Sheehy’s Manual of Emergency Care
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**American Journal of Nursing (AJN) Book of the Year Awards, 1st Place in Critical Care- Emergency Nursing, 2023****Selected for Doody’s Core Titles® 2024 in Emergency Care**Sheehy's Manual of Emergency Care, 8th Edition offers complete, up-to-date coverage of the essentials emergency nurses need to know. Each condition commonly seen in the emergency setting is thoroughly addressed, from signs and symptoms, to diagnosis, treatment, developmental considerations, patient education, and more.
Updated material and easy-to-reference contents make this resource a must-have for current practice. Quick-reference format is ideal for updating emergency nursing knowledge and improving patient care. Detailed discussions for each condition include signs and symptoms, diagnosis/diagnostic testing, treatment/interventions, age/developmental considerations, and patient/family education/discharge instructions.
Authorship from the Emergency Nurses Association for more than 30 years ensures this book is a mainstay for best practices in emergency nursing. Content presented in a bulleted format provides quick and easy access to vital information. Practice points highlighted in special boxes offer quick reference to important content. NEW! Restructured table of contents presents anatomically related medical and trauma chapters sequentially for quick reference.
NEW! Considerations for critical care in the ED. NEW! Considerations for the transgender patient. NEW! Section on human trafficking in the Interpersonal Violence and Abuse chapter. NEW! Section on violent risk assessment in the Workplace Violence chapter. NEW! Color photos insert visually highlights and clarifies key content. EXPANDED! Substance Abuse and Addiction Emergencies chapter covers methamphetamines, bath salts, marijuana edibles, opioid abuse/prescription drug abuse, heroin/Narcan, and substance abuse disorder.
Nánar um bókina
- Elsevier Health Sciences (US)
- 9780323710619
- 9780323710602
- ePub
- 8
- Andi Foley
- English
- 2022-12-30
- 10
Kaflar
- Sheehy's Manual of Emergency Care
- Cover
- Front Matter
- Sheehy’s Manual of Emergency Care
- Table of Contents
- Inside Front Cover
- Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Seventh edition Contributors
- Reviewers
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- List of Illustrations
- List of Tables
- 1 : Legal Considerations
- Nurse practice acts
- Delegation and unlicensed assistive personnel
- Negligence and malpractice
- Confidentiality and HIPAA regulations
- Mandated reporting
- EMTALA and interfacility transfers
- Consent
- Types of Consent
- Informed Consent
- Consent with Cultural and Language Barriers
- Consent for Minors
- Documentation
- Documenting Unusual Events
- Use of restraints
- Advanced directives
- Forensics: evidence collection and preservation
- Legal considerations summary
- References
- 2 : Ethical Considerations
- Principles of Medical Ethics 1 – 3
- Autonomy: Self-Determination and Freedom of Choice
- Beneficence: Promote Good
- Nonmaleficence: Do No Harm
- Social Justice: Fairness
- Ethical Frameworks 4
- Virtue Ethics
- Utilitarianism
- Duty (Deontological) Ethics
- Code of Ethics
- Decision-making
- Ethics Committees
- Institutional Review Boards
- Selected Ethical Situations
- Patient Capacity 8
- Conscientious Objection
- Do Not Resuscitate
- Leaving Against Medical Advice or Leaving Without Treatment
- Confidentiality
- Triage
- Moral Distress in Emergency Nursing
- Ethical Considerations Summary
- References
- 3 : Workplace Violence
- Violence Statistics 1 , 2
- Emergency Nursing Violence Statistics
- Definitions of Violence
- Bullying and Lateral Violence
- Addressing Bullying Behavior and Lateral Violence
- Violence Prevention Regulation
- Elements of a Violence Prevention Program
- Risk Factors for Violence
- Violence Prevention Education
- Clinical Violence Risk Assessments
- Responding to Violence
- Deescalation
- Physical Intervention
- Active Shooter Situations
- Flagging
- Reporting Violent Incidents
- Reporting Workplace Violence to the Hospital
- Reporting to Law Enforcement
- The Aftermath: Supporting Caregivers after Violence
- Caring for the Caregiver
- Workplace Violence Summary
- References
- 4 : Patient Safety
- What is Patient Safety?
- Building a Culture of Safety
- Involving the Stretcher-Side Nurse
- A “Just Culture”
- Leadership Support
- Technology
- Teamwork and Communication
- Reporting Errors
- System Challenges
- Pediatric Safety Considerations
- Pediatric Medication Safety Recommendations 15
- Disruptive Behavior
- Patient Safety Summary
- References
- 5 : Disaster Considerations
- Types of disasters
- Disaster framework
- Emergency preparedness background
- National incident management system
- Hospital Incident Command System
- COOP Plans
- Healthcare Coalition
- Planning and analysis
- Training and education
- Mitigation
- Preparedness
- Drills and Exercises
- Types of Exercise Evaluations and After Action Reports and Improvement Plan
- Response
- Recognize the Event
- Establish a Causality Collection Point
- Activate Resources
- Clear the Emergency Department
- Triage and Treatment
- Methods of disaster triage
- Simple Triage and Rapid Transport (START)
- JumpSTART
- SALT
- Hazardous materials (hazmat) considerations
- Chemical Agents
- Biologic Agents
- Nuclear/Radioactive
- Explosive
- Crisis standards of care
- Demobilization
- Recovery
- Disaster mental health
- Disaster considerations summary
- References
- 6 : Infectious Diseases
- Isolation precautions 1 , 2
- Standard Precautions 1 , 2
- Transmission-Based Precautions 1 , 2
- Contact Precautions 1 , 2
- Droplet Precautions 1 , 2
- Airborne Precautions 1 , 2
- Blood-borne infections
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus 3 , 4
- High-Risk Groups for Contracting HIV 4
- Nonspecific Signs and Symptoms Which Can Indicate the Presence of HIV 1 , 2 , 4
- Therapeutic Interventions 3 , 4
- Hepatitis B 1 , 2 , 5
- High-Risk Groups 5
- Transmission 1 , 2 , 5
- Signs and Symptoms 1 , 6 , 7
- Diagnostic Procedures 1 ,5– 7
- Therapeutic Intervention 1 ,5– 7
- Prevention 1 , 6 , 7
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis C 1 , 2 , 9
- Signs and Symptoms 1 , 9 , 10
- Diagnostic Procedures 10
- Therapeutic Intervention 10
- Airborne infections
- Coronavirus (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) 12
- Transmission
- Signs and Symptoms 12
- Isolation 12
- Influenza 1 , 14
- Transmission 1 , 2 , 14
- Signs and Symptoms 1 , 14
- Diagnostic Procedures 1 , 14
- Therapeutic Interventions 1 , 14
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis 1 , 15
- Transmission 1 , 2 , 15 , 16
- Signs and Symptoms 1 , 17
- Diagnostic Procedures 1 , 17
- Therapeutic Intervention 1 , 17
- Chickenpox (Varicella Zoster Virus) 1 , 18
- Transmission 1 , 2 , 18
- Signs and Symptoms 1 , 19
- Diagnostic Procedures 1 , 18
- Therapeutic Interventions 1 , 18
- Prevention 1 , 20
- Measles 1
- Transmission 1 , 2
- Signs and Symptoms 1
- Diagnostic Procedures 1
- Therapeutic Interventions 1
- Prevention 20
- Mumps 1 , 21
- Transmission 1 , 2
- Signs and Symptoms 1 , 21
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions 1 , 21
- Prevention
- Pertussis (Whooping Cough) 1 , 22
- Transmission 1 , 2 , 22
- Signs and Symptoms 1 , 21
- Diagnosis 1 , 23
- Therapeutic Interventions 1
- Prevention
- Diphtheria 1 , 24
- Transmission 1 , 2 , 24 , 25
- Signs and Symptoms 1 , 25
- Diagnostic Procedures 1 , 25
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Prevention 1 , 26
- Water-borne and food-borne infections
- Hepatitis A 1 , 27
- Transmission 1 , 2 , 27
- Signs and Symptoms 27
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Prevention 27
- Hepatitis E 1 , 28
- Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever 1 , 29
- Transmission 1 , 2 , 29
- Signs and Symptoms 29
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Prevention
- Vector-borne infections
- West Nile Virus 30
- Transmission
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Prevention
- Lyme Disease 31 , 32
- Signs and Symptoms 31 , 32
- Treatment
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 33
- Signs and Symptoms
- Dermal infections
- Scabies 1 , 36
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Prevention
- Ringworm 37
- Transmission
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Prevention
- Other selected infection emergencies
- Herpes Zoster (Shingles) 1 , 38
- Transmission
- Signs and Symptoms
- Complications
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Prevention
- Meningitis 1
- Bacterial Meningitis
- Signs and symptoms
- Viral Meningitis
- Signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures for Bacterial and Viral Causes
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Prevention
- Infectious disease summary
- References
- 7 : Triage
- Emergency medical treatment and active labor act
- Consent for treatment
- Triage qualifications
- Triage process
- General Impression
- Triage Assessment Interview
- Triage Vital Signs
- Objective Data
- Triage Acuity Rating
- Triage Documentation
- Safety and Security
- Infection Prevention and Control
- Valid and reliable triage acuity systems
- Australasian Triage Scale
- Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale
- Emergency Severity Index
- Manchester Triage Scale
- Triage “modifications”
- Two-Tiered Triage Systems
- Triage Bypass
- Team Triage—AKA “Provider in Triage”
- Clinical decision support
- Clinical Tools and Rules
- EHR Logic
- Machine Learning
- Managing the waiting room
- Triage care and diagnostics
- Special triage situations
- Telephone Triage
- Disaster Triage
- Triage summary
- References
- 8 : Care of the Patient With Pain
- Types of pain
- Pain assessment
- Pain Assessment Tools
- Multidimensional Pain Assessment
- Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic
- Concern-Raising Behaviors
- Discharge of patients prescribed opioid analgesia
- Providing comfort for the patient in pain
- Pharmacologic Interventions
- Nonpharmacologic Interventions
- Nurse-Initiated Protocols
- Emergency pain management summary
- References
- 9 : Forensic Considerations
- Basics of forensics
- Classification of evidence
- Uses of evidence
- Evidence collection and preservation
- Collection and Management Principles
- Handling and disposition of evidence
- Handling of Evidence
- Documentation of Evidence
- Sketching, Drawing, and Diagramming the Injury
- Photographic Documentation
- Chain of Custody
- Legal Responsibilities When Evidence is Collected
- Forensics of injuries
- Blunt Force Trauma Injury
- Sharp Force Injury
- Penetrating Ballistic Injury
- Gun Shot Wound (GSW) Categories
- Gunshot Residue (GSR)
- Other GSW Considerations
- Selected types of evidence
- Biological Evidence
- Biological Agents
- Blood Stains and Patterns
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- Evidence Collection of Biological Materials
- Foreign Objects, Hairs, Fibers, and Debris
- Forensic nursing opportunities
- Forensic considerations summary
- References
- 10 : Patient Care Management
- Initial assessment
- General Impression
- Alertness and Airway
- Breathing and Ventilation
- Circulation and Control of Hemorrhage
- Intravenous Catheter Site Selection
- Catheter Selection
- Intravenous Fluid
- Disability
- Exposure and Environmental Control
- Full Set of Vitals and Family Presence
- Get Resuscitation Adjuncts 1 , 2
- Give Comfort
- History
- Head-to-Toe Assessment
- Inspect Posterior Surfaces
- Just Keep Reevaluating
- Jot It Down
- Handoff
- Patient care management summary
- References
- 11 : Respiratory Emergencies
- Airway and ventilation assessment
- History
- Respiratory assessment
- Physical Assessment
- History
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Pulse Oximetry
- Capnography
- Peak Flow Measurement
- Arterial Blood Gases
- Airway management
- Common Airway Adjuncts
- Supplemental Oxygen
- Oropharyngeal Airways
- Nasopharyngeal Airway
- Bag-Mask Ventilation
- Suctioning
- Endotracheal Intubation
- Assessment of Endotracheal Tube Placement
- Drug-Assisted Intubation
- Alternative Invasive Airways
- Laryngeal Mask Airway
- Laryngeal Tube Airway (King LTS-D)
- i-gel Supraglottic Airway
- Emergency Airway Techniques
- Percutaneous Transtracheal Ventilation
- Surgical Cricothyrotomy
- Ventilation management
- Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
- Mechanical Ventilation
- Precautions With Mechanical Ventilation
- Caring for Mechanically Ventilated Patients
- Selected airway emergencies
- Soft Tissue Swelling or Edema in the Airway
- Allergic Reaction
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Infectious Process or Mass
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Angioedema
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Foreign Body Aspiration
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected respiratory emergencies
- Asthma Exacerbations
- Asthma Triggers
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Acute Bronchitis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Pneumonia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- COVID-19
- Signs and Symptoms 19
- Complications
- Diagnostic Procedures 20
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Emergency Airway Management
- Endotracheal intubation 26
- Prevention
- Pleural Effusion
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Spontaneous Pneumothorax
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures 3
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Submersion Injury
- Risk Factors
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Respiratory emergencies summary
- References
- 12 : Cardiovascular Emergencies
- Assessment of chest pain
- General cardiac diagnostic procedures and interventions 4
- Selected cardiac emergencies
- Cardiopulmonary
- Acute Aortic Dissection
- Risk Factors for Aortic Dissection 4 , 5
- Signs and Symptoms 4 , 5
- Diagnostic Procedures 4 , 5
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Acute Coronary Syndrome
- Signs and Symptoms 3
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions 4
- Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
- Common Precipitating Conditions
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures 13
- Therapeutic Interventions 13
- Hypertensive Emergency
- Signs and Symptoms 14
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Pericarditis
- Signs and Symptoms 15
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Acute Arterial Occlusion
- Signs and Symptoms 4
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Supraventricular Tachycardia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Symptomatic Bradycardia
- Signs and Symptoms of Poor Perfusion
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Cardiac Implantable Devices
- Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Ventricular Assist Devices
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures 18
- Therapeutic Interventions 18
- Cardiovascular emergencies summary
- References
- 13 : Cardiopulmonary Arrest
- Management of cardiopulmonary arrest
- Chest Compressions
- Airway Control
- Breathing and Ventilation
- Obtaining Vascular Access
- Defibrillation
- Medications
- Epinephrine
- Amiodarone and Lidocaine
- Esmolol
- Treat Reversible Causes
- The team approach
- Family presence during resuscitation
- Selected causes of cardiac arrest
- Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation
- Asystole or Pulseless Electrical Activity
- Traumatic Cardiopulmonary Arrest
- Cardiopulmonary Arrest in the Pregnant Woman
- Cardiac Arrest With Left Ventricular Assist Device
- Patient management following successful resuscitation
- Early Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
- Targeted Temperature Management
- Cardiopulmonary arrest summary
- References
- 14 : Chest Trauma
- Selected immediately life-threatening chest injuries
- Tension Pneumothorax
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Simple Pneumothorax
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Communicating Pneumothorax
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Hemothorax
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Flail Chest
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Myocardial Rupture
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected potentially life-threatening chest trauma
- Blunt Injuries to the Thoracic Aorta
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Blunt Cardiac Injury
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Pulmonary Contusion
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Tracheobronchial Disruption
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Diaphragm Rupture
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Esophageal Perforation
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected non–life-threatening chest trauma
- Rib Fractures
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Sternal Fractures
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Clavicle Fractures and Dislocations
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Scapular Fractures
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Chest trauma summary
- References
- 15 : Shock Emergencies
- Pathophysiology
- Stages of shock
- Compensated Shock
- Uncompensated (Progressive) Shock
- Irreversible (Refractory) Shock
- Monitoring the patient in shock
- Types of shock
- Hypovolemic Shock
- Etiology
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Crystalloids and colloids
- Blood replacement
- Massive transfusion
- Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta
- Cardiogenic Shock
- Etiology
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Distributive Shock
- Anaphylactic Shock
- Etiology
- Signs and symptoms
- Therapeutic interventions
- Neurogenic Shock
- Etiology
- Signs and symptoms
- Therapeutic interventions
- Septic Shock
- Etiology
- Signs and symptoms
- Therapeutic interventions
- Obstructive Shock
- Etiology
- Therapeutic Interventions
- End points of shock resuscitation
- Shock summary
- References
- 16 : Neurologic Emergencies
- Neurologic assessment
- Level of Consciousness
- Responsiveness
- Pupillary Assessment
- Cranial Nerve Assessment
- Reflex Assessment
- Motor Function Assessment
- Sensory Function Assessment
- Selected neurologic emergencies
- Unconsciousness/Coma
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Stroke
- General Stroke Signs and Symptoms
- Initial Stroke Screening Tools
- General Stroke Diagnostic Procedures
- In-Depth Neurological Examination for Stroke
- Transient Ischemic Attack
- Ischemic Stroke
- Therapeutic interventions
- Intravenous fibrinolytic therapy
- Mechanical recanalization
- Hemorrhagic Stroke
- Intracerebral hemorrhage signs and symptoms 18
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic procedures for hemorrhagic stroke
- Therapeutic interventions
- Headache
- Tension Headache
- Cluster Headache
- Migraine Headache
- Traumatic Headache
- Headache Assessment
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions
- Seizures
- Seizure Types
- Seizure Management 6
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Temporal Arteritis
- Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome
- Guillain–Barré Syndrome
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Neurogenic Shock
- Ventricular Shunt Dysfunction
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Neurologic emergencies summary
- References
- 17 : Head, Neck, and Vertebral Column Trauma
- Trauma to the head
- Trauma to the neck
- Trauma to the vertebral column
- Cerebral perfusion principles
- Physical assessment of the neurologically injured patient
- Signs and Symptoms of Increased Intracranial Pressure 1 , 4
- General diagnostics and interventions
- Imaging
- Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
- Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Systems 3
- Interventions to Reduce Intracranial Pressure 1
- Selected head injuries
- Skull Fractures
- Simple (Linear, Nondisplaced) Skull Fractures
- Depressed Skull Fractures
- Signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic procedures
- Therapeutic interventions
- Basilar Skull Fractures
- Signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic procedures
- Therapeutic interventions
- Diffuse Brain Injuries
- Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion)
- Signs and symptoms which may be present or develop over time 3
- Diagnostic procedures
- Therapeutic interventions
- Postconcussive syndrome sequelae 1 , 4
- Diffuse Axonal Injury
- Signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic procedures
- Focal Brain Injuries
- Contusion
- Signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions
- Intracranial Bleeding
- Epidural (Extradural) Hematomas
- Signs and symptoms
- Therapeutic interventions
- Subdural Hematoma
- Signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic procedures
- Therapeutic interventions
- Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic procedures
- Therapeutic interventions
- Intracerebral (Brain) Hemorrhage
- Signs and symptoms 4
- Penetrating Injuries
- Diagnostic procedures
- Therapeutic interventions
- Herniation of the Brain
- Uncal (or Lateral Transtentorial) Herniation
- Central Herniation
- Diagnostic procedures
- Selected neck injuries
- Penetrating Neck Wounds
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Fractured Larynx
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected vertebral and spinal cord injuries
- Cervical Spine Dislocations and Fractures
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Spinal Cord Injuries
- Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury
- Spinal Stabilization
- General Assessment
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Incomplete Spinal Cord Lesions
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Complete Spinal Cord Lesions
- Signs and Symptoms 6
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Autonomic Dysreflexia
- Signs and Symptoms 1
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Head, neck, and vertebral column trauma summary
- References
- 18 : Facial, Ocular, ENT, and Dental Emergencies
- Selected facial emergencies
- Acute Rhinosinusitis (Sinusitis and Rhinosinusitis)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Periorbital (Preseptal) and Orbital Cellulitis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected eye emergencies
- Infections of the Eye
- Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Patient Education
- Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions 6
- Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected ear, nose, throat emergencies
- Infections of the Ear
- Ruptured Tympanic Membrane 9
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Cerumen Impaction
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Foreign Body in the Ear
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Epistaxis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Nasal Foreign Bodies
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Peritonsillar Abscess
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Retropharyngeal Abscess
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected dental emergencies
- Ludwig's Angina
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Body piercing of the face, ears, and tongue
- Facial, ocular, ent, and dental emergencies summary
- References
- 19 : Facial, Ocular, ENT, and Dental Trauma
- Primary assessment
- Secondary assessment
- Facial soft tissue trauma 6
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Patient and Family Teaching
- Auricular trauma
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Facial fractures
- Nasal Fracture
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Zygomatic Fractures
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Orbital Rim Fractures
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Maxillary (Midface) Fractures
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Mandibular Fractures 8
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Intervention
- Dental trauma
- Ocular trauma 9
- General Principles
- Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
- Signs and Symptoms
- Patient and Family Teaching
- Eyelid Lacerations
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Hyphema
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Patient and Family Teaching
- Foreign Bodies
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Conjunctival and Corneal Lacerations and Abrasions
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Rupture of the Globe
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Acute Retinal Detachment 10
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Ocular Burns
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Facial, ocular, ENT, and dental trauma summary
- References
- 20 : Abdominal and Genitourinary Emergencies
- Initial evaluation
- History
- Physical Assessment
- Vital Signs
- Respiratory and Cardiac Assessment
- Abdominal Assessment 2 , 3
- Position 2 , 3
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Selected abdominal emergencies
- Peritonitis 2 – 4
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Acute Gastroenteritis 2 , 3 , 5
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Appendicitis 2 ,3,6– 8
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures 7 – 9
- Therapeutic Interventions 6 , 7
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Esophagitis 2 ,3,10– 13
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding 2 , 3
- Signs and Symptoms 2 , 3 , 14
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding 2 , 3 , 9
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Peptic Ulcer Disease 2 , 3 , 15 , 16
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Mallory-Weiss Syndrome 2 , 3 , 17 , 18
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Bleeding Esophageal Varices 2 , 3 , 9 , 19 , 20
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Cholecystitis 2 , 3 , 9 , 21 , 22
- Signs and Symptoms 2 , 3 , 21
- Diagnostic Procedures 21 , 22
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Pancreatitis 2 ,3, 2 3– 25
- Signs and Symptoms 23
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Intestinal Obstruction 2 , 3 , 26 , 27
- Signs and Symptoms 26
- Diagnostic Procedures 26 , 27
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Incarcerated Hernia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome 2 ,3, 2 9– 33
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease 34 – 36
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Diverticulitis 2 , 3 , 37 , 38
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Esophageal Obstruction
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected genitourinary emergencies
- Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis 2 , 3 , 39
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Gross Hematuria 40 , 41
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Renal Calculi 2 , 3 , 42
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Urinary Tract Infection (Acute Cystitis) 2 , 3 , 43 , 44
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected genitourinary problems unique to male anatomy
- Testicular Torsion 45 – 47
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Acute Epididymitis 47 , 49
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Testicular Tumor 47 , 50 – 51
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Priapism 46 , 52 , 53
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Fournier's Gangrene 47 ,54– 56
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Paraphimosis 46
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Acute Prostatitis 46
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Penile Fracture 54
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected emergencies in dialysis patients 2 , 3
- Clotted Vascular Access
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Fistula Infection
- Abdominal and genitourinary emergencies summary
- References
- 21 : Abdominal and Genitourinary Trauma
- Blunt trauma
- Penetrating trauma
- Physical assessment of the abdomen 1 – 3
- Diagnostic procedures
- Laboratory Tests
- Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma 1 – 4
- Abdominal Computed Tomography 1 –3, 5
- Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage 1 – 3
- Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta
- Therapeutic interventions 1 – 3
- Selected abdominal organ injuries
- The pregnant patient with abdominal trauma 1 –3,9, 10
- Abdominal and genitourinary trauma summary
- References
- 22 : Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies
- Selected complications of pregnancy
- Ectopic Pregnancy
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Abortion
- General Postabortion Care
- Discharge Instructions
- Gestational Hypertension (GHTN) Disorders 11 – 13
- Classification of the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (See Table 22.4 )
- Eclampsia
- Therapeutic Interventions for Severe Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and HELLP
- Bleeding in Pregnancy
- Placenta Previa
- Signs and symptoms
- Therapeutic interventions
- Placental Abruption
- Signs and symptoms
- Therapeutic interventions
- Emergent delivery
- Signs and Symptoms of Impending Delivery
- Necessary Equipment for Emergent Delivery
- Procedure for Emergent Delivery
- Delivery of the Placenta
- Signs and Symptoms of Impending Placental Delivery
- Procedure for Delivering the Placenta
- Care of the Patient After Giving Birth
- Care of the Newborn
- Complications of delivery
- Meconium-Stained Fluid
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Breech Position of the Fetus
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Shoulder Dystocia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions 21
- Prolapsed Cord
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Postpartum Hemorrhage
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Nonpregnancy-related abdominal pain
- General Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Dysmenorrhea
- Pelvic Adnexal Torsion
- Ovarian Cyst
- Endometriosis
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
- Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
- Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
- Nonsexually Transmitted External Genitalia Complaints
- Foreign Bodies
- Bartholin Cyst
- Obstetric and gynecologic emergencies summary
- References
- 23 : Obstetric and Gynecologic Trauma
- Assessment of the obstetric trauma patient
- Primary Assessment
- Pregnancy Considerations Using the Initial Trauma Assessment
- A irway
- Breathing
- Circulation
- Fetal Assessment and Management
- Fetal Stress and Distress Indicator
- Interventions
- Maternal Management
- Selected obstetric traumatic emergencies
- Preterm Labor
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Placental Abruption
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Uterine Rupture
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Perimortem Cesarean Delivery
- Gynecologic Trauma
- Obstetric and gynecologic trauma summary
- References
- 24 : Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Patient history and assessment
- Selected sexually transmitted infection emergencies
- Human Papillomavirus (Genital Warts)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Herpes Simplex Virus
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Gonorrhea
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Chlamydia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Syphilis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Vaginitis 9
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 13
- Risk Factors for PID
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures 13
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Tubo-Ovarian Abscess
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Sexually transmitted infection summary
- References
- 25 : Musculoskeletal Trauma
- Initial assessment
- Focused History
- Inspection
- Palpation
- Assessing Neurovascular Status
- Age-Specific Considerations
- Emergency care of an injured extremity
- Splinting
- Edema
- Pain Management
- Selected musculoskeletal injuries
- Fractures
- Open and Closed Fractures
- Joint Injuries
- Soft Tissue Injuries
- Sprains
- Strains
- Compartment Syndrome
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Crush Syndrome
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Traumatic Amputation
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Musculoskeletal trauma summary
- References
- 26 : Wound Management
- General wound management
- Wound healing
- Wound assessment
- Wound management considerations
- Wound Preparation
- Contaminated Wounds
- Skin Antisepsis and Cleanser
- Hair Removal
- Mechanical Irrigation
- Tetanus Immunization
- Prophylactic Antibiotics
- Anesthesia
- Anesthetic Agents
- Anesthetic Allergy
- Infiltration Anesthesia
- Digital Block
- Topical Anesthesia
- Procedural Sedation
- Wound Closure
- Wound Closure Materials
- Closure Techniques
- Tape closure.
- Suture.
- Staples.
- Wound glue.
- Wound Drainage Devices
- Wound Dressing and Aftercare
- Removal of Glue, Sutures, and Staples
- Aftercare Instructions
- Wound management for selected injuries
- Abrasions
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Abscesses
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Avulsions
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Contusions
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Subungual Hematoma
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Incisions and Lacerations
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Punctures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Plantar Puncture Wounds
- Gunshot Wounds
- Therapeutic Interventions
- High-Pressure Injuries 13
- Ulcers
- Pressure Injury/Ulcer
- Venous Ulcers
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Diabetic Foot Ulcers
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Bites
- Therapeutic Interventions for All Bites
- Dog Bites
- Cat Bites
- Wound emergencies summary
- References
- 27 : Burn Trauma
- Etiology
- Pathophysiology
- Primary survey and selected injuries
- Airway and Breathing
- Inhalation Injury
- Mechanism of Injury
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions and Diagnostic Procedures
- Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- Therapeutic Interventions and Diagnostic Procedures
- Circumferential Burns
- Therapeutic Interventions and Diagnostic Procedures
- Circulation
- Disability
- Exposure
- Burn severity: depth and extent
- Determine Depth of Burns
- Determine Extent of Burns
- Fluid resuscitation
- Determine need for transfer to burn center
- Secondary assessment
- History
- Head-to-Toe Assessment
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Pain management
- Wound care
- Additional interventions for burns
- Assessing for maltreatment
- Burn trauma summary
- References
- 28 : Interpersonal Violence and Abuse
- Facts and information
- Types of maltreatment
- Neglect
- Physical Abuse
- Sexual Abuse
- Emotional Abuse
- Mandatory reporting for protected populations
- Examination for interpersonal violence
- Therapeutic interventions
- Advocacy and support services
- Safety plan and discharge
- Documentation
- General Photography Guidelines
- Factitious disorder imposed on another
- Child maltreatment
- Patient History
- Signs and Symptoms
- Child Maltreatment Mimics
- Strategies for Prevention of Child Maltreatment
- Child sexual assault material
- Adverse childhood experiences
- Adverse Childhood Experiences Prevention
- Adverse Community Environments
- Human trafficking
- Intimate partner violence
- Signs and Symptoms
- Screening for Intimate Partner Violence
- Teen Dating and Intimate Partner Violence
- Legal Obligations in Intimate Partner Violence
- Strangulation
- Maltreatment concerns for the LGBTQIA+ community
- Elder and dependent/incapacitated adult abuse
- Signs and Symptoms
- Financial Exploitation
- Long-Term Care Issues
- Interpersonal violence and abuse summary
- References
- 29 : Sexual Assault
- General approach
- Sexual assault nurse examiner
- Triage
- Primary assessment
- History
- Sexual Assault History Components
- Health History
- Physical assessment
- Basic principles of sexual assault evidence collection
- Evidence preservation 11
- Clothing/Underwear
- Biological Samples
- Buccal Specimen
- Oral Specimen
- Dried Secretion Specimen
- Fingernail Specimen
- Female Genitalia Specimen
- Male Genitalia Specimen
- Anal Specimen
- Anogenital Foreign Body Specimen
- Labeling and Packaging Specimens
- Forensic toxicology
- Documentation
- Forensic photography
- Chain of custody
- Diagnostic procedures
- Therapeutic interventions
- Tetanus
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Hepatitis B
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Emergency Contraception
- Emotional and mental health well-being
- Rape Trauma Syndrome
- Suicide Assessment and Prevention
- Discharge and followup care
- Safe Discharge Plan
- Discharge Instructions
- Followup Appointments
- Sexual assault summary
- References
- 30 : Environmental Emergencies
- Hypothermia 1 , 2
- Pathophysiology
- Therapeutic Interventions 1
- Prevention 4
- Rewarming
- Selected cold-induced injuries
- Chilblains
- Immersion Foot 9
- Frostbite 1
- Superficial Frostbite 4
- Signs and symptoms
- Deep Frostbite 4
- Signs and symptoms
- Selected heat-induced illnesses
- Lightning injuries
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions 11
- Prevention 12
- 30–30 Rule for Lightning Safety 11
- Diving emergencies
- Dive Depth and Gas Volumes
- Recompression Therapy
- Resources for Diving Emergencies
- High-altitude pulmonary edema 16 , 17
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Environmental emergencies summary
- References
- 31 : Bite and Sting Emergencies
- Rabies
- Signs and Symptoms
- Prevention
- Postexposure Prophylaxis
- Tick-borne illnesses
- Tick Removal 7
- Prevention
- Snakebites
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic and Diagnostic Interventions 12
- Spider (arachnid) bites
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Scorpion stings
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Bee, wasp, hornet, and fire ant stings 19
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Marine bites and envenomations
- Stingrays 20
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Jellyfish
- Therapeutic Interventions 22
- Seabather's Eruption 23
- Bite and sting emergencies summary
- References
- 32 : Metabolic Emergencies
- Nursing Interventions for Suspected Metabolic Emergencies
- Selected diabetic emergencies
- Hypoglycemic Emergencies
- Signs and Symptoms 4 , 5
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Treatment of hypoglycemia in the conscious patient
- Treatment of hypoglycemia in the semiconscious or unconscious patient
- When vascular access is not readily available 1 , 5 , 8
- Assistive technologies for diabetes.
- Hyperglycemic Emergencies: Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Anion Gap
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Fluid replacement.
- Reverse ketonemia and hyperglycemia and administer insulin.
- Glucose measurement.
- Replace electrolytes.
- Hyperglycemic Emergencies: Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
- Signs and Symptoms 1 , 15
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected pituitary emergencies
- Diabetes Insipidus
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions 1 , 16
- Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
- Signs and Symptoms 1
- Diagnostic Procedures 1
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected thyroid emergencies
- Acute Thyrotoxicosis and Thyroid Storm
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions 1 , 8 , 9 , 18
- Myxedema Coma (Hypothyroid Coma)
- Signs and Symptoms 1 , 20
- Diagnostic Procedures 1 , 20
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Selected adrenal emergencies
- Cushing Syndrome
- Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
- Signs and Symptoms 1 , 22
- Diagnostic Procedures 1 , 7 , 22
- Therapeutic Interventions 1 , 22
- Pheochromocytoma
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures 23
- Therapeutic Interventions 1 , 5 , 23
- Selected electrolyte emergencies
- Calcium Disturbances
- Hypocalcemia
- Signs and symptoms. 6 , 25
- Therapeutic interventions 8 , 25
- Hypercalcemia
- Signs and symptoms. 8 , 25
- Therapeutic interventions 7
- Magnesium Disturbances
- Hypomagnesemia 7 , 8
- Signs and symptoms 7 , 25
- Therapeutic interventions
- Hypermagnesemia
- Signs and symptoms 1 , 4 , 5
- Therapeutic interventions 7 , 8 , 25
- Phosphorus Disturbances
- Hypophosphatemia
- Signs and symptoms.
- Therapeutic interventions 7 , 8 , 25
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Signs and symptoms.
- Therapeutic interventions.
- Potassium Disturbances
- Hypokalemia
- Signs and symptoms 4 , 7 , 25
- Therapeutic interventions 4 , 7 , 8 , 25
- Hyperkalemia
- Signs and symptoms 4 , 7 , 25
- Therapeutic interventions 4 , 8 , 25 , 28
- Sodium Disturbances 7 , 25
- Hyponatremia
- Signs and symptoms. 4 , 7 , 25 , 29
- Therapeutic Interventions 4 , 25 , 29
- Hypernatremia
- Signs and symptoms 7 , 25 , 31
- Therapeutic interventions 25 , 31
- Metabolic emergencies summary
- References
- 33 : Hematologic, Oncologic, and Immunologic Emergencies
- Hematologic emergencies
- Anemia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Abnormal Vital Signs
- Chief Complaints
- Vaso-Occlusive Crisis
- Signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic procedures
- Therapeutic interventions
- Hemophilia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Hematologic malignancies
- Leukemia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Lymphoma
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Oncologic emergencies
- Immunologic emergencies
- Transplanted Organ Rejection
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Hematologic, oncologic, and immunologic emergencies summary
- References
- 34 : Toxicologic Emergencies
- General priorities for known or suspected poisoned patients
- General Approach to the Patient With a Known or Suspected Poison Ingestion
- Identifying the poison
- Toxidromes
- Anticholinergic Toxidrome 7 , 9
- Cholinergic Toxidrome 7 , 9
- Sedative Toxidrome
- Opioid Toxidrome
- Sympathomimetic Toxidrome 9
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- Therapeutic interventions for poisonings and overdoses
- Gastrointestinal Decontamination
- Induced Emesis
- Single-Dose Activated Charcoal
- Whole-Bowel Irrigation
- Hemodialysis and Charcoal Hemoperfusion
- Multiple-Dose Activated Charcoal
- Other Extracorporeal Techniques
- Selected toxicologic emergencies
- Analgesics
- Acetaminophen
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity 17
- Therapeutic interventions
- Salicylates
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity
- Diagnostic testing
- Therapeutic interventions
- Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity 21
- Therapeutic interventions
- Common Prescription Medications
- Cardiovascular Medications
- Beta-Blockers and calcium channel blockers. 22 – 24
- Signs and Symptoms of Toxicity 22 – 24
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Clonidine
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Digitalis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions 22
- Psychotropic Medication
- Tricyclic Antidepressants
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity
- Therapeutic interventions
- Antipsychotics
- Signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions 28
- Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
- Signs and symptoms 27
- Therapeutic interventions
- Lithium
- Signs and symptoms
- Therapeutic interventions
- Benzodiazepines
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity
- Therapeutic interventions
- Toxic Alcohol
- Signs and symptoms
- Other signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions
- Oral Diabetic Medications
- Signs and Symptoms of Toxicity
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Environmental Poison
- Iron
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity
- Diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions
- Pesticides/Insecticides
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity
- Therapeutic interventions
- Cyanide
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity 37
- Therapeutic interventions
- Petroleum Distillates (Hydrocarbons)
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity 38
- Therapeutic interventions
- Prevention and education
- Toxicological emergencies summary
- References
- 35 : Substance Abuse and Addiction Emergencies
- Changing the culture
- Stigma-Free Language
- Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment in the Emergency Department
- Screening Tools
- Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment
- Drug and alcohol emergencies
- Guidelines to Drug and Alcohol Emergencies
- Opioids
- Overdose Assessment and Treatment
- Opiate Reversal
- Opioid Use Disorder
- Buprenorphine
- Rapid Treatment
- Stimulants (sympathomimetics)
- Methamphetamine
- Methyl enedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA)
- Cocaine
- Cannabis
- Designer drugs: novel psychoactive substances
- Hallucinogens and dissociative drugs
- Ketamine
- Inhalants
- Alcohol
- Evaluation
- Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Intoxication
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Alcohol Withdrawal
- Ongoing Assessment
- Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal
- Toxic Alcohol Ingestion
- Substance abuse and addiction disease summary
- References
- 36 : Critical Care in the Emergency Department
- Approach to ongoing critical care
- Assessment
- Routine Care
- Airway and breathing
- Airway
- Respiration
- Ventilation
- Nursing Care of the Mechanically Ventilated Patient 9 , 10
- Circulation
- Hemodynamic Monitoring
- Fluid Replacement
- Reducing Blood Pressure and Cardiac Output
- Increasing Blood Pressure and Cardiac Output
- Medication 13
- Devices
- Neurological
- Delirium
- Sedation and Analgesia
- Complementary Therapy
- Medication 13
- Family engagement
- Diagnostic studies
- Resources
- Critical care in the emergency department summary
- References
- 37 : Palliative Care and End-of-Life Considerations
- Palliative care 1
- Hospice care 2
- End-of-life decisions
- Advance Directives 4
- Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment 6
- Do Not Resuscitate
- Out-of-Hospital Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders
- Selected end-of-life emergencies
- Uncontrolled Pain
- Delirium 7
- Bowel Obstruction
- Spinal Cord Compression
- Seizures
- Massive Hemorrhage
- Organ and tissue donation
- General Tissue and Organ Donor Criteria
- Determination of Death for Organ Donation
- Donor Management
- Procurement Process
- Death notification and postmortem care
- Pediatric death
- Fetal Loss
- Palliative care and end-of-life considerations summary
- References
- 38 : Pediatric Emergency and Trauma Considerations
- Pediatric triage
- Pediatric Assessment Triangle
- Focused Assessment and History 1
- Vital Signs
- Temperature
- Blood Pressure
- Triage Acuity Rating Decision
- Medication administration and intravenous therapy
- Oral Medications
- Intranasal Administration
- Intramuscular Medications
- Subcutaneous Injections
- Intravenous Therapy
- Selected pediatric emergencies
- Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Arrest
- Brief Resolved Unexplained Event 8
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) 9 , 10
- Therapeutic Interventions
- The Unconscious Pediatric Patient
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Airway Obstruction 3
- Nasopharyngeal Obstruction
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Oropharyngeal Obstruction
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Epiglottitis 3
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Viral Croup 3
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Bronchiolitis 3 , 12
- Etiology 12
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Asthma 12
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Pertussis
- Pneumonia 3 , 12
- Pediatric Fever 3 , 13
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Febrile Seizures
- Signs and Symptoms 3 , 13
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Meningitis 3
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Meningococcemia 3
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Emergencies
- Vomiting and Diarrhea
- Etiology
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Pyloric Stenosis 3
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Intussusception 3
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Volvulus
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Pediatric trauma assessment and treatment
- Primary Assessment
- Airway
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Breathing
- Assessment.
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Circulation
- Assessment 19
- Therapeutic Interventions.
- Disability (Neurologic Evaluation)
- Assessment
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Secondary Assessment
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Selected traumatic pediatric injuries
- Head Trauma
- Care Considerations
- Blunt Abdominal Trauma
- Care Considerations
- Extremity Trauma
- Care Considerations
- Prevention of pediatric trauma
- Pediatric emergency and trauma summary
- References
- 39 : Mental Health Emergencies
- Mental health triage
- Mental health assessment
- Initial Assessment
- Secondary Assessment
- General approach to the patient
- Mental health emergencies without psychoses
- Anxiety Disorders
- Panic Disorder and Acute Anxiety Attacks
- Signs and symptoms
- Therapeutic interventions
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Signs and symptoms
- Therapeutic interventions
- Depressive Disorders
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Signs and symptoms
- Therapeutic interventions
- Acute Grief
- Signs and symptoms
- Therapeutic interventions
- Suicide
- Assessment of Suicide Potential
- Gender, race, and ethnicity
- Age 10 , 14
- Family history
- Seasonal variations
- Other risk factors for suicide 14
- Signs and symptoms of increased risk
- Approach to the suicidal patient
- Therapeutic interventions 13
- Mental health emergencies with psychoses
- Acute Psychotic Reactions
- Signs and Symptoms 5 , 13
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Schizophrenia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Paranoia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Bipolar Disorder—Mania
- Signs and Symptoms of Mania
- Therapeutic Interventions
- The violent patient
- Patient Factors That Increase Risk for Violent Behavior
- Psychological
- Organic
- Psychiatric
- Therapeutic Interventions 16
- Mental health emergencies due to a medical or neurologic disorder
- Drug-related mental health emergencies
- Questions to Ask
- Signs and Symptoms
- Adverse reactions to psychiatric medications
- Dystonic Reactions
- Signs and Symptoms 17 , 19
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- Signs and Symptoms 17 , 19
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Signs and Symptoms
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Sudden Cardiac Death: Prolonged QTc Interval
- Pediatric mental health emergencies
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Mental health patient disposition
- Mental health emergencies summary
- References
- 40 : Considerations for the Patient With Morbid Obesity
- Assessing and treating special needs of the patient with morbid obesity
- Airway Management
- Bag-Mask
- Endotracheal Intubation
- Ventilation
- Body Mass Index
- Medication Administration
- Dosing Weight
- Vascular Access
- Equipment Requiring Bariatric Consideration
- Imaging Studies
- Staff safety
- Healthcare risk for the obese population
- Endocrine System
- Prediabetes
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Cardiovascular System
- Heart Disease
- Hypertension
- Cardiac Dysrhythmias
- Venous Thrombosis
- Pulmonary System
- Sleep Apnea
- Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
- Asthma
- Gastrointestinal System
- Cholelithiasis
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Musculoskeletal System
- Gout
- Osteoarthritis
- Infections
- Cancer Risks
- Pediatric considerations
- Healthcare risks for the obese pediatric population
- Pediatric Endocrine System
- Pediatric Cardiovascular System
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidemia
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Pediatric Gastrointestinal System
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
- Cholelithiasis
- Pediatric Musculoskeletal System
- Pediatric Neurological System
- Considerations for the patient with morbid obesity: summary
- References
- 41 : Considerations for the Gender-Diverse Patient
- Gender-related definitions and terminology
- Communication approaches
- First Encounter and Triage
- Introductions
- Establishing Trust
- Names
- Pronouns
- Assessment
- Diagnostic studies
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy
- Gender-Affirming Surgery
- Gender dysphoria and depression
- Suicidal thoughts and ideations
- Human trafficking
- Gender-diverse patient consideration summary
- References
- 42 : Geriatric Emergency and Trauma Considerations
- Geriatric emergencies
- Neurological
- Psychiatric
- Infectious Disease
- Genitourinary
- Polypharmacy
- Elder Abuse
- Geriatric trauma
- Mechanisms of injury
- Falls
- Motor Vehicle Crashes
- Motor Vehicle Versus Pedestrian Incidents
- Burns
- Injury Prevention
- Approach to the Geriatric Trauma Patient
- Assessment
- Primary assessment
- History and head-to-toe
- Head
- Spinal cord and spinal column
- Chest
- Abdomen
- Extremities
- Skin
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Therapeutic Interventions
- Geriatric considerations summary
- References
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- X
- Y
- Z