The Glorious Geology of Iceland's Golden Circle

Höfundur: Agust Gudmundsson (Útgáfa: 0)
The Glorious Geology of Iceland's Golden Circle

Kaup valmöguleikar

This is the first book describing the glorious geology of Iceland’s Golden Circle and four additional excursions:(1) the beautiful valleys and mountains of the fjord of Hvalfjördur, (2) the unique landscape and geothermal fields of the Hengill Volcano, (3) the explosion craters, volcanic fissures, and lava fields of the Reykjanes Peninsula, and (4) the volcanoes (Hekla, Eyjafjallajökull, Katla), waterfalls, sandur plains, and rock columns of South Iceland.

The Golden Circle offers a unique opportunity to observe and understand many of our planet’s forces in action. These forces move the Earth’s tectonic plates, rupture the crust, and generate earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, channels for rivers and waterfalls, and heat sources for hot springs and geysers. The Golden Circle includes the famous rifting and earthquake fracture sites at Thingvellir, the hot springs of the Geysir area, the waterfall of Gullfoss, and the Kerid volcanic crater.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Springer Nature
ISBN
9783319551524
Print ISBN
9783319551517
Format
Page Fidelity (PDF)
Útgáfa
0
Höfundar
Agust Gudmundsson
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2017-05-25
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • Contents
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Keflavik to Reykjavik
  • 3 Reykjavik
  • 4 Reykjavik to Thingvellir (Þingvellir)
  • 4.1 Esja—Spreading Rate and Structure
  • 4.2 Magma Chamber and Collapse Caldera
  • 4.3 Subsiding Crustal Segment—A Graben
  • 5 Thingvellir (Þingvellir)
  • 5.1 Almannagja (Almannagjá)
  • 5.2 Peningagja and Flosagja (Peningagjá and Flosagjá)
  • 5.3 How Do the Fractures Form?
  • 5.4 How Deep Are the Fractures?
  • 5.5 When Will the Next Eruption Occur?
  • 6 Thingvellir (Þingvellir) to Geysir
  • 6.1 Hrafnagja (Hrafnagjá)
  • 6.2 Botnsulur and Armannsfell (Botnsúlur and Ármannsfell)
  • 6.3 Hrafnabjörg Table Mountain
  • 6.4 Skjaldbreidur (Skjaldbreiður) Lava Shield
  • 6.5 Laugarvatnshellar and Hyaloclastites
  • 6.6 The Importance of Power Laws in Natural (and Human) Processes
  • 6.7 Pillow Lavas
  • 7 Geysir
  • 7.1 Mechanism of Eruption
  • 7.2 Geothermal Fields
  • 7.3 Geysers and Earthquakes
  • 7.4 Heat Sources
  • 8 Gullfoss
  • 8.1 Why Has Gullfoss Two Oblique Steps?
  • 8.2 How Did the Canyon Evolve?
  • 9 Gullfoss-Kerid (Kerið)-Reykjavik
  • 9.1 Earthquake Faults and Mountain Shapes
  • 9.2 Pit Crater
  • 9.3 Rockfalls and Earthquakes
  • 9.4 Lava Erupted in the Year 1000
  • 9.5 The Youngest Lava Flow to Have Entered Reykjavik
  • 10 Other One-Day Geological Excursions from Reykjavik
  • 11 Reykjavik-Hvalfjördur (Hvalfjörður)
  • 11.1 Magma Transport Inside a Volcano
  • 11.2 Volcanic Systems and Dike Swarms
  • 11.3 Sandpit, Secondary Minerals, and Dike Propagation
  • 11.4 Difference Between Eruptive Fractures (Dikes) and Earthquake Fractures (Faults)
  • 11.5 Landscapes, Landforms, and the Hvalfjördur Volcano
  • 11.6 What Does the Thingvellir Graben Look like at Great Depth?
  • 11.7 Vertical Section Through Two Lava Shields
  • 11.8 Table Mountain Hvalfell
  • 12 Reykjavik-Hengill
  • 12.1 Hyaloclastite Ridge
  • 12.2 Feeder-Dike
  • 12.3 Geology of Hengill—Overview
  • 12.4 Geothermy
  • 12.5 The Nesjahraun Lava
  • 12.6 Major Faults
  • 13 Reykjavik-Kleifarvatn-Reykjanes
  • 13.1 Lava Channels
  • 13.2 Sveifluhals (Sveifluháls) and Kleifarvatn
  • 13.3 Kleifarvatn—Controlled by Fractures
  • 13.4 Fracture Sets and Volcanic Eruptions
  • 13.5 The Structure of Sveifluhals (Sveifluháls)
  • 13.6 Deformation Bands and Fluid Flow
  • 13.7 Geothermal Fields
  • 13.8 Explosion Craters—Maars
  • 13.9 Table Mountain Cut in Half
  • 13.10 Young Lava Flow and a Graben
  • 13.11 Volcanic Fissure and Flow Channelling
  • 13.12 Reykjanes—Lava Shields and Lava Fields
  • 13.13 An 800-Year-Old Fissure Eruption
  • 13.14 Details of 800-Year-Old Feeder and Non-feeder Dikes
  • 13.15 Bridge Between Two Continents
  • 14 Reykjavik-Eyjafjallajökull-Reynisfjara
  • 14.1 Largest Lava Flow Erupted on Earth in the Past 10 Thousand Years
  • 14.2 Earthquake Fractures from the Year 2000
  • 14.3 Hekla Volcano
  • 14.4 Seljalandsfoss Waterfall
  • 14.5 Eyjafjallajökull Volcano—Internal Structure and the 2010 Eruptions
  • 14.6 Skogarfoss (Skógarfoss) Waterfall
  • 14.7 Petursey (Pétursey)—An Island on Dry Land
  • 14.8 A Village Threatened by the Eruptions of the Katla Volcano
  • 14.9 Myrdalssandur (Mýrdalssandur)
  • 14.10 How Large Are the Outburst Floods?
  • 14.11 Katla Volcano
  • 14.12 The Beach of Reynisfjara
  • Glossary
  • References and Further Reading
  • Index