The Opioid Epidemic
Höfundar:
Yngvild Olsen; Joshua M. Sharfstein (Útgáfa: 0)
Kaup valmöguleikar
The opioid epidemic is responsible for longest sustained decline in U. S. life expectancy since the time of World War I and the Great Influenza. In 2017, nearly 50,000 Americans died from an opioid overdose - with an estimated 2 million more living with opioid addiction every day. The Opioid Epidemic: What Everyone Needs to Know® is an accessible, nonpartisan overview of the causes, politics, and treatments tied to the most devastating health crisis of our time.
Its comprehensive approach and Q&A format offer readers a practical path to understanding the epidemic from all sides: the basic science of opioids; the nature of addiction; the underlying reasons for the opioid epidemic; effective approaches to helping individuals, families, communities, and national policy; and common myths related to opioid addiction. Written by two expert physicians and enriched with stories from their experiences in the crosshairs of this epidemic, this book is a critical resource for any general reader -- and for the individuals and families fighting this fight in their own lives.
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- Oxford University Press Academic US
- 9780190916053
- 9780190916022
- ePub
- 0
- Yngvild Olsen; Joshua M. Sharfstein
- English
- 2019-05-01
- 100
Kaflar
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Section 1: The Basics
- 1 The Basics of Opioids and Opioid Addiction
- What are opioids?
- How are opioids made?
- How do opioids affect the brain?
- How do opioids affect the body?
- What forms do opioids take?
- How do opioids differ from one another?
- What is tolerance to opioids?
- What is opioid withdrawal?
- What is physical dependence on opioids?
- What is opioid addiction?
- What is the stigma of addiction?
- Is there a cure for opioid addiction?
- Can the symptoms of opioid addiction improve without treatment?
- Is there effective treatment for opioid addiction?
- Is taking methadone or buprenorphine just “replacing one addiction for another”?
- How do opioids cause overdose?
- What is naloxone?
- What are remission and recovery?
- What is relapse?
- What is the opioid epidemic?
- What can be done to respond effectively to the opioid epidemic?
- Section 2: Individuals and Families
- 2 Use of Opioid Medications for Pain
- When is it appropriate for someone to receive opioids for pain?
- Should opioids be used for chronic, non-cancer pain?
- In what forms are opioid medications used for pain?
- Should people with a family history of addiction worry about taking opioids for pain?
- What should I discuss with my doctor before taking opioids for pain?
- Should I take an opioid medication if I am pregnant?
- What are the side effects of opioid medications for pain?
- Do all people who take opioids for pain develop an addiction?
- What are the signs of developing an addiction to opioid medications?
- How should my doctor monitor my use of opioids for pain?
- If I would like to reduce my use of opioid pain medications, what should I do?
- What are signs and symptoms of an overdose from opioid medications?
- Should I have naloxone on hand if I am taking an opioid medication for pain?
- Where should I store opioid medications at home?
- What should I do if I have opioid pills left over?
- Why do people keep unused opioids at home?
- 3 Misuse of Opioids
- What is misuse of opioids?
- What are the different ways people misuse opioids?
- What is fentanyl?
- How do people start misusing opioids?
- Why is opioid misuse linked to risky sexual behavior?
- Why do people misuse opioids with other substances?
- What can people who misuse opioids do to reduce their risks?
- 4 Opioid Addiction
- What causes opioid addiction?
- What is happening in the brain of someone with an opioid addiction?
- What are triggers?
- What are drug dreams?
- Is opioid addiction a disease?
- How do doctors diagnose opioid addiction?
- What are the consequences of opioid addiction?
- How long does opioid addiction last?
- Do people with addiction want to stop using opioids?
- 5 Opioid Overdose
- What affects the risk of opioid overdose?
- How can I tell if someone is experiencing an opioid overdose?
- What should I do if I suspect someone is experiencing an opioid overdose?
- What are the different forms of naloxone and how are they used?
- What happens after someone suffering an opioid overdose gets naloxone?
- Do I still need to call 911 if I have rescued someone with naloxone?
- How can I get naloxone?
- 6 Treatment for Opioid Addiction
- What are the goals of treatment for opioid addiction?
- What are effective ways to engage people with opioid addiction in treatment?
- What is remission?
- What is effective treatment for opioid addiction?
- When is the right time to start treatment for opioid addiction?
- How are the needs of someone with opioid addiction assessed?
- What is methadone?
- Does methadone make people sleepy?
- Can I take other medications with methadone?
- What are opioid treatment programs?
- What is buprenorphine?
- Why does buprenorphine come in a formulation mixed with naloxone?
- What is naltrexone?
- Which is the best medication to take for opioid addiction?
- How long should I take a medication for opioid addiction?
- Does evidence support the use of marijuana as an effective treatment for opioid addiction?
- Does evidence support the use of the botanical kratom as an effective treatment for opioid addiction?
- Does evidence support ibogaine as an effective treatment for opioid addiction?
- How is pain managed in someone being treated for opioid addiction?
- What is “detox”?
- What is the role of counseling and other mental health care in the treatment of opioid addiction?
- What is the role of peers in the treatment of opioid addiction?
- What is the role of a residential (inpatient) setting in the treatment of opioid addiction?
- What is the role of drug testing in the treatment of opioid addiction?
- What is the role of my primary care provider in the treatment of opioid addiction?
- What should I expect from my specialty addiction treatment provider?
- What should I expect from other clinicians in the healthcare system?
- What confidentiality protectionsexist for treatment for opioid addiction?
- 7 Opioids and Pregnancy
- What are the risks of opioid exposure during pregnancy?
- How is opioid addiction treated during pregnancy?
- Which medication is most effective for pregnant women with opioid addiction?
- What is neonatal abstinence syndrome?
- How is neonatal abstinence syndrome treated?
- Is a baby with neonatal abstinence syndrome “born addicted”?
- What are the long-term effects of opioid use during pregnancy?
- Should women who use opioids breastfeed?
- 8 Opioids and Teenagers
- How has the opioid epidemic in the United States affected teenagers?
- What are the characteristics of opioid addiction among teenagers?
- Is treatment effective for teenagers with opioid addiction?
- Should parents of teenagers who use opioids keep naloxone in the home?
- What should parents do in a crisis?
- Are there scams targeting parents of teenagers with addiction?
- 9 Opioids and Families
- What do I do if I suspect my family member is misusing opioids?
- How can I help connect my family member with opioid addiction to effective treatment?
- How can I tell if a treatment program is high quality?
- How can my family avoid residential treatment program scams?
- What is “enabling”?
- Does my family member first need to “hit rock bottom” before getting better?
- How can I cope with the stress of having a family member with opioid addiction?
- What is the role of home drug testing?
- How can I help a family member who is in recovery from opioid addiction?
- 10 Recovery from Opioid Addiction
- What is recovery from opioid addiction?
- What are 12-step programs?
- How can peers assist with recovery?
- What kinds of supports do people in recovery need?
- What is recovery housing?
- What are threats to recovery?
- How can addiction treatment providers support recovery?
- Section 3: Communities and Policy
- 11 A Historical Perspective on the Opioid Epidemic
- When did the opioid epidemic start?
- Why have historians called the opioid problem “The American Disease”?
- What led to the increase in prescriptions of opioids for pain from 1990 to 2010?
- What was the response to the overprescription of opioids?
- Have tighter regulations on opioid prescriptions contributed to a rise in use of heroin?
- What is the fentanyl crisis?
- What role has race played in the opioid epidemic?
- 12 Prevention Policy for the Opioid Epidemic
- How can communities prevent opioid addiction?
- Does reducing the excessive prescribing of opioids prevent opioid addiction?
- What are prescription drug monitoring programs?
- What are take-back days?
- What can the US Food and Drug Administration do to prevent opioid addiction?
- Do “abuse-deterrent” formulation of opioids work?
- What other technologies are under development to prevent misuse of opioid pain medications?
- What is the role of marijuana in preventing opioid addiction?
- Can policies go too far in restricting opioid prescribing?
- How can communities support resilience and create a healthy environment to prevent opioid addiction?
- 13 Treatment and Recovery Policy for the Opioid Epidemic
- How important is broad access to effective treatment for opioid addiction?
- What are the elements of a robust treatment system?
- Should hospital emergency departments start treatment for opioid addiction?
- Where else should people with opioid addiction be able to start treatment?
- Do gaps in payment and insurance coverage limit access to opioid addiction treatment?
- What happens when the treatment system falls short in providing access to effective care?
- Why are there so few robust treatment systems for opioid addiction in the United States?
- What is “not in my backyard” syndrome?
- Why is there resistance in some minority communities to addiction treatment programs?
- Can treatment expansions backfire?
- How can a robust treatment system support pregnant women with opioid addiction?
- What is the controversy over forcing people with opioid addiction into treatment?
- What is the role of communities in supporting people in treatment and recovery?
- 14 Harm Reduction Policy for the Opioid Epidemic
- What is harm reduction?
- What are naloxone distribution programs?
- What is the case for making naloxone available without a prescription?
- What are good samaritan laws?
- What are syringe services programs?
- What are the controversies over how syringe services programs are managed?
- What is drug checking?
- What are overdose prevention sites?
- What is the medical use of heroin?
- What limits the expansion of harm reduction programs in the United States?
- 15 Criminal Justice Policy and the Opioid Epidemic
- What is the war on drugs?
- Has the war on drugs failed?
- What is the role of race in the war on drugs?
- Is the war on drugs over?
- How can police departments address the opioid epidemic?
- How can jails and prisons address the opioid epidemic?
- Why don’t more jails and prisons offer access to opioid addiction treatment?
- What are drug courts?
- What can the United States learn from other countries’ approaches to criminal justice policy?
- 16 Surveillance, Evaluation, and Research and the Opioid Epidemic
- How well is the United States tracking the opioid epidemic?
- What trends related to the opioid epidemic are most useful to monitor?
- What other trends make sense to track?
- What is the role of evaluation in assessing the response to the opioid epidemic?
- What are some of the most promising areas of current research related to opioids and opioid addiction?
- What are the challenges to moving research discoveries quickly into practice?
- 17 What To Do for the Opioid Epidemic
- What can the addiction field do to address the opioid epidemic?
- What can others in the healthcare system do?
- What can the criminal justice system do?
- What can litigation do?
- What can local communities do?
- What can cities and counties do?
- What can states do?
- What can the federal government do?
- What can individuals and families do?
- Appendix 1: Definitions of Addiction
- Appendix 2: Non-Stigmatizing Preferred Language
- Appendix 3: Definitions of Recovery
- Appendix 4: Examples of Pharmaceutical Opioids Available in the United States, December 2018
- Appendix 5: Diagnostic Criteria for Opioid Use Disorder
- Appendix 6: Recovery Organizations (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
- Notes
- Index