Stern's Introductory Plant Biology ISE

Name: Stern's Introductory Plant Biology ISE
Price: 5100 ISK
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Author: James Bidlack; Shelley Jansky
ISBN: 9781265499600

Höfundar: James Bidlack; Shelley Jansky (Útgáfa: 16)

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Útgefandi: McGraw-Hill Higher Education (International)

ISBN: 9781265499600

Print ISBN: 9781264861088

Format: ePub

Útgáfa: 16

Höfundar: James Bidlack; Shelley Jansky

Tungumál: English

Útgefið: 2026-02-24

Prent takmörkun á líftíma: 100

Prent takmörkun: 2

Afritunar takmörkun: 2

Flokkar: Náttúruvísindi

Efnisflokkar: Vísindi › Jurtafræði

Kaflar

Table of Contents and Preface
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents in Brief
Contents
About the Authors
James E. Bidlack
Shelley H. Jansky
Preface
Organization of the Text
Learning Aids
New to This Release
Connect
Acknowledgements
Teaching and Learning Supplements
Plant Biology Lab Manual, 2026 Release by James Bidlack
Chapter 1: What Is Plant Biology?
Chapter 1 Introduction
Overview
1.1 Introduction to Plant Biology
1.2 The Relationship of Humans to Their Environment
Human and Animal Dependence on Plants
1.3 Botany as a Science
Hypotheses
1.4 Diversification of Plant Study
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 2: The Nature of Life
Chapter 2 Introduction
Overview
2.1 Attributes of Living Organisms
Organization and Structure
Growth
Reproduction
Response to Stimuli
Metabolism
Adaptation to the Environment
2.2 Chemical and Physical Bases of Life
The Elements: Units of Matter
Molecules: Combinations of Elements
Valence
Bonds and Ions
Acids, Bases, and Salts
The pH Scale
Energy
Chemical Components of Cells
Monomers and Polymers
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 3: Cells
Chapter 3 Introduction
Overview
3.1 Introduction to Cells
3.2 Cells
History
Modern Microscopes
3.3 Eukaryotic versus Prokaryotic Cells
Endosymbiosis
3.4 Cell Structure and Communication
Cell Size
The Cell Wall
Communication between Cells
3.5 Cellular Components
The Plasma Membrane
The Nucleus
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Dictyosomes
Plastids
Mitochondria
Microbodies
Vacuoles
The Cytoskeleton
3.6 Cellular Reproduction
The Cell Cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
3.7 Higher Plant Cells versus Animal Cells
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 4: Tissues
Chapter 4 Introduction
Overview
4.1 Introduction to Tissues
4.2 Meristematic Tissues
Apical Meristems
Lateral Meristems
Intercalary Meristems
4.3 Tissues Produced by Meristems
Simple Tissues
Complex Tissues
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 5: Roots and Soils
Chapter 5 Introduction
Overview
5.1 Introduction to Roots and Soils
5.2 How Roots Develop
5.3 Root Structure
The Root Cap
The Region of Cell Division
The Region of Elongation
The Region of Maturation
5.4 Specialized Roots
Food-Storage Roots
Water-Storage Roots
Propagative Roots
Pneumatophores
Aerial Roots
Contractile Roots
Buttress Roots
Parasitic Roots
5.5 Mycorrhizae
5.6 Root Nodules
Root Nodules
5.7 Human Relevance of Roots
5.8 Soils
Parent Material
Climate
Living Organisms and Organic Composition
Topography
Soil Texture and Mineral Composition
Soil Structure
Water in the Soil
Soil pH
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 6: Stems
Chapter 6 Introduction
Overview
6.1 Introduction to Stems
6.2 External Form of a Woody Twig
6.3 Origin and Development of Stems
6.4 Tissue Patterns in Stems
Steles
Herbaceous Dicotyledonous Stems
Woody Dicotyledonous Stems
Monocotyledonous Stems
6.5 Specialized Stems
Rhizomes
Runners and Stolons
Tubers
Bulbs
Corms
Cladophylls
Other Specialized Stems
6.6 Wood and Its Uses
Properties of Wood
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 7: Leaves
Chapter 7 Introduction
Overview
7.1 Introduction to Leaves
7.2 Leaf Arrangements and Types
7.3 Internal Structure of Leaves
7.4 Stomata
7.5 Mesophyll and Veins
7.6 Specialized Leaves
Shade Leaves
Leaves of Arid Regions
Leaves of Aquatic Areas
Tendrils
Spines, Thorns, and Prickles
Storage Leaves
Flower-Pot Leaves
Window Leaves
Reproductive Leaves
Floral Leaves (Bracts)
Insect-Trapping Leaves
7.7 Autumnal Changes in Leaf Color
7.8 Abscission
7.9 Human and Ecological Relevance of Leaves
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 8: Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
Chapter 8 Introduction
Overview
8.1 Introduction to Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
8.2 Differences between Dicots and Monocots
8.3 Structure of Flowers
8.4 Fruits
Introduction
Fruit Regions
Kinds of Fruits
8.5 Fruit and Seed Dispersal
Dispersal by Wind
Dispersal by Animals
Dispersal by Water
Other Dispersal Mechanisms and Agents
8.6 Seeds
Structure
Germination
Longevity
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 9: Water in Plants
Chapter 9 Introduction
Overview
9.1 Introduction to Water in Plants
9.2 Molecular Movement
Diffusion
Osmosis
Plasmolysis
Imbibition
Active Transport
9.3 Water and Its Movement through the Plant
The Cohesion-Tension Theory
9.4 Regulation of Transpiration
9.5 Transport of Food Substances (Organic Solutes) in Solution
The Pressure-Flow Hypothesis
9.6 Mineral Requirements for Growth
Mineral Nutrition
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 10: Plant Metabolism
Chapter 10 Introduction
Overview
10.1 Introduction to Plant Metabolism
10.2 Enzymes and Energy Transfer
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
10.3 Photosynthesis
1. The Essence of Photosynthesis
2. Introduction to the Major Steps of Photosynthesis
3. A Closer Evaluation of Photosynthesis
Other Significant Processes that Occur in Chloroplasts
10.4 Respiration
1. The Essence of Respiration
2. Introduction to the Major Steps of Respiration
3. Factors Affecting the Rate of Respiration
4. A Closer Evaluation of Respiration
10.5 Additional Metabolic Pathways
10.6 Assimilation and Digestion
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 11: Growth and Development
Chapter 11 Introduction
Overview
11.1 Introduction to Growth and Development
11.2 Nutrients, Vitamins, and Hormones
Plant Hormones
Other Hormones or Related Compounds
11.3 Hormonal Interactions
Apical Dominance
Senescence
Other Hormonal Interactions
11.4 Plant Movements
Growth Movements
Turgor Movements
Taxic Movements
Miscellaneous Movements
11.5 Photoperiodism
Four Seasons
Phytochromes and Cryptochromes
11.6 Temperature and Growth
11.7 Dormancy and Quiescence
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 12: Meiosis and Alternation of Generations
Chapter 12 Introduction
Overview
12.1 Introduction to Meiosis and Alternation of Generations
12.2 The Phases of Meiosis
Division I (Meiosis I, or Reduction Division)
Division II (Meiosis II, or Equational Division)
12.3 Alternation of Generations
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 13: Genetics and Molecular Biology
Chapter 13 Introduction
Overview
13.1 Introduction to Genetics and Molecular Biology
13.2 Molecular Genetics
Structure of DNA
DNA Functions
13.3 Cytogenetics
Changes in Chromosome Structure
Changes in Chromosome Number
13.4 Mendelian Genetics
Mendel’s Studies
The Monohybrid Cross
The Dihybrid Cross
The Backcross
The Testcross
Incomplete Dominance
Interactions among Genes
How Genotype Controls Phenotype
13.5 Quantitative Traits
13.6 Extranuclear DNA
13.7 Linkage and Mapping
13.8 The Hardy-Weinberg Law
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 14: Plant Breeding, Propagation, and Biotechnology
Chapter 14 Introduction
Overview
14.1 Crop Plant Evolution
Origins of Agriculture
Evolution under Domestication
14.2 Plant Breeding
Breeding Methods Using Sexually Compatible Germplasm
Breeding Methods Using Sexually Incompatible Germplasm
14.3 Plant Propagation
Seed Propagation
Asexual Plant Propagation
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 15: Evolution
Chapter 15 Introduction
Overview
15.1 Introduction to Evolution
Evolution in Agriculture
Evolutionary Medicine
Species Extinctions and Invasions
Biotechnology and Evolution
15.2 A Brief Overview of the Early Development of Evolutionary Concepts
The First Revolution
The Second Revolution
The Third Revolution
15.3 Charles Darwin
Evolution
15.4 Evidence for Evolution
15.5 Microevolution—Evolution within Species
Natural Selection
Mutations
Migration
Genetic Drift
Rates of Evolution
15.6 Macroevolution—How Species Evolve
Geographic Isolation
Ecological Isolation
Mechanical Isolation
15.7 The Role of Polyploidy in Evolution
Apomixis
15.8 Discussion
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 16: Plant Names and Classification
Chapter 16 Introduction
Overview
16.1 Introduction to Plant Classification
16.2 Development of the Binomial System of Nomenclature
Linnaeus
International Codes of Botanical Nomenclature
16.3 Development of the Kingdom Concept
16.4 Classification of Major Groups
Phylogenetic Tree
16.5 Species Concepts
Morphological Species Concepts
Interbreeding Species Concepts
Ecological Species Concepts
Phylogenetic Species Concepts
Eclectic Species Concepts
Nominalistic Species Concepts
16.6 The Future of Plant Classification
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 17: Domain (Kingdom) Bacteria, Domain (Kingdom) Archaea, and Viruses
Chapter 17 Introduction
Overview
17.1 Introduction to Domain (Kingdom) Bacteria, Domain (Kingdom) Archaea, and Viruses
17.2 Features of Domains (Kingdoms) Bacteria and Archaea
The Three Domains
Cellular Detail and Reproduction
Size, Form, and Classification
17.3 Domain (Kingdom) Bacteria—the True Bacteria
Phylum Bacteriophyta
17.4 Human Relevance of the Unpigmented, Purple, and Green Sulfur Bacteria
Composting and Compost
True Bacteria and Disease
Koch’s Postulates
True Bacteria Useful to Humans
17.5 Class Cyanobacteriae—the Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Bacteria)
Introduction
Distribution
Form, Metabolism, and Reproduction
Cyanobacteria, Chloroplasts, and Oxygen
Human Relevance of the Cyanobacteria
17.6 Class Prochlorobacteriae—the Prochlorobacteria
17.7 Domain (Kingdom) Archaea—the Archaebacteria
The Methane Bacteria
The Salt Bacteria
The Sulfolobus Bacteria
Human Relevance of the Archaebacteria
17.8 Viruses
Introduction
Size and Structure
Bacteriophages
Viral Reproduction
Human Relevance of Viruses
17.9 Viroids and Prions
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 18: Kingdom Protista
Chapter 18 Introduction
Overview
18.1 Introduction to Kingdom Protista
18.2 Features of Kingdom Protista
18.3 Algae
18.4 Phylum Chlorophyta—the Green Algae
Chlamydomonas
Ulothrix
Spirogyra
Oedogonium
Other Green Algae
18.5 Phylum Chromophyta—the Yellow-Green Algae, Golden-Brown Algae, Diatoms, and Brown Algae
Yellow-Green Algae (Xanthophyceae)
Golden-Brown Algae (Chrysophyceae)
Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae)
Brown Algae (Phaeophyceae)
18.6 Phylum Rhodophyta—the Red Algae
18.7 Phylum Euglenophyta—the Euglenoids
18.8 Phylum Dinophyta—the Dinoflagellates
18.9 Phylum Cryptophyta—the Cryptomonads
18.10 Phylum Prymnesiophyta (Haptophyta)—the Haptophytes
18.11 Phylum Charophyta—the Stoneworts
18.12 Human and Ecological Relevance of the Algae
Diatoms
Other Algae
Algin
Minerals and Food
Agar
18.13 Other Members of Kingdom Protista
18.14 Phylum Myxomycota—the Plasmodial Slime Molds
18.15 Phylum Dictyosteliomycota—the Cellular Slime Molds
Human and Ecological Relevance of the Slime Molds
18.16 Phylum Oomycota—the Water Molds
Human and Ecological Relevance of the Water Molds
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 19: Kingdom Fungi
Chapter 19 Introduction
Overview
19.1 Introduction to the Kingdom Fungi
19.2 Distinctions between Kingdoms Protista and Fungi
19.3 Kingdom Fungi
Phylum Chytridiomycota—the Chytrids
Phylum Zygomycota—the Coenocytic True Fungi
Human and Ecological Relevance of the Coenocytic True Fungi
Phylum Ascomycota—the Ascomycetes (Sac Fungi)
Human and Ecological Relevance of the Sac Fungi
Phylum Basidiomycota—the Basidiomycetes (Club Fungi)
Human and Ecological Relevance of the Club Fungi
Phylum Deuteromycota—the Deuteromycetes (Imperfect Fungi)
Human and Ecological Relevance of the Imperfect Fungi
19.4 Lichens
Human and Ecological Relevance of Lichens
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 20: Introduction to the Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes
Chapter 20 Introduction
Overview
20.1 Introduction to the Plant Kingdom
20.2 General Characteristics of Bryophytes
20.3 Phylum Hepaticophyta—Liverworts
Structure and Form
Thalloid Liverworts
“Leafy” Liverworts
20.4 Phylum Anthocerotophyta—Hornworts
Structure and Form
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
20.5 Phylum Bryophyta—Mosses
Structure, Form, and Classes
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
20.6 Human and Ecological Relevance of Bryophytes
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 21: The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
Chapter 21 Introduction
Overview
21.1 Introduction to the Seedless Vascular Plants
21.2 Phylum Psilotophyta—the Whisk Ferns
Structure and Form
Reproduction
Fossil Whisk Fern Similarities
21.3 Phylum Lycophyta—the Ground Pines, Spike Mosses, and Quillworts
Lycopodium—Ground Pines
Selaginella—Spike Mosses
Isoetes—Quillworts
Ancient Relatives of Club Mosses and Quillworts
Human and Ecological Relevance of Club Mosses and Quillworts
21.4 Phylum Equisetophyta—the Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
Structure and Form
Reproduction
Ancient Relatives of Horsetails
Human and Ecological Relevance of Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
21.5 Phylum Polypodiophyta—the Ferns
Structure and Form
Reproduction
Fossil Relatives of Ferns
Human and Ecological Relevance of Ferns
21.6 Fossils
Introduction
Molds, Casts, Compressions, and Imprints
Petrifactions
Coprolites
Unaltered Fossils
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 22: Introduction to Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
Chapter 22 Introduction
Overview
22.1 Introduction to Gymnosperms
22.2 Phylum Pinophyta—the Conifers
Pines
Other Conifers
22.3 Other Gymnosperms
Phylum Ginkgophyta—Ginkgo
Phylum Cycadophyta—the Cycads
Phylum Gnetophyta—the Gnetophytes
22.4 Human Relevance of Gymnosperms
Conifers
Other Gymnosperms
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 23: Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Chapter 23 Introduction
Overview
23.1 Introduction to Angiosperms
23.2 Phylum Magnoliophyta—the Flowering Plants
Development of Gametophytes
Pollination
Fertilization and Development of the Seed
Apomixis and Parthenocarpy
Trends of Specialization and Classification in Flowering Plants
23.3 Pollination Ecology
23.4 Herbaria and Plant Preservation
Methods
A Word of Caution to Collectors
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 24: Flowering Plants and Civilization
Chapter 24 Introduction
Overview
24.1 Introduction to Flowering Plants and Civilization
24.2 Origin of Cultivated Plants
Near-Eastern Region
Chinese Region
African Continent
South Asia and the Islands of the Pacific
North America
South and Central America
24.3 Selected Families of Flowering Plants
24.4 Dicots
The Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
The Laurel Family (Lauraceae)
The Poppy Family (Papaveraceae)
The Mustard Family (Brassicaceae)
The Rose Family (Rosaceae)
The Legume Family (Fabaceae)
The Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)
The Cactus Family (Cactaceae)
The Mint Family (Lamiaceae)
The Nightshade Family (Solanaceae)
The Carrot Family (Apiaceae)
The Pumpkin Family (Cucurbitaceae)
The Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)
24.5 Monocots
The Grass Family (Poaceae)
The Lily Family (Liliaceae)
The Orchid Family (Orchidaceae)
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 25: Ecology
Chapter 25 Introduction
Overview
25.1 Introduction to Ecology
25.2 Plants and the Environment
Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems
25.3 Life Histories
25.4 Natural Cycles
The Water Cycle
The Carbon Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle
25.5 Succession
Primary Succession
Secondary Succession
25.6 Impact of Humans on Plant Communities
Global Warming
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Ozone Depletion
Erosion
Aquifer Depletion
25.7 Loss of Biodiversity
Acid Deposition
Water Contamination
Wetland Destruction
Hazardous Waste
Invasion of Foreign Species
25.8 Restoration of the Land
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Chapter 26: Biomes
Chapter 26 Introduction
Overview
26.1 Introduction to Biomes
biomes
26.2 Major Biomes of the World
Tundra
Taiga
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Grassland
Desert
Tropical Rain Forest
Savanna
Chaparral
Chapter Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Appendix 1: Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
Appendix 1 Scientific Names of Organisms Mentioned in the Text
Appendix 2: Biological Controls
Appendix 2 Biological Controls
General Controls
Establishment of Beneficial Organisms
Use of Pathogenic Bacteria
Establishment of Toads and Frogs
Use of Beneficial Nematodes
Use of Limonoid Sprays
Use of Liquefied Pest Sprays
Use of Resistant Varieties
Interplanting with Plants That Produce Natural Insecticides or Substances Offensive to Pests
Specific Controls
Weeds
Insects
Companion Planting
Additional Reading
Appendix 3: Useful and Poisonous Plants, Fungi, and Algae
Appendix 3 Useful and Poisonous Plants, Fungi, and Algae
Wild Edible Plants, Fungi, and Algae
Words of Caution
Poisonous Plants and Fungi
Medicinal Plants, Fungi, and Algae
Memory Problems or Enhancement
Cholesterol-Lowering Plants or Plant Derivatives
Hallucinogenic Plants
Spice Plants
Dye Plants
Additional Reading
Appendix 4: Houseplants and Home Gardening
Appendix 4 Houseplants and Home Gardening
Growing Houseplants
Water
Containers
Temperatures
Light
Humidity
Common Houseplants
Water
Temperature
Light
Humidity
Potting Medium
Growing Vegetables
General Tips on Vegetable Growing
Common Vegetables and Their Nutritional Values
Asparagus
Beans
Beets
Broccoli
Cabbage
Carrots
Cauliflower
Corn
Cucumber
Eggplant
Lettuce
Onion
Peas
Peppers
Potatoes
Spinach
Squash
Tomatoes
Pruning
Fruit Trees
Grapevines
Roses
Raspberries, Blackberries, and Their Relatives
Bonsai
Major Types of Grafting
Whip, or Tongue, Grafting
Splice Grafting
Cleft Grafting
Side Grafting
Approach Grafting
Bridge Grafting
Bud Grafting (Budding)
Root Grafting
Double-Working
Additional Reading
Appendix 5: Metric Equivalents and Conversion Tables
Appendix 5 Metric Equivalents and Conversion Tables
Temperature Conversion Scale
Appendix 6: Periodic Table of the Elements
Appendix 6 Periodic Table of the Elements
Periodic Table of the Elements
Glossary
Glossary
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
z
Index
Index
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b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
Accessibility Content: Extended Description for Images
Figure 2.3 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.5 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
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Figure 15.7 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.9 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 16.4 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.5a Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.5b Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.6 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Unnumbered Figure 17.1 (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.1 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Box Figure 17.1A Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.8 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.13 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.16 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.17 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.18 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Box Figure 18.1A Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.2 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.3 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.4 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.5 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.6 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.7 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.8 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.9 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.11 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.12 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.13 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.14 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.15 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.16 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.19 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.21 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.22 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.24 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.25 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.26 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.30 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.34 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.35 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 19.3 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.5 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.7 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.14 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.15 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.16 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.25 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.27 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.31 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.35 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 20.5 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.6 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.7 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.9 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.10 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.11 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.12 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.13 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 21.2 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.3 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.5 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.7 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.9 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.12 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.13 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.18 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.20 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.22 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.23 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.26 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 22.1 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.3 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.6 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.8 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.11 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.12 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.13 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.2A Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Unnumbered Figure 23.1 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.3 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.5 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.7 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.8 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.9 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.10 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.11 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.12 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.13 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.14 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.18 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 24.1 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.17 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.24 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.25 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.30 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Box Figure 24.1A Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure A4.1 Extended Description (Appendix 4)
Figure A4.2 Extended Description (Appendix 4)
Figure A4.4 Extended Description (Appendix 4)
Figure A4.5 Extended Description (Appendix 4)
Figure A4.6 Extended Description (Appendix 4)
Figure A4.7 Extended Description (Appendix 4)
Figure A4.8 Extended Description (Appendix 4)
Figure A4.9 Extended Description (Appendix 4)
Figure A4.10 Extended Description (Appendix 4)
Figure A4.11 Extended Description (Appendix 4)
Unnumbered Figure A5.1 Extended Description (Appendix 5)
Unnumbered Figure A6.1 Extended Description (Appendix 6)
Figure 25.2 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.3 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.4 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.5 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.6 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.7 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.13 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Unnumbered Figure 26.1 Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 26.1 Extended Description (Chapter 26)