Strategic Environmental Assessment in Action

Höfundur: Riki Therivel (Útgáfa: 2)
Strategic Environmental Assessment in Action

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This practical guide, written by a practitioner for practitioners, presents a coherent and straightforward 'how-to-do-it' approach to the strategic environmental assessment (SEA) process. Part one provides an overview of the aims, principles, advantages and problems of SEA as well as looking at key SEA regulations and their requirements. Part two examines the SEA process in considerable detail including setting the policy context, describing the baseline, identifying alternatives, predicting and evaluating impacts and using the SEA information in decision-making.

Part three is devoted to assuring SEA quality with a discussion of resources and capacity building. This new edition incorporates five years' worth of practical application of the SEA Directive and SEA practice more broadly. Additions and updates include: the findings of various reviews into SEA effectiveness and efficiency emerging approaches to identifying and comparing alternatives, cumulative impacts, the likely future baseline without the plan, documenting changes made to the plan in response to the SEA process, and environmental limits consideration of both the 'baseline-led' and the 'objectives-led' approach to SEA, and the two approaches' advantages and disadvantages SEA's links to 'appropriate assessment' of plans under the European Habitats Directive.

Employing a host of real-life case studies and examples, each chapter presents a range of techniques and discusses what the final product should look like. Appendices provide a wealth of additional information including text of the SEA Directive and the UNECE Protocol on SEA, and a 'toolkit' of SEA techniques. The approach and techniques in Strategic Environmental Assessment in Action are useful for anyone carrying out or studying SEA at any level, from policy to programme, international to local, but particularly for practitioners responsible for implementing the SEA Directive.

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Útgefandi
Taylor & Francis
ISBN
9781135100117
Print ISBN
9781849710657
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
2
Höfundar
Riki Therivel
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2012-12-06
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover Page
  • Half Title page
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • List of Figures, Tables and Boxes
  • List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
  • Acknowledgements
  • Part I Introducing Strategic Environmental Assessment
  • 1 Introduction
  • Book structure
  • Other resources
  • SEA changes since 2003
  • 2 Strategic Environmental Assessment: An Overview
  • Aims and principles of SEA
  • Strategic actions
  • Policies, plans, programmes and tiering
  • Stages of SEA
  • Advantages of SEA
  • Problems with SEA
  • Conclusions
  • 3 SEA in Plan-Making
  • Hypothetical example of SEA
  • Set the institutional structure
  • Describe the context
  • Identify sustainable options for meeting the (new) plan objective
  • Predict, evaluate and mitigate impacts
  • Document the process
  • SEA and decision-making
  • Ensuring that SEA is effective
  • What is crucial in SEA?
  • Conclusions
  • 4 Three SEA Systems: United States, Europe, China
  • The US National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
  • Actions that require SEA and the assessment process
  • Contents of an environmental assessment or programmatic EIS
  • Good and bad aspects of NEPA
  • The European SEA Directive of 2004
  • The SEA process
  • Plans and programmes that require SEA
  • Contents of the environmental report and consultation
  • Good and bad aspects of the SEA Directive
  • The Chinese Plan Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations of 2009
  • Actions that require SEA and the SEA process
  • Contents of an environmental impact chapter or SEA report
  • Good and bad aspects of the EIA Law
  • Conclusions
  • Footnote
  • Part II The SEA Process
  • 5 Setting the Context for SEA
  • Understanding the strategic action
  • Deciding whether the strategic action requires SEA: ‘screening'
  • Links between SEA and decision-making
  • Who should be involved in the SEA
  • Decision-maker or consultant?
  • Involving environmental/sustainability authorities
  • Involving the public
  • Fitting SEA with other assessment requirements
  • Environmental assessment or sustainability assessment?
  • Cross-cutting approaches
  • Objectives-led or baseline-led approach?
  • Task-based versus topic-based reports
  • Conclusions
  • Note
  • 6 Describing the Environmental Baseline, Identifying Problems, Links to Other Strategic Actions
  • Describing the policy context
  • Dealing with conflicting strategic actions
  • Describing the current environmental/sustainability baseline
  • Issues about SEA indicators and data
  • Describing the future baseline without the strategic action
  • Identifying environmental/sustainability problems
  • Identifying ways forward; informing the development of the strategic action
  • Establishing an SEA framework (for objectives-led SEA)
  • When to stop collecting information: ‘Scoping'
  • Conclusions
  • 7 Identifying Alternatives
  • Types of alternatives
  • Alternatives, options, scenarios
  • ‘Business as usual', ‘do nothing', ‘do minimum’, ‘best for the environment’
  • Developing alternatives/options
  • Generating alternatives
  • Tiers of alternatives, limiting the number of alternatives
  • Eliminating alternatives/options from (further) assessment
  • Inconvenient alternatives
  • How not to develop alternatives
  • ‘Telling the story' of alternatives
  • Conclusions
  • Note
  • 8 Predicting Impacts
  • Prediction principles
  • Scope of assessment
  • What will the strategic action ‘look' like when implemented?
  • Approaches to impact prediction
  • Assumptions: What will be the strategic action's impacts?
  • Dealing with uncertainty
  • Level of detail needed
  • Indirect and cumulative impacts
  • Indirect impacts
  • Cumulative impacts
  • Equality impacts
  • Conclusions
  • Note
  • 9 Evaluating and Mitigating Impacts
  • Evaluating the significance of impacts
  • Bias in impact evaluation
  • Basis of evaluation: Current situation, future situation without strategic action, environmental standards
  • Basis of evaluation: Environmental limits
  • Basis of evaluation: SEA objectives
  • Evaluating cumulative impacts
  • Transparency
  • Avoiding, mitigating, compensating for and ameliorating impacts
  • Identifying mitigation measures
  • Agreeing and implementing mitigation measures
  • Informing decisions
  • Comparing alternatives
  • Trade-offs
  • Conclusions
  • 10 Documentation, Implementation and Monitoring
  • The SEA report
  • Non-technical summary
  • Difference made by the SEA process
  • SEA implementation plan
  • Consulting on the SEA report(s)
  • Monitoring and follow-up
  • The SEA statement
  • Conclusions
  • Part III Ensuring SEA Effectiveness
  • 11 Ensuring that the SEA is Effective and Resourcing It
  • Ensuring SEA quality
  • What is an effective SEA process?
  • Ensuring effective SEA: Personnel, timing, resources
  • Ensuring effective SEA: Improved SEA process
  • Ensuring a good SEA report: Quality assurance review
  • Ensuring an ineffective SEA process
  • How to carry out SEA in one, ten and 100 person-days
  • SEA in one person-day
  • SEA in ten person-days
  • Day 1:
  • Day 2:
  • Day 3:
  • Days 4–8:
  • Days 9 and 10:
  • SEA in 100 person-days
  • Capacity building, setting a supportive context
  • Promoting a culture of ‘doing SEA'
  • Cost efficiencies
  • Training
  • The future of SEA
  • Appendix A: European Union Directive 2001/42/EC: Appendix A
  • The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union
  • Have Adopted this Directive:
  • Article 1. Objectives
  • Article 2. Definitions
  • Article 3. Scope
  • Article 4. General obligations
  • Article 5. Environmental report
  • Article 6. Consultations
  • Article 7. Transboundary consultations
  • Article 8. Decision-making
  • Article 9. Information on the decision
  • Article 10. Monitoring
  • Article 11. Relationship with other Community legislation
  • Article 12. Information, reporting and review
  • Article 13. Implementation of the Directive
  • Article 14. Entry into force
  • Article 15. Addressees
  • Annex I. Information referred to in Article 5(1)
  • Annex II. Criteria for determining the likely significance of effects referred to in Article 3(5)
  • Appendix B: Chinese Plan Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 2009
  • Chapter 1 General provisions
  • Article 1
  • Article 2
  • Article 3
  • Article 4
  • Article 5
  • Article 6
  • Chapter 2 Assessment
  • Article 7
  • Article 8
  • Article 9
  • Article 10
  • Article 11
  • Article 12
  • Article 13
  • Article 14
  • Chapter 3 Examination
  • Article 15
  • Article 16
  • Article 17
  • Article 18
  • Article 19
  • Article 20
  • Article 21
  • Article 22
  • Article 23
  • Chapter 4 Follow-up assessment
  • Article 24
  • Article 25
  • Article 26
  • Article 27
  • Article 28
  • Article 29
  • Article 30
  • Chapter 5 Legal liabilities
  • Article 31
  • Article 32
  • Article 33
  • Article 34
  • Chapter 6 Supplementary provisions
  • Article 35
  • Explanatory notes by Kai-Yi Zhou and Riki Therivel (not part of the regulations)
  • Appendix C: SEA Prediction and Evaluation Techniques
  • Choosing prediction and evaluation techniques
  • Expert judgement
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Quality of life assessment (QoLA)
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Further information
  • Overlay or constraints maps
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Further information
  • Geographical information systems
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Fur ther reading
  • Land-partitioning analysis
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Further information
  • Network analysis
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Fur ther reading
  • Modelling
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Further information
  • Scenario/sensitivity analysis
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Further information
  • Cost–benefit analysis (CBA)
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Further information
  • Multi-criteria analysis (MCA)
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Further information
  • Life cycle analysis (LCA)
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Further information
  • Vulnerability analysis
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Further information
  • Carrying capacity, ecological footprints
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Further information
  • Risk assessment
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Further information
  • Internal compatibility appraisal
  • What the technique aims to do
  • What it involves
  • What the outputs look like
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Appendix D: Appropriate Assessment under the Habitats Directive
  • Legal requirements
  • Stages of appropriate assessment
  • Approaches to appropriate assessment of plans
  • Links between SEA and appropriate assessment
  • References
  • Index