Talaro's Foundations in Microbiology Basic Principles ISE

Name: Talaro's Foundations in Microbiology Basic Principles ISE
Price: 5100 ISK
Availability: InStock
Author: Barry Chess
ISBN: 9781265515973

Höfundur: Barry Chess (Útgáfa: 13)

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Útgefandi: McGraw-Hill Higher Education (International)

ISBN: 9781265515973

Print ISBN: 9781265371555

Format: ePub

Útgáfa: 13

Höfundar: Barry Chess

Tungumál: English

Útgefið: 2026-02-03

Prent takmörkun á líftíma: 100

Prent takmörkun: 2

Afritunar takmörkun: 2

Flokkar: Náttúruvísindi

Efnisflokkar: Vísindi › Veirufræði

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Table of Contents and Preface
Cover Page
Title Page
Basic Principles
Copyright Information
Brief Contents
About the Author
Dedication
Connect
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Designed for Today’s Students
Art and organization of content make this book unique
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Changes to Foundations in Microbiology, 2026 Release
Changes to the 2026 Release
Chapter 1
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Acknowledgments
To the Student
Contents
Chapter 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 The Scope of Microbiology
1.2 General Characteristics of Microorganisms and Their Roles in the Earth’s Environments
The Origins and Dominance of Microorganisms
The Cellular Organization of Microorganisms
Noncellular Pathogenic Particles—Viruses and Prions
Microbial Dimensions: How Small Is Small?
Microbial Involvement in Energy and Nutrient Flow
1.3 Human Use of Microorganisms
1.4 Microbial Roles in Infectious Diseases
The Changing Specter of Infectious Diseases
Microbial Roles in Noninfectious Diseases
1.5 The Historical Foundations of Microbiology
The Development of the Microscope: Seeing Is Believing
The Scientific Method and the Search for Knowledge
The Development of Medical Microbiology
1.6 Taxonomy: Organizing, Classifying, and Naming Microorganisms
The Levels of Classification
Assigning Scientific Names
1.7 The Origin and Evolution of Microorganisms
All Life Is Related and Connected through Evolution
Systems for Presenting a Universal Tree of Life
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Biology
Chapter 2 Introduction
2.1 Atoms: Fundamental Building Blocks of All Matter in the Universe
Different Types of Atoms: Elements and Their Properties
The Major Elements of Life and Their Primary Characteristics
2.2 Bonds and Molecules
Covalent Bonds: Molecules with Shared Electrons
Ionic Bonds: Electron Transfer among Atoms
Electron Transfer and Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
2.3 Chemical Reactions, Solutions, and pH
Formulas, Models, and Equations
Solutions: Homogeneous Mixtures of Molecules
Acidity, Alkalinity, and the pH Scale
2.4 The Chemistry of Carbon and Organic Compounds
Functional Groups of Organic Compounds
Organic Macromolecules: Superstructures of Life
2.5 Molecules of Life: Carbohydrates
The Nature of Carbohydrate Bonds
The Functions of Carbohydrates in Cells
2.6 Molecules of Life: Lipids
Membrane Lipids
Miscellaneous Lipids
2.7 Molecules of Life: Proteins
Protein Structure and Diversity
2.8 Nucleic Acids: A Program for Genetics
The Double Helix of DNA
Making New DNA: Passing on the Genetic Message
RNA: Organizers of Protein Synthesis
ATP: The Energy Molecule of Cells
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 3: Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms
Chapter 3 Introduction
3.1 Methods of Microbial Investigation
3.2 The Microscope: Window on an Invisible Realm
Magnification and Microscope Design
Variations on the Optical Microscope
Electron Microscopy
3.3 Preparing Specimens for Optical Microscopes
Fresh, Living Preparations
Fixed, Stained Smears
3.4 Additional Features of the Six “I”s
Inoculation, Growth, and Identification of Cultures
Isolation Techniques
Identification Techniques
3.5 Media: The Foundations of Culturing
Types of Media
Physical States of Media
Chemical Content of Media
Media to Suit Every Function
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 4: A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms
Chapter 4 Introduction
4.1 Basic Characteristics of Cells and Life Forms
What Is Life?
4.2 Prokaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria and Archaea
The Structure of a Generalized Bacterial Cell
Cell Extensions and Surface Structures
Biofilms
4.3 The Cell Envelope: The Outer Boundary Layer of Bacteria
Basic Types of Cell Envelopes
Structure of Cell Walls
The Cell Wall and Infections
Mycoplasmas and Other Cell Wall–Deficient Bacteria
Cell Membrane Structure
4.4 Bacterial Internal Structure
Contents of the Cytoplasm
Bacterial Endospores: An Extremely Resistant Life Form
4.5 Archaea: The Oldest Cells
4.6 Bacterial Shapes, Arrangements, and Sizes
4.7 Classification Systems of Prokaryotic Domains: Archaea and Bacteria
Prokaryotic Taxonomy: A Work in Progress
4.8 Survey of Prokaryotic Groups with Unusual Characteristics
Free-Living Nonpathogenic Bacteria
Unusual Forms of Medically Significant Bacteria
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 5: A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms
Chapter 5 Introduction
5.1 The History of Eukaryotes
5.2 Form and Function of the Eukaryotic Cell: External Structures
Locomotor Appendages: Cilia and Flagella
The Glycocalyx
Form and Function of the Eukaryotic Cell: Boundary Structures
5.3 Form and Function of the Eukaryotic Cell: Internal Structures
The Nucleus: The Control Center
Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Passageway and Production System for Eukaryotes
Golgi Apparatus: A Packaging Machine
Mitochondria: Energy Generators of the Cell
Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis Machines
Ribosomes: Protein Synthesizers
The Cytoskeleton: A Support Network
5.4 Eukaryotic-Prokaryotic Comparisons and Taxonomy of Eukaryotes
Overview of Taxonomy
5.5 The Kingdom Fungi
Fungal Nutrition
Organization of Microscopic Fungi
Reproductive Strategies and Spore Formation
Fungal Classification
Fungal Identification and Cultivation
Fungi in Medicine, Nature, and Industry
5.6 Survey of Protists: Algae
The Algae: Photosynthetic Protists
5.7 Survey of Protists: Protozoa
Protozoan Form and Function
Protozoan Identification and Cultivation
Important Protozoan Pathogens
5.8 The Parasitic Helminths
General Worm Morphology
Life Cycles and Reproduction
A Helminth Cycle: The Pinworm
Helminth Classification and Identification
Distribution and Importance of Parasitic Worms
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 6: An Introduction to Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Chapter 6 Introduction
6.1 Overview of Viruses
Early Searches for the Tiniest Microbes
The Position of Viruses in the Biological Spectrum
6.2 The General Structure of Viruses
Size Range
Viral Components: Capsids, Nucleic Acids, and Envelopes
6.3 How Viruses Are Classified and Named
6.4 Modes of Viral Multiplication
Multiplication Cycles in Animal Viruses
Persistent Viral Infection and Viral Integration
Phage Therapy and Oncolytic Virus Therapy
6.5 The Multiplication Cycle in Bacteriophages
Lysogeny: The Silent Virus Infection
6.6 Techniques in Cultivating and Identifying Animal Viruses
Using Cell (Tissue) Culture Techniques
Using Bird Embryos
Using Live Animal Inoculation
6.7 Viral Infection, Detection, and Treatment
6.8 Prions and Other Nonviral Infectious Particles
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 7: Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth
Chapter 7 Introduction
7.1 Microbial Nutrition
Chemical Analysis of Cell Contents
Forms, Sources, and Functions of Essential Nutrients
7.2 Classification of Nutritional Types
Autotrophs and Their Energy Sources
Heterotrophs and Their Energy Sources
7.3 Transport: Movement of Substances across the Cell Membrane
Diffusion and Molecular Motion
The Diffusion of Water: Osmosis
Adaptations to Osmotic Variations in the Environment
The Movement of Solutes across Membranes
Active Transport: Bringing in Molecules against a Gradient
Endocytosis: Eating and Drinking by Cells
7.4 Environmental Factors That Influence Microbes
Adaptations to Temperature
Gas Requirements
Effects of pH
Osmotic Pressure
Miscellaneous Environmental Factors
7.5 Ecological Associations among Microorganisms
Symbiotic and Non-Symbiotic Associations
Biofilms—A Microbial Conversation
Microbiota—Our Human Ecology
7.6 The Study of Microbial Growth
The Basis of Population Growth: Binary Fission and the Bacterial Cell Cycle
The Rate of Population Growth
Determinants of Population Growth
Other Methods of Analyzing Population Growth
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life
Chapter 8 Introduction
8.1 An Introduction to Metabolism and Enzymes
Enzymes: Catalyzing the Chemical Reactions of Life
Regulation of Enzymatic Activity and Metabolic Pathways
8.2 The Pursuit and Utilization of Energy
Cell Energetics
8.3 Pathways of Bioenergetics
Catabolism: An Overview of Nutrient Breakdown and Energy Release
Energy Strategies in Microorganisms
Aerobic Respiration
Pyruvic Acid—A Central Metabolite
The Krebs Cycle—A Carbon and Energy Wheel
The Respiratory Chain: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Summary of Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
8.4 The Importance of Fermentation
Products of Fermentation in Microorganisms
8.5 Biosynthesis and the Crossing Pathways of Metabolism
The Frugality of the Cell—Waste Not, Want Not
Assembly of the Cell
8.6 Photosynthesis: The Earth’s Lifeline
Light-Dependent Reactions
Light-Independent Reactions
Other Mechanisms of Photosynthesis
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 9: An Introduction to Microbial Genetics
Chapter 9 Introduction
9.1 Introduction to Genetics and Genes: Unlocking the Secrets of Heredity
The Nature of the Genetic Material
The Structure of DNA: A Double Helix with Its Own Language
DNA Replication: Preserving the Code and Passing It On
9.2 Applications of the DNA Code: Transcription and Translation
The Major Participants in Transcription and Translation
Transcription: The First Stage of Gene Expression
Translation: The Second Stage of Gene Expression
Eukaryotic Transcription and Translation: Similar yet Different
9.3 Genetic Regulation of Protein Synthesis and Metabolism
The Lactose Operon: A Model for Inducible Gene Regulation in Bacteria
A Repressible Operon
RNA and Gene Expression
9.4 Mutations: Changes in the Genetic Code
Causes of Mutations
Categories of Mutations
Repair of Mutations
The Ames Test
Positive and Negative Effects of Mutations
9.5 DNA Recombination Events
Transmission of Genetic Material in Bacteria
9.6 The Genetics of Animal Viruses
Replication Strategies in Animal Viruses
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 10: Genetic Engineering and Genetic Analysis
Chapter 10 Introduction
10.1 Elements and Applications of Genetic Engineering
Tools and Techniques of DNA Technology
10.2 Recombinant DNA Technology: How to Imitate Nature
Technical Aspects of Recombinant DNA and Gene Cloning
Construction of a Recombinant, Insertion into a Cloning Host, and Genetic Expression
Protein Products of Recombinant DNA Technology
10.3 Genetically Modified Organisms and Other Applications
Recombinant Microbes: Modified Bacteria and Viruses
Recombination in Multicellular Organisms
Medical Applications of Genetic Technology
10.4 Genome Analysis: DNA Profiling and Genetic Testing
DNA Profiling: A Unique Picture of a Genome
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 11: Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control
Chapter 11 Introduction
11.1 Controlling Microorganisms
General Considerations in Microbial Control
Relative Resistance of Microbial Forms
Terminology and Methods of Microbial Control
What Is Microbial Death?
How Antimicrobial Agents Work: Their Modes of Action
11.2 Physical Methods of Control: Heat
Effects of Temperature on Microbial Activities
The Effects of Cold and Desiccation
11.3 Physical Methods of Control: Radiation and Filtration
Radiation as a Microbial Control Agent
Modes of Action of Ionizing versus Nonionizing Radiation
Ionizing Radiation: Gamma Rays and X-Rays
Nonionizing Radiation: Ultraviolet Rays
Filtration—A Physical Removal Process
11.4 Chemical Agents in Microbial Control
Choosing a Microbicidal Chemical
Factors That Affect the Germicidal Activities of Chemical Agents
Categories of Chemical Agents
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 12: Drugs, Microbes, Host—The Elements of Chemotherapy
Chapter 12 Introduction
12.1 Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
The Origins of Antimicrobial Drugs
Interactions between Drugs and Microbes
12.2 Survey of Major Antimicrobial Drug Groups
Antibacterial Drugs That Act on the Cell Wall
Antibiotics That Damage Bacterial Cell Membranes
Drugs That Act on DNA or RNA
Drugs That Interfere with Protein Synthesis
Drugs That Block Metabolic Pathways
12.3 Drugs to Treat Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Infections
Antifungal Drugs
Antiparasitic Chemotherapy
Antiviral Chemotherapeutic Agents
12.4 Interactions between Microbes and Drugs: The Acquisition of Drug Resistance
How Does Drug Resistance Develop?
Specific Mechanisms of Drug Resistance
Natural Selection and Drug Resistance
12.5 Interactions between Drugs and Hosts
Toxicity to Organs
Allergic Responses to Drugs
Suppression and Alteration of the Microbiota by Antimicrobials
12.6 The Process of Selecting an Antimicrobial Drug
Identifying the Agent
Testing for the Drug Susceptibility of Microorganisms
The MIC and the Therapeutic Index
Patient Factors in Choosing an Antimicrobial Drug
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 13: Microbe–Human Interactions: Infection, Disease, and Epidemiology
Chapter 13 Introduction
13.1 We Are Not Alone
Contact, Colonization, Infection, Disease
The Human Microbiome: A Superorganism
Indigenous Microbiota of Specific Regions
Colonizers of the Human Skin
Microbial Residents of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Inhabitants of the Respiratory Tract
Microbiota of the Genitourinary Tract
13.2 Major Factors in the Development of an Infection
Becoming Established: Phase 1—Portals of Entry
The Requirement for an Infectious Dose
Attaching to the Host: Phase 2
Invading the Host and Becoming Established: Phase 3
13.3 The Outcomes of Infection and Disease
The Stages of Clinical Infections
Patterns of Infection
Signs and Symptoms: Warning Signals of Disease
The Portal of Exit: Vacating the Host
The Persistence of Microbes and Pathologic Conditions
13.4 Epidemiology: The Study of Disease in Populations
Origins and Transmission Patterns of Infectious Microbes
The Acquisition and Transmission of Infectious Agents
13.5 The Work of Epidemiologists: Investigation and Surveillance
Epidemiological Statistics: Frequency of Cases
R0: A Measure of Spread
Investigative Strategies of the Epidemiologist
Hospital Epidemiology and Healthcare-Associated Infections
Standard Blood and Body Fluid Precautions
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 14: An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities
Chapter 14 Introduction
14.1 Overview of Host Defense Mechanisms
Barriers at the Portal of Entry: An Inborn First Line of Defense
14.2 Structure and Function of the Organs of Defense and Immunity
How Do White Blood Cells Carry Out Recognition and Surveillance?
Compartments and Connections of the Immune System
14.3 Second-Line Defenses: Inflammation
The Inflammatory Response: A Complex Concert of Reactions to Injury
The Stages of Inflammation
14.4 Second-Line Defenses: Cells and Messengers
Phagocytosis: Ingestion and Destruction by White Blood Cells
Interferon: Antiviral Cytokines and Immune Stimulants
Antimicrobial Peptides and Host Restriction Factors: Protective Proteins
Complement: A Versatile Backup System
An Outline of Major Host Defenses
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 15: Adaptive, Specific Immunity, and Immunization
Chapter 15 Introduction
15.1 Specific Immunities: The Adaptive Line of Defense
An Overview of Specific Immune Responses
Development of the Immune Response System
Specific Events in T-Cell Maturation
Specific Events in B-Cell Maturation
15.2 The Nature of Antigens and Antigenicity
Characteristics of Antigens and Immunogens
15.3 Immune Reactions to Antigens and the Activities of T Cells
The Role of Antigen Processing and Presentation
T-Cell Responses and Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI)
15.4 Immune Activities of B Cells
Events in B-Cell Responses
Monoclonal Antibodies: Specificity in the Extreme
15.5 A Classification Scheme for Specific, Acquired Immunities
Defining Categories by Mode of Acquisition
15.6 Immunization: Providing Immune Protection through Therapy
Artificial Passive Immunization
Artificial Active Immunity: Vaccination
Development of New Vaccines
Routes of Administration and Side Effects of Vaccines
To Vaccinate: Why, Whom, and When?
Vaccine Protection: Magical but Not Magic
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 16: Disorders in Immunity
Chapter 16 Introduction
16.1 The Immune Response: A Two-Sided Coin
Overreactions to Antigens: Allergy/Hypersensitivity
16.2 Allergic Reactions: Atopy and Anaphylaxis
Modes of Contact with Allergens
The Nature of Allergens and Their Portals of Entry
Mechanisms of Allergy: Sensitization and Provocation
Mediators, Target Organs, and Allergic Symptoms
Specific Diseases Associated with IgE- and Mast-Cell-Mediated Allergy
Anaphylaxis: A Powerful Systemic Reaction to Allergens
Diagnosis of Allergy
Treatment and Prevention of Allergy
16.3 Type II Hypersensitivities: Reactions that Lyse Foreign Cells
The Basis of Human ABO Antigens and Blood Types
Antibodies against A and B Antigens
The Rh Factor and Its Clinical Importance
16.4 Type III Hypersensitivities: Immune Complex Reactions
Mechanisms of Immune Complex Diseases
Types of Immune Complex Disease
16.5 Immunopathologies Involving T Cells
Type IV Delayed Hypersensitivity
T Cells in Relation to Organ Transplantation
Practical Examples of Transplantation
16.6 Autoimmune Diseases: An Attack on Self
Genetic and Sex Correlation in Autoimmune Disease
The Origins of Autoimmune Disease
Examples of Autoimmune Disease
16.7 Immunodeficiency Diseases and Cancer: Compromised Immune Responses
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases
The Role of the Immune System in Cancer
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Chapter 17: Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections
Chapter 17 Introduction
17.1 An Overview of Clinical Microbiology
Phenotypic Methods
Genotypic Methods
Immunologic Methods
On the Track of the Infectious Agent: Specimen Collection
17.2 Phenotypic Methods
Immediate Direct Examination of Specimen
Cultivation of Specimen
17.3 Genotypic Methods
DNA Analysis Using Genetic Probes
Roles of the Polymerase Chain Reaction in Identification
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Ribosomal Analysis
17.4 Immunologic Methods
General Features of Immune Testing
Agglutination and Precipitation Reactions
The Western Blot for Detecting Proteins
Complement Fixation
Point-of-Care and Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Miscellaneous Serological Tests
Fluorescent Antibody and Immunofluorescent Testing
17.5 Immunoassays: Tests with High Sensitivity
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
17.6 Viruses as a Special Diagnostic Case
Chapter Summary with Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge: Level I
Developing a Concept Inventory
Case Study Analysis
On the Test
Writing Challenge
Concept Mapping
Application, Analysis, Evaluation, and Synthesis: Level II
Critical Thinking
Visual Assessment
Appendix A: Detailed Steps in the Glycolysis Pathway
Appendix A
Detailed Steps in the Glycolysis Pathway
Appendix B: Tests and Guidelines
Appendix B
Tests and Guidelines
Appendix C: General Classification Techniques and Taxonomy of Bacteria
Appendix C
General Classification Techniques and Taxonomy of Bacteria
Appendix D: Answers to End of Chapter Questions
Appendix D
Answers to End of Chapter Questions
Online Appendix 1: An Introduction to Concept Mapping
An Introduction to Concept Mapping
Online Appendix 2: Significant Events in Microbiology
Significant Events in Microbiology
Online Appendix 3: Exponents
Exponents
Converting Numbers to Exponent Form
Rounding Off Numbers
Negative Exponents
Online Appendix 4: Classification of Major Microbial Disease Agents by System Affected, Site of Infection, and Routes of Transmission
Classification of Major Microbial Disease Agents by System Affected, Site of Infection, and Routes of Transmission
Glossary
Glossary
Index
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Accessibility Content: Extended Descriptions for Images
Every learner is unique Graphic Extended Description (FM)
Designed for Today’s Students Graphic Extended Description (FM)
CRISPR-Cas9 Graphic Extended Description (FM)
Process Figures Graphic Extended Description (FM)
Process Figure 17.6 Extended Description (FM)
Learn and Practice Graphic Extended Description (FM)
Pathogen Profiles Graphic Extended Description (FM)
Making Connections Graphic Extended Description (FM)
Quick Search Graphic Extended Description (FM)
Combination Figures Graphic Extended Description (FM)
The Origin and Evolution of Microorganisms Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.1 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.2 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.3 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.4 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.7 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
The Acclaimed Microbiologist Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.9 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.12 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.13 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.14 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Bonds and Molecules Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.1 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.2 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.3 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.4 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.5 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.6 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.7 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.8 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.9 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.10 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.12 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.13 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.14 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.15 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Phosphate Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.16 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.17 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.18 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.19 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.20 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.21 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.22 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.23 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Process Figure 2.24 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.25 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.26 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.27 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.28 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.29 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 3.1 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.3 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.5 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.6 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Fresh, Living Preparations Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.9 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
The Gram Stain: Step One Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.10 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.11 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.13 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.15 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.16 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.19 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Visual Assessment Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Basic Characteristics of Cells and Life Forms Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 4)
The Cell Envelope Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.1 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
The General Structural Plan Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.2 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.3 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.5 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.6 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.7 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.11 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Process Figure 4.12 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.13 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.14 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.15 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.17 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.19 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.21 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Process Figure 4.22 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.25 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.26 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.27 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.28 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.29 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Writing Challenge Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Process Figure 5.2 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
The Cells of Eukaryotic Organisms Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.3 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.4 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.5 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.6 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Process Figure 5.7 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.8 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.9 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.10 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.11b Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.12 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.13 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.14 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.15c Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.16a, c Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.17a Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.18 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.19 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.20 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.21 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.22 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.23a Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.24a Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.25c Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.27 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.29 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.30 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.31 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 6.1 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.2 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Flowchart Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.4 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.6 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.7a-c Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.9 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.10 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Types of Diseases Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Process Figure 6.11 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.12b Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Process Figure 6.13 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.14 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Process Figure 6.16 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.17 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.19 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.20b Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Process Figure 6.21 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 7.3 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.5 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.7 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.8 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.9 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.13 Part 1—Symbiosis: A Shared Existence Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.13 Part 2—Additional Microbial Adaptations Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Process Figure 7.14 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.17 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.18 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.19 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.20b Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.21 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.22 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Direction of Osmosis Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 7)
The Population at Points Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Visual Assessment Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 7)
An Introduction to Metabolism and Enzymes Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Pathways of Bioenergetics Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
The Importance of Fermentation Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Photosynthesis: The Earth’s Lifeline Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.1 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Enzymes as Biochemical Levers Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
A Different Kind of Catalyst Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.2 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.3 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.4 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.5 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.6 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.7 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.8 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.9 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.10 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Process Figure 8.11 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Redox Reactions in Cells Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.12 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.13 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
The Metabolic Roles of ATP Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.14 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.15 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.16 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Process Figure 8.17 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.18 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Process Figure 8.19 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.20 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.21 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.22 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.23 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Pasteur and the Wine-to-Vinegar Mystery Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.24 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.25 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.26 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.27 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.28 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.29 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Critical Thinking Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Visual Assessment Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Introduction to Genetics and Genes Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 9)
The Major Participants in Transcription and Translation Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 9)
DNA Recombination Events Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.1 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.2 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.4 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.5 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.6 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.7 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.8 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.9 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Process Figure 9.10 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.11 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.12 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.13 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Process Figure 9.14 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.15 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.16 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.17 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Process Figure 9.18 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.19 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.20 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Process Figure 9.21 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Process Figure 9.22 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.23 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.24 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.25 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Process Figure 9.26 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.27 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.28 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Process Figure 9.29 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Process Figure 9.30 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.31 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Process Figure 9.32 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Process Figure 9.33 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Label Each Part of the Illustration Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Examine Process Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Elements and Applications of Genetic Engineering Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Genome Analysis Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.1 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Enzymes for Manipulating DNA Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.2 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.3 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.4 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.5 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.6 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.7 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Process Figure 10.8 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.9 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.10 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Process Figure 10.11 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
A Moment to Think Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.13 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.15 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Process Figure 10.16 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Process Figure 10.17 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.18 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Unrelated DNA Paternity Tests Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 10)
The Original Transformation Experiment Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 11.2 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.3 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.5 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.6 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.7 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.8 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.9 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.13 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.16 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.17 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
A Cell Membrane Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 12.1 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.2 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Table 12.5 Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.3 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.4 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.5 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.6 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.7 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.8 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.10 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.11 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Table 12.6 Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.13 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.14 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Process Figure 12.15 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.17 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.18 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.20 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.21 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Writing Challenge Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Visual Assessment Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 12)
The Outcomes of Infection and Disease Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.1 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.3 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.4 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.5 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.6 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.7 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.8 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.9 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.11 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.12 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.13 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.14 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.15 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.16 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.17 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.18 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.19 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.20 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.21 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.22 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Koch’s Postulates: Solving the Puzzle of New Diseases Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Process Figure 13.23 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.24 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Visual Assessment Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 14.1 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.3 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.4 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.5 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.6 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.7 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.9 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.10 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.11 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.13 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.15 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Process Figure 14.16 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Process Figure 14.17 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.18 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.19 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Process Figure 14.20 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.21 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Writing Challenge 1 Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Writing Challenge 2 Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Visual Assessment Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 15.1 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.2 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.3 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Process Figure 15.4 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Process Figure 15.5 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.6 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.8 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Process Figure 15.9 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Process Figure 15.10 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Process Figure 15.11 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.13 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.14 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.15 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.16 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.17 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Table 15.3 Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.18 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.19 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.20 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.21 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.22 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Process Figure 15.23 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Process Figure 15.24 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Table 15.6 Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Visual Assessment 1 Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Visual Assessment 2 Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Modes of Contact with Allergens Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Diagnosis of Allergy Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.1 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.2 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Process Figure 16.3 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.4 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.6 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.7 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.8 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.9 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.10 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.11 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.12 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.13 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Process Figure 16.14 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.16 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.18 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Phenomenon Pertains to Allergies Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Observe the Blood Typing Results Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Phenotypic Methods Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.1 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.2 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Process Figure 17.3 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Biochemical Testing Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.5 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Process Figure 17.6 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.7 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Process Figure 17.9 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.10 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.11 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.12 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.13 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.14 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.15 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
When Positive Is Negative Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.16 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.17 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.18 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.20 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.21 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.22 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.23 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
An Egg Be Used to Culture the Pathogen Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Current Exposure to a Pathogen Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Appendix A-1 Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
Appendix A-2 Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
Appendix A-3 Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
Appendix A-4 Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
Appendix A-6 Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
Appendix A-7 Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
Appendix A-8 Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
Appendix A-9 Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
Appendix A-10 Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
Table A-1 Graphic Extended Description (Appendix A)
Figure B.1 Extended Description (Appendix B)
Relatively Large Concept Map Graphic Extended Description (Online Appendix 1)
Students Report Graphic Extended Description (Online Appendix 1)