Signals and Systems, International Edition

Höfundur: Simon Haykin (Útgáfa: 2)
Signals and Systems, International Edition

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Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Wiley Global Education US
ISBN
9781119496212
Print ISBN
9780471378518
Format
Page Fidelity (PDF)
Útgáfa
2
Höfundar
Simon Haykin
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2017-11-20
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
10
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Title Page
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Notation
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 What Is a Signal?
  • 1.2 What Is a System?
  • 1.3 Overview of Specific Systems
  • 1.3.1 Communication Systems
  • 1.3.2 Control Systems
  • 1.3.3 Microelectromechanical Systems
  • 1.3.4 Remote Sensing
  • 1.3.5 Biomedical Signal Processing
  • 1.3.6 Auditory System
  • 1.3.7 Analog Versus Digital Signal Processing
  • 1.4 Classification of Signals
  • 1.5 Basic Operations on Signals
  • 1.5.1 Operations Performed on Dependent Variables
  • 1.5.2 Operations Performed on the Independent Variable
  • 1.5.3 Precedence Rule for Time Shifting and Time Scaling
  • 1.6 Elementary Signals
  • 1.6.1 Exponential Signals
  • 1.6.2 Sinusoidal Signals
  • 1.6.3 Relation between Sinusoidal and Complex Exponential Signals
  • 1.6.4 Exponentially Damped Sinusoidal Signals
  • 1.6.5 Step Function
  • 1.6.6 Impulse Function
  • 1.6.7 Derivatives of the Impulse
  • 1.6.8 Ramp Function
  • 1.7 Systems Viewed as Interconnections of Operations
  • 1.8 Properties of Systetns
  • 1.8.1 Stability
  • 1.8.2 Memory
  • 1.8.3 Causality
  • 1.8.4 Invertibility
  • 1.8.5 Time Invariance
  • 1.8.6 Linearity
  • 1.9 Noise
  • 1.9.1 Thermal Noise
  • 1.9.2 Other Sources of Electrical Noise
  • 1.10 Theme Examples
  • 1.10.1 Differentiation and Integration: RC Circuits
  • 1.10.2 MEMS Accelerometer
  • 1.10.3 Radar Range Measurement
  • 1.10.4 Moving-Average Systems
  • 1.10.5 Multipath Communication Channels
  • 1.10.6 Recursive Discrete-Time Computation
  • 1.11 Exploring Concepts with MATLAB
  • 1.11.1 Periodic Signals
  • 1.11.2 Exponential Signals
  • 1.11.3 Sinusoidal Signals
  • 1.11.4 Exponentially Damped Sinusoidal Signals
  • 1.11.5 Step, Impulse, and Ramp Functions
  • 1.11.6 User-Defined Function
  • 1.12 Summary
  • Further Reading
  • Additional Problems
  • Chapter 2 Time-Domain Representations of Linear Time-Invariant Systems
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 The Convolution Sum
  • 2.3 Convolution Sum Evaluation Procedure
  • 2.4 The Convolution Integral
  • 2.5 Convolution Integral Evaluation Procedure
  • 2.6 Interconnections of LTI Systems
  • 2.6.1 Parallel Connection of LTI Systems
  • 2.6.2 Cascade Connection of Systems
  • 2.7 Relations between LTI System Properties and the Impulse Response
  • 2.7.1 Memoryless LTI Systems
  • 2.7.2 Causal LTI Systems
  • 2.7.3 Stable LTI Systems
  • 2.7.4 Invertible Systems and Deconvolution
  • 2.8 Step Response
  • 2.9 Differential and Difference Equation Representations of LTI Systems
  • 2.10 Solving Differential and Difference Equations
  • 2.10.1 The Homogeneous Solution
  • 2.10.2 The Particular Solution
  • 2.10.3 The Complete Solution
  • 12.11 Characteristics of Systems Described by Differential and Difference Equations
  • 2.11.1 The Natural Response
  • 2.11.2 The Forced Response
  • 2.11.3 The Impulse Response
  • 2.11.4 Linearity and Time Invariance
  • 2.11.5 Roots of the Characteristic Equation
  • 2.12 Block Diagram Representations
  • 2.13 State-Variable Descriptions of LTI Systems
  • 2.13.1 The State-Variable Description
  • 2.13.2 Transformations of the State
  • 2.14 Exploring Concepts with MATLAB
  • 2.14.1 Convolution
  • 2.14.2 Step Response
  • 2.14.3 Simulating Difference Equations
  • 2.14.4 State-Variable Descriptions
  • 2.15 Summary
  • Further Reading
  • Additional Problems
  • Chapter 3 Fourier Representations of Signals and Linear Time-Invariant Systems
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Complex Sinusoids and Frequency Response of LTI Systems
  • 3.3 Fourier Representations for Four Classes of Signals
  • 3.3.1 Periodic Signals: Fourier Series Representations
  • 3.3.2 Nonperiodic Signals: Fourier-Transform Representations
  • 3.4 Discrete-Time Periodic Signals: The Discrete-Time Fourier Series
  • 13.5 Continuous-Time Periodic Signals: The Fourier Series
  • 13.6 Discrete-Time Nonperiodic Signals: The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
  • 3.7 Continuous-Time Nonperiodic Signals: The Fourier Transform
  • 3.8 Properties of Fourier Representations
  • 3.9 Linearity and Syn11netry Properties
  • 3.9.1 Symmetry Properties: Real and Imaginary Signals
  • 3.9.2 Symmetry Properties: Even and Odd Signals
  • 3.10 Convolution Property
  • 3.10.1 Convolution of Nonperiodic Signals
  • 3.10.2 Filtering
  • 3.10.3 Convolution of Periodic Signals
  • 3.11 Differentiation and Integration Properties
  • 3.11.1 Differentiation in Time
  • 3.11.2 Differentiation in Frequency
  • 3.11.3 Integration
  • 3.12 Time- and Frequency-Shift Properties
  • 3.12.1 Time-Shift Properly
  • 3.12.2 Frequency-Shift Property
  • 13.13 Finding Inverse Fourier Transforms by Vsing Partial-Fraction Expansions
  • 3.13.1 Inverse Fourier Transform
  • 3.13.2 Inverse Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
  • 3.14 Multiplication Property
  • 3.15 Scaling Properties
  • 3.16 Parseval Relationships
  • 3.17 Time-Bandwidth Product
  • 3.18 Duality
  • 3.18.1 The Duality Properly of the FT
  • 3.18.2 The Duality Properly of the DTFS
  • 3.18.3 The Dualily Properly of the DTFT and FS
  • 3.19 Exploring Concepts with MATLAB
  • 3.19.1 Frequency Response of LTI Systems from Impulse Response
  • 3.19.2 The DTFS
  • 3.19.3 The FS
  • 3.19.4 Frequency Response of LTI Systems Described by Differential or Difference Equations
  • 3.19.5 Time-Bandwidth Product
  • 3.20 Summary
  • Further Reading
  • Additional Problems
  • Chapter 4 Applications of Fourier Representations to Mixed Signal Classes
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Fourier Transform Representations of Periodic Signals
  • 4.2.1 Relating the FT to The FS
  • 4.2.2 Relating the DTFT to the DTFS
  • 14.3 Convolution and Multiplication with Mixtures of Periodic and Nonperiodic Signals
  • 4.3.1 Convolution of Periodic and Nonperiodic Signals
  • 4.3.2 Multiplication of Periodic and Nonperiodic Signals
  • 4.4 Fourier Transform Representation of Discrete-Time Signals
  • 4.4.1 Relating the FT to the DTFT
  • 4.4.2 Relating the FT to the DTFS
  • 4.5 Sampling
  • 4.5.1 Sampling Continuous-Time Signals
  • 4.5.2 Subsampling: Sampling Discrete-Time Signals
  • 4.6 Reconstruction of Continuous-Time Signals from Samples
  • 4.6.1 Sampling Theorem
  • 4.6.2 Ideal Reconstruction
  • 4.6.3 A Practical Reconstruction: The Zero-Order Hold
  • 4.7 Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals
  • 4.7.1 A Basic Discrete-Time Signal-Processing System
  • 4.7.2 Oversampling
  • 4.7.3 Decimation
  • 4.7.4 Interpolation
  • 4.8 Fourier Series Representations of Finite-Duration Nonperiodic Signals
  • 4.8.1 Relating the DTFS to the DTFT
  • 4.8.2 Relating the FS to the FT
  • 4.9 The Discrete-Time Fourier Series Approximation to the Fourier Transform
  • 14.10 Efficient Algorithms for Evaluating the DTFS
  • 4.11 Exploring Concepts with MATLAB
  • 4.11.1 Decimation and Interpolation
  • 4.11.2 Relating the DTFS to the DTFT
  • 4.11.3 Computational Applications of the DTFS
  • 4.12 Summary
  • Further Reading
  • Additional Problems
  • Chapter 5 Application to Communication Systems
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Types of Modulation
  • 5.3 Benefits of Modulation
  • 5.4 Full Amplitude Modulation
  • 5.4.1 Percentage of Modulation
  • 5.4.2 Generation of AM Wave
  • 5.4.3 Possible Waveforms of AM Wave
  • 5.4.4 Does Full-Amplitude Modulation Satisfy the Linearity Property?
  • 5.4.5 Frequency-Domain Description of Amplitude Modulation
  • 5.4.6 Spectral Overlap
  • 5.4.7 Demodulation of AM Wave
  • 5.5 Double Sideband-Suppressed Carrier Modulation
  • 5.5.1 Frequency-Domain Description
  • 5.5.2 Coherent Detection
  • 5.5.3 Costas Receiver
  • 5.6 Quadrature-Carrier Multiplexing
  • 5.7 Other Variants of Amplitude Modulation
  • 5.7.1 Frequency-Domain Description of SSB Modulation
  • 5.7.2 Time-Domain Description of SSB Modulation
  • 5.7.3 Vestigial Sideband Modulation
  • 5.8 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation
  • 5.8.1 Sampling Revisited
  • 5.8.2 Mathematical Description of PAM
  • 5.8.3 Demodulation of PAM Signal
  • 5.9 Multiplexing
  • 5.9.1 Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)
  • 5.9.2 Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)
  • 5.10 Phase and Group Delays
  • 5.10.1 Some Practical Considerations
  • 5.11 Exploring Concepts with MATLAB
  • 5.11.1 Full AM
  • 5.11.2 DSB-SC Modulation
  • 5.11.3 Phase and Group Delays
  • 5.12 Summary
  • Further Reading
  • Additional Problems
  • Chapter 6 Representing Signals by Using Continuous-Time Complex Exponentials: the Laplace Transform
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 The Laplace Transform
  • 6.2.1 Eigenfunction Properly of est
  • 6.2.2 Laplace Transform Representation
  • 6.2.3 Convergence
  • 6.2.4 The s-Plane
  • 6.2.5 Poles and Zeros
  • 6.3 The Unilateral Laplace Transform
  • 6.4 Properties of the Unilateral Laplace Transform
  • 6.5 Inversion of the Unilateral Laplace Transform
  • 6.6 Solving Differential Equations with Initial Conditions
  • 6.7 Laplace Transform Methods in Circuit Analysis
  • 6.8 Properties of the Bilateral Laplace Transform
  • 6.9 Properties of the Region of Convergence
  • 6.10 Inversion of the Bilateral Laplace Transform
  • 6.11 The Transfer Function
  • 6.11.1 The Transfer Function and Differential-Equation System Description
  • 6.12 Causality and Stability
  • 6.12.1 Inverse Systems
  • 6.13 Determining the Frequency Response from Poles and Zeros
  • 6.13.1 Graphical Evaluation of the Frequency Response
  • 6.13.2 Bode Diagrams
  • 6.14 Exploring Concepts with MATLAB
  • 6.14.1 Poles and Zeros
  • 6.14.2 Partial-Fraction Expansions
  • 6.14.3 Relating System Descriptions
  • 6.15 Summary
  • Further Reading
  • Additional Problems
  • Chapter 7 Representing Signals by Using Discrete-Time Complex Exponentials: The z-Transform
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 The z-Transform
  • 7.2.1 Convergence
  • 7.2.2 The z-Plane
  • 7.2.3 Poles and Zeros
  • 7.3 Properties of the Region of Convergence
  • 7.4 Properties of the z-Transform
  • 7.5 Inversion of the z-Transform
  • 7.5.1 Partial-Fraction Expansions
  • 7.5.2 Power Series Expansion
  • 7.6 The Transfer Function
  • 7.6.1 Relating the Transfer Function and the Difference Equation
  • 7.7 Causality and Stability
  • 7.7.1 Inverse Systems
  • 7.8 Determining the Frequency Response from Poles and Zeros
  • 7.9 Computational Structures for Implementing Discrete-Time LTI Systems
  • 7.10 The Unilateral z-Transfortn
  • 7.10.1 Definition and Properties
  • 7.10.2 Solving Difference Equations with Initial Conditions
  • 7.11 Exploring Concepts with MATLAB
  • 7.11.1 Poles and Zeros
  • 7.11.2 Inversion of the z-Transform
  • 7.11.3 Transform Analysis of LTI Systems
  • 7.11.4 Computational Structures for Implementing Discrete-Time LTI Systems
  • 7.12 Summary
  • Further Reading
  • Additional Problems
  • Chapter 8 Application to Filters and Equalizers
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Conditions for Distortionless Transmission
  • 8.3 Ideal Low-Pass Filters
  • 8.3.1 Transmission of a Rectangular Pulse Through an Ideal Low-Pass Filter
  • 8.4 Design of Filters
  • 8.5 Approximating Functions
  • 8.5.1 Butierworth Filters
  • 8.5.2 Chebyshev Filters
  • 8.6 Frequency Transformations
  • 8.6.1 Low-Pass to High-Pass Transformation
  • 8.6.2 Low-Pass to Band-Pass Transformation
  • 8.7 Passive Filters
  • 8.8 Digital Filters
  • 8.9 FIR Digital Filters
  • 8.9.1 Filtering of Speech Signals
  • 8.10 IIR Digital Filters
  • 8.11 Linear Distortion
  • 8.12 Equalization
  • 8.13 Exploring Concepts with MATLAB
  • 8.13.1 Transmission of a Rectangular Pulse through an Ideal Low-Pass Filter
  • 8.13.2 Fir Digital Filters
  • 8.13.3 Processing of Speech Signals
  • 8.13.4 IIR Digital Filters
  • 8.13.5 Equalization
  • 8.14 Summary
  • Further Reading
  • Additional Problems
  • Chapter 9 Application to Linear Feedback Systems
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 What Is Feedback?
  • 9.3 Basic Feedback Concepts
  • 9.3.1 Negative and Positive Feedback
  • 9.4 Sensitivity Analysis
  • 9.5 Effect of Feedback on Disturbance or Noise
  • 9.6 Distortion Analysis
  • 9.7 Summarizing Remarks on Feedback
  • 9.7.1 Benefits of Feedback
  • 9.7.2 Cost of Feedback
  • 9.8 Operational Amplifiers
  • 9.8.1 Active Filters
  • 9.9 Control Systems
  • 9.9.1 Open-Loop Control
  • 9.9.2 Closed-Loop Control
  • 9.10 Transient Response of Low-Order Systems
  • 9.10.1 First-Order System
  • 9.10.2 Second-Order System
  • 9.11 The Stability Problem
  • 9.11.1 First-Order Feedback System
  • 9.11.2 Second-Order Feedback System
  • 9.11.3 Third-Order Feedback System
  • 9.12 Routk…Hurwitz Criterion
  • 9.12.1 Sinusoidal Oscillators
  • 9.13 Root Locus Method
  • 9.13.1 Root Locus Criteria
  • 9.13.2 Properties of the Root Locus
  • 9.14 Nyquist Stability Criterion
  • 9.14.1 Enclosures and Encirclements
  • 9.14.2 Principle of the Argument
  • 9.14.3 Nyquist Contour
  • 9.15 Bode Diagram
  • 9.15.1 Relative Stability of a Feedback System
  • 9.15.2 Relation between the Bode Diagram and Nyquist Criterion
  • 9.16 Sampled-Data Systems
  • 9.16.1 System Description
  • 9.16.2 Properties of Laplace Transforms of Sampled Signals
  • 9.16.3 Closed-Loop Transfer Function
  • 9.16.4 STABILilY
  • 9.17 Exploring Concepts with MATLAB
  • 9.17.1 Closed-Loop Poles of Feedback System
  • 9.17.2 Root Locus Diagram
  • 9.17.3 Nyquist Stability Criterion
  • 9.17.4 Bode Diagram
  • 9.18 Summary
  • Further Reading
  • Additional Problems
  • Chapter 10 Epilogue
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Speech Signals: An Example of Nonstationarity
  • 10.3 Time-Frequency Analysis
  • 10.3.1 Orthonormal Bases of Functions
  • 10.3.2 Short-Time Fourier Transform
  • 10.3.3 Spectrograms of Speech Signals
  • 10.3.4 Wavelet Transform
  • 10.3.5 Image Compression using the Wavelet Transform
  • 10.4 Nonlinear Systems
  • 10.4.1 Phase-Space Analysis
  • 10.4.2 Describing-Function Analysis
  • 10.4.3 Lyapunov's Indirect Method: Stabilily of Equilibrium Points
  • 10.4.4 Lyapunov's Direct Method
  • 10.5 Adaptive Filters
  • 10.6 Concluding Remarks
  • Further Reading
  • Appendix A Selected Mathematical Identities
  • A.1 Trigonometry
  • A.2 Complex Numbers
  • A.2.1 Converting from Rectangular to Polar Coordinates
  • A.2.2 Converting from Polar to Rectangular Coordinates
  • A.2.3 Complex Conjugate
  • A.2.4 Euler's Formula
  • A.2.5 Other Identities
  • A.3 Geometric Series
  • A.4 Definite Integrals
  • A.4.1 Gaussian Pulses
  • A.4.2 Integration by Parts
  • A.5 Matrices
  • A.5.1 Addition
  • A.5.2 Multiplication
  • A.5.3 Inversion
  • Appendix B Partial-Fraction Expansions
  • B.1 Partial-Fraction Expansions of Continuous-Time Representations
  • 8.2 Partial-Fraction Expansionsof Discrete-Time Representation
  • Appendix C Tables of Fourier Representations and Properties
  • C.1 Basic Discrete-Time Fourier Series Pairs
  • C.2 Basic Fourier Series Pairs
  • C.3 Basic Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Pairs
  • C.4 Basic Fourier Transform Pairs
  • C.5 Fourier Transform Pairs for Periodic Signals
  • C.6 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Pairs for Periodic Signals
  • C.7 Properties of Fourier Representations
  • C.8 Relating the Four Fourier Representations
  • C.8.1 FT Representation for a Continuous-Time Periodic Signal
  • C.8.2 DTFT Representation for a Discrete-Time Periodic-Signal
  • C.8.3 FT Representation for a Discrete-Time Nonperiodic Signal
  • C.8.4 FT Representation for a Discrete-Time Nonperiodic Signal
  • C.9 Sampling and Aliasing Relationships
  • C.9.1 Impulse Sampling for Continuous-Time Signals
  • C.9.2 Sampling a Discrete-Time Signal
  • C.9.3 Sampling the DTFT in Frequency
  • C.9.4 Sampling Theft in Frequency
  • Appendix D Tables of Laplace Transforms and Properties
  • D.1 Basic Laplace Transforms
  • D.2 Laplace Transform Properties
  • D.2.1 Initial-Value Theorem
  • D.2.2 Final-Value Theorem
  • D.2.3 Unilateral Differentiation Properly, General Form
  • Appendix E Tables of z-Transforms and Properties
  • E.1 Basic z Transforms
  • E.1.1 Bilateral Transforms for Signals
  • E.2 z-Transform Properties
  • E.2.1 Unilateral z-Transform Time-Shift Properly
  • Appendix F Introduction to MATLAB
  • F.1 Basic Arithmetic Rules
  • F.2 Variables and Variable Names
  • F.3 Vectors and Matrices
  • F.4 Plotting in MATLAB
  • F.5 M-files
  • F.6 Additional Help
  • Index
  • EULA