Social Psychology

Höfundar: Michael Hogg; Graham Vaughan (Útgáfa: 9)
Social Psychology

Kaup valmöguleikar

Fáðu víðtækan og ítarlegan skilning á félagssálfræði með því að kynna þér bæði klassískar og samtímalegar kenningar, hugtök, viðfangsefni og rannsóknir. Níunda útgáfa þessarar virtu bókar veitir ítarlega, vísindalega umfjöllun um kenningar og rannsóknir í félagssálfræði.

Félagssálfræði er sett í samhengi við samtímann og raunverulegar aðstæður. Fjallað er um nýjustu rannsóknir á sviðinu og klassískar kenningar eru útskýrðar á lifandi hátt. Einn helsti styrkleiki bókarinnar er alþjóðleg nálgun hennar, þar sem sjónarhorn frá Bretlandi, Evrópu og Norður-Ameríku eru samþætt. Bókin er myndræn og rík af áhugaverðum dæmum og nýstárlegu námsefni. Hún hvetur lesendur til að heimfæra hugtök upp á eigið líf og skilja samfélagsleg málefni í víðara samhengi.

Helstu eiginleikar:

  • Efnið hefur verið uppfært ítarlega með hliðsjón af mikilvægum framförum á fræðasviðinu. Meðal annars er fjallað um COVID-19, popúlisma, hnattræna hlýnun og loftslagsvána.
  • Nýtt efni um kreppuna í endurtakanleika og staðfestingu rannsókna í félagssálfræði á öðrum áratug 21. aldar, auk hreyfingarinnar um opin vísindi.
  • Fjölbreyttir efnisþættir innan kafla, þar á meðal rannsóknaráherslur, tenging við daglegt líf, alþjóðleg viðfangsefni og umfjöllun um bókmenntir, kvikmyndir og sjónvarp, stuðla að dýpri og hagnýtari skilningi á hugtökum og álitamálum.
  • Fjöldi ljósmynda og skýringarmynda gerir efnið lifandi og aðgengilegt.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Pearson International Content
ISBN
9781292409061
Print ISBN
9781292352831
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
9
Höfundar
Michael Hogg; Graham Vaughan
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2021-11-04
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover Page
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • About the authors
  • 1 Introducing social psychology
  • What is social psychology?
  • Social psychology and its close neighbours
  • Topics of social psychology
  • Research methods
  • Scientific method
  • Experiments
  • Non-experimental methods
  • Data and analysis
  • Research ethics
  • Physical welfare of participants
  • Respect for privacy
  • Use of deception
  • Informed consent
  • Debriefing
  • Theories and theorising
  • Theories in social psychology
  • Social psychology in crisis
  • Reductionism and levels of explanation
  • Positivism and post-positivism
  • Historical context
  • Social psychology in the nineteenth century
  • The rise of experimentation
  • Later influences
  • The journals
  • Social psychology in Europe
  • About this text
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 2 Social cognition and social thinking
  • Social psychology and cognition
  • A short history of cognition in social psychology
  • Forming impressions of other people
  • What information is important?
  • Biases in forming impressions
  • Cognitive algebra
  • Social schemas and categories
  • Types of schemas
  • Categories and prototypes
  • Categorisation and stereotyping
  • How we use, acquire and change schemas
  • Using schemas
  • Acquiring schemas
  • Changing schemas
  • Social encoding
  • Salience
  • Vividness
  • Accessibility
  • Memory for people
  • Contents of person memory
  • Organisation of person memory
  • Using person memory
  • Social inference
  • Departures from normality
  • Heuristics
  • Improving social inference
  • Affect and emotion
  • Antecedents of affect
  • Consequences of affect
  • Emotion regulation
  • Beyond cognition and neuroscience
  • Where is the 'social' in social cognition?
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 3 Attribution and social explanation
  • Seeking the causes of behaviour
  • How people attribute causality
  • People as naive psychologists
  • From acts to dispositions
  • People as everyday scientists
  • Extensions of attribution theory
  • Explaining our emotions
  • Attributions for our own behaviour
  • Task performance attributions
  • Applications of attribution theory
  • Individual differences and attributional styles
  • Interpersonal relationships
  • Attributional biases
  • Correspondence bias, the fundamental attribution error, and essentialism
  • The actor–observer effect
  • The false consensus effect
  • Self-serving biases
  • Intergroup attribution
  • Attribution and stereotyping
  • Social knowledge and societal attributions
  • Social representations
  • Rumour and gossip
  • Conspiracy theories
  • Societal attributions
  • Culture's contribution
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 4 Self and identity
  • Who are you?
  • Self and identity in historical context
  • Psychodynamic self
  • Individual versus collective self
  • Collective self
  • Symbolic interactionist self
  • Self-awareness
  • Self-knowledge
  • Self-schemas
  • Regulatory focus theory
  • Inferences from our behaviour
  • Social comparison and self-knowledge
  • Many selves, multiple identities
  • Types of self and identity
  • Contextual sensitivity of self and identity
  • In search of self-coherence
  • Social identity theory
  • Personal identity and social identity
  • Processes of social identity salience
  • Consequences of social identity salience
  • Self-motives
  • Self-assessment and self-verification
  • Self-enhancement
  • Self-esteem
  • Self-esteem and social identity
  • Individual differences
  • In pursuit of self-esteem
  • Self-presentation and impression management
  • Strategic self-presentation
  • Expressive self-presentation
  • Cultural differences in self and identity
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 5 Attitudes
  • Structure and function of attitudes
  • A short history of attitudes
  • Attitude structure
  • Attitude functions
  • Cognitive consistency
  • Cognition and evaluation
  • Decision-making and attitudes
  • Can attitudes predict behaviour?
  • Beliefs, intentions and behaviour
  • Attitude accessibility
  • Attitude strength and direct experience
  • Reflecting on the attitude–behaviour link
  • Moderator variables
  • Forming attitudes
  • Behavioural approaches
  • Cognitive development
  • Sources of learning
  • Concepts related to attitudes
  • Values
  • Ideology
  • Social representations
  • Measuring attitudes
  • Attitude scales
  • Using attitude scales today
  • Physiological measures
  • Measures of overt behaviour
  • Measuring covert attitudes
  • Concluding thoughts
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 6 Persuasion and attitude change
  • Attitudes, arguments and behaviour
  • Persuasive communication
  • The communicator
  • The message
  • The audience
  • Dual-process models of persuasion
  • Elaboration–likelihood model
  • Heuristic–systematic model
  • Compliance
  • Tactics for enhancing compliance
  • Action research
  • Cognitive dissonance and attitude change
  • Effort justification
  • Induced compliance
  • Free choice
  • The role of self
  • Vicarious dissonance
  • Alternative views to dissonance
  • A new look at cognitive dissonance
  • Resistance to persuasion
  • Reactance
  • Forewarning
  • Inoculation
  • Attitude accessibility and strength
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 7 Social influence
  • Types of social influence
  • Compliance, obedience, conformity
  • Power and influence
  • Obedience to authority
  • Factors influencing obedience
  • The ethical legacy of Milgram's experiments
  • Conformity
  • The formation and influence of norms
  • Yielding to majority group pressure
  • Who conforms? Individual and group characteristics
  • Situational factors in conformity
  • Processes of conformity
  • Minority influence and social change
  • Beyond conformity
  • Behavioural style and the genetic model
  • Conversion theory
  • Convergent–divergent theory
  • Social identity and self-categorisation
  • Vested interest and the leniency contract
  • Attribution and social impact
  • Two processes or one?
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 8 People in groups
  • What is a group?
  • Categories and group entitativity
  • Common-bond and common-identity groups
  • Groups and aggregates
  • Definitions
  • Group effects on individual performance
  • Mere presence and audience effects: social facilitation
  • Classification of group tasks
  • Social loafing and social impact
  • Group cohesiveness
  • Group socialisation
  • Norms
  • Morality
  • Group structure
  • Roles
  • Status
  • Communication networks
  • Subgroups and crosscutting categories
  • Deviants and marginal members
  • Why do people join groups?
  • Reasons for joining groups
  • Motivations for affiliation and group formation
  • Why not join groups?
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 9 Leadership and group decision-making
  • Leaders and group decisions
  • Leadership
  • Defining leadership
  • Personality traits and individual differences
  • Situational perspectives
  • What leaders do
  • Contingency theories
  • Transactional leadership
  • Transformational leadership
  • Charisma and charismatic leadership
  • Leader perceptions and leadership schemas
  • Social identity and leadership
  • Trust and leadership
  • Gender gaps, glass ceilings and glass cliffs
  • Intergroup leadership
  • Group decision-making
  • Rules governing group decisions
  • Brainstorming
  • Group memory
  • Groupthink
  • Group polarisation
  • Jury verdicts
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 10 Prejudice and discrimination
  • Nature and dimensions of prejudice
  • Prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behaviour
  • Targets of prejudice and discrimination
  • Sexism
  • Racism
  • Ageism
  • Discrimination against sexual minorities
  • Discrimination based on physical or mental disability
  • Forms of discrimination
  • Reluctance to help
  • Tokenism
  • Reverse discrimination
  • Stigma and other effects of prejudice
  • Stigma
  • Self-worth, self-esteem and psychological well-being
  • Stereotype threat
  • Failure and disadvantage
  • Attributional ambiguity
  • Self-fulfilling prophecies
  • Dehumanisation, violence and genocide
  • Explanations of prejudice and discrimination
  • Frustration–aggression
  • The authoritarian personality
  • Dogmatism and closed-mindedness
  • Right-wing authoritarianism
  • Social dominance theory
  • Belief congruence
  • Other explanations
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 11 Intergroup behaviour
  • What is intergroup behaviour?
  • Relative deprivation and social unrest
  • Relative deprivation
  • Social protest and collective action
  • Realistic conflict
  • Realistic conflict theory
  • Cooperation, competition and social dilemmas
  • Social identity
  • Minimal groups
  • Social identity theory
  • Social cognition
  • Categorisation and relative homogeneity
  • Memory
  • Distinctive stimuli and illusory correlation
  • Optimal distinctiveness
  • Intergroup emotions
  • Collective behaviour and the crowd
  • Early theories
  • Deindividuation and self-awareness
  • Emergent norm theory
  • Social identity theory and crowd behaviour
  • Improving intergroup relations
  • Propaganda and education
  • Intergroup contact
  • Superordinate goals
  • Pluralism and diversity
  • Communication and negotiation
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 12 Aggression
  • Aggression in our community
  • Definitions and measurement
  • Defining aggression
  • Measuring aggression
  • Theoretical perspectives
  • Biological explanations
  • Social and biosocial explanations
  • Personal and situational variations
  • Personality and individual differences
  • Situational variables
  • General aggression model
  • Societal influences
  • Disadvantaged groups
  • Criminality and demographics
  • Subculture of violence
  • Mass media
  • A cognitive analysis
  • Rape myths, erotica and aggression
  • Domestic and intimate partner violence
  • Gender asymmetry?
  • Hurting the one we 'love'
  • Institutionalised aggression
  • Role of society
  • War
  • Role of the state
  • Role of the person
  • Levels of explanation
  • Reducing aggression
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 13 Prosocial behaviour
  • Now for something completely different
  • Prosocial behaviour, helping behaviour and altruism
  • The Kitty Genovese murder
  • Why and when people help
  • Biology and evolution
  • Empathy and arousal
  • Calculating whether to help
  • Empathy and altruism
  • Learning to be helpful
  • The bystander effect
  • Latané and Darley's cognitive model
  • The person in the equation
  • Mood states
  • Attributes of the person
  • Helping to prevent crime
  • Shoplifting
  • Exam cheating
  • Health support networks
  • Receiving help
  • Norms, motives and self-sacrifice
  • Norms for helping
  • Motives and goals
  • Volunteers and martyrs
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 14 Attraction and close relationships
  • Liking, loving and affiliating
  • Attractive people
  • Evolution and attraction
  • The role of our genes
  • Attractive faces
  • The search for ideals
  • What increases liking?
  • Proximity
  • Familiarity
  • Attitude similarity
  • Social matching
  • Assortative mating
  • Personal characteristics
  • Cultural stereotypes
  • Attraction and rewards
  • Relationships based on reinforcement
  • Relationships based on social exchange
  • Costs and benefits
  • Comparison levels
  • Social exchange, equity and justice
  • The role of norms
  • Attachment
  • Social isolation and the need to affiliate
  • Isolation and anxiety
  • Effects of social deprivation
  • Attachment styles
  • Close relationships
  • What is love?
  • Love and romance
  • Labels and illusions
  • No greater love
  • Marriage
  • Same-sex romantic relationships
  • Relationships that work (and those that don't)
  • Maintaining relationships
  • For better or for worse
  • Relationship breakdown
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 15 Language and communication
  • Communication
  • Language
  • Language, thought and cognition
  • Paralanguage and speech style
  • Social markers in speech
  • Language, identity and ethnicity
  • Speech accommodation
  • Bilingualism and second-language acquisition
  • Intergroup language and communication
  • Communicating without words
  • Functions of non-verbal communication
  • Variations in non-verbal behaviour
  • Using the face to express emotions
  • Facial display rules
  • Gaze and eye contact
  • Postures and gestures
  • Touch
  • Up close and personal
  • Impression management and deception
  • Conversation and discourse
  • Conversation
  • Discourse
  • Computer-mediated communication
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • 16 Culture
  • The cultural context
  • Locating culture in social psychology
  • Has social psychology neglected culture?
  • Defining culture
  • Culture, history and social psychology
  • Origins in cultural anthropology
  • Rise of cross-cultural psychology
  • Culture, thought and behaviour
  • Culture, cognition and attribution
  • Culture, conformity and obedience
  • Culture and socialisation
  • Two psyches: East meets West
  • Two kinds of self
  • Dimensions for comparing cultures
  • Values
  • Individualism and collectivism
  • Tightness–looseness
  • Cooperation, competition and social identity
  • Collectivism and prosocial behaviour
  • Relationships
  • Culture through the lens of norms and identity
  • Contact between cultures
  • Communication, language and speech style
  • Language and understanding
  • Acculturation and culture change
  • Testing social psychology cross-culturally
  • The cross-cultural challenge
  • Indigenous social psychologies
  • The search for universals
  • The multicultural challenge
  • Where to from here?
  • Summary
  • Literature, film and TV
  • Learn more
  • Glossary
  • References
  • Publisher's acknowledgements
  • Author index
  • Subject index