weather and Climate
  • 8.4 Scales of Motion
  • 8.5 Urban Boundary Layer
  • 8.6 The Urban Heat Island
  • 8.7 Wind Movements in the UBL
  • 8.8 Winds Over Land vs Over the Ocean
  • 8.9 Urban Hydrosphere
  • 8.10 The Future
  • 9 Coastal Processes and Shoreline Modification
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Coastal Wave Dynamics
  • 9.3 Properties of Sediments
  • 9.4 Physics of Sediment Motion
  • 9.5 Coastal Sediment Transport
  • 9.5.1 Cross-Shore Sediment Transport
  • 9.5.2 Along-Shore Sediment Transport
  • 9.5.3 Beach Erosion
  • 9.5.3.1 Short-Term Erosion
  • 9.5.3.2 Long-Term Erosion
  • 9.5.3.3 Impact of Sea Level Rise
  • 10 Marine Pollution
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Sources of Pollutants
  • 10.3 Nutrients
  • 10.4 Marine Debris
  • 10.5 Oil Spills
  • 10.6 Metals
  • 10.7 Pathogens
  • 10.8 Epilogue
  • Color Plates
  • 11 Coastal Extreme Events: The Risks and the Responses
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Extreme Events in Context
  • 11.2.1 Hurricane Sandy
  • 11.2.2 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami
  • 11.2.3 The Black Swan
  • 11.3 Response to Extreme Threats
  • 11.3.1 The Delta Plan
  • 11.3.2 The Thames Flood Barrier
  • 11.3.3 Venice
  • 11.4 Response to More Common Coastal Hazards
  • 11.4.1 Traditional Approaches to Coastal Hazards
  • 11.4.1.1 Structural Approaches
  • 11.4.1.2 Non-Structural Approaches
  • 11.4.2 Non-Traditional Approaches to Coastal Hazards
  • 11.5 Focus on the Community
  • 12 Coastal Ocean Observing Systems
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 A Bit of History
  • 12.3 Integrated Coastal Ocean Observing Systems
  • 12.3.1 The Measurement (Monitoring) Subsystem
  • 12.3.2 The Data Analysis-Modeling Subsystem
  • 12.3.3 The Data Management and Communications Subsystem
  • 12.3.4 A System of Systems
  • 12.4 Unmanned and Autonomous Sampling Systems
  • 12.5 Satellite-Based Observing Systems
  • 12.6 Future Challenges
  • 13 Climate Change
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Signs of Change
  • 13.3 Drivers of Climate Change
  • 13.4 Forecasting Future Climates
  • 13.5 A Warming Climate
  • 13.6 Precipitation Changes
  • 13.7 Sea Level Rise
  • 13.8 Extreme Events
  • 13.9 National Security Concerns
  • 13.10 Are there any Possible Benefits?
  • 14 Cities and Water: Building Resilience
  • 14.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 The Context of Change
  • 14.3 Designing for Resilience
  • 14.4 Global Initiatives to Support Resilient Communities
  • 14.5 What Is Next?
  • 14.5.1 Future Academic Programs
  • References
  • Index