Sheehy's Emergency Nursing

Höfundur: Emergency Nurses Association (Útgáfa: 7)
Sheehy's Emergency Nursing

Kaup valmöguleikar

Written by emergency nurses for emergency nurses, Sheehy's Emergency Nursing: Principles and Practice, 7th Edition covers the issues and procedures unique to the emergency department. This comprehensive, evidence-based resource is written by the Emergency Nurses Association and includes developments and changes in clinical practice that are incorporated throughout the text. Considered the go-to guide for issues and procedures unique to the emergency department, the user-friendly format features more than 150 high-quality illustrations and tables that highlight essential concepts and offer quick access to vital information.

New to this edition is updated key coverage including clinical fundamentals, treatment for trauma and medical-surgical emergencies, the foundations of emergency nursing practice, special populations, and more!Written by the Emergency Nurses Association, ensuring this is the most accurate information on the market. Most comprehensive and authoritative text available on emergency nursing. Logically organized, chapters are grouped into six sections for quick access to important content: Foundations of Emergency Nursing, Professional Practice, Clinical Foundations of Emergency Nursing, Major Trauma Emergencies, Medical and Surgical Emergencies, and Special Patient Populations.

Tables and boxes highlight and summarize critical and essential information, while 150 illustrations help you to quickly identify and treat frequently encountered conditions. A separate unit on special patient populations covers topics such as child abuse, elder abuse, intimate partner violence, sexual assault, substance abuse and behavioral/pediatric/obstetrical emergencies. NEW! Coverage includes the latest on topical issues such as ethics, workplace violence, and geriatric trauma.

UPDATED pain guidelines feature the latest pain indicators. UPDATED sepsis guidelines provide essential information on pathophysiology and diagnosis, with valuable guidelines for managing these patients. NEW! Fully revised information on communicable diseases. UPDATED Information on non-narcotic use for treatment of pain and increasing rates of addiction. NEW! Discussion of transgender patients covers how to work with this unique population.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Elsevier Health Sciences (US)
ISBN
9780323485456
Print ISBN
9780323485463
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
7
Höfundar
Emergency Nurses Association
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2019-08-15
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
10

Kaflar

  • Sheehy's Emergency Nursing
  • Cover
  • Front Matter
  • Sheehy's Emergency Nursing
  • Table of Contents
  • Dedication
  • Copyright
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • List of Illustrations
  • List of Tables
  • 1 : Emergency Nursing Practice
  • A Brief History of Emergency Nursing
  • A new Nursing Specialty: Defining the Scope of Practice
  • The Emergency Nurses Association
  • Nursing Practice Mission and Values
  • Standards of Emergency Nursing Practice
  • Collaborative Practice
  • Position Statements and Clinical Practice Guidelines
  • Position Statements
  • ENA Clinical Practice Guidelines
  • Community Education
  • Patient Safety Concepts 12
  • Quality, Safety, and Injury Prevention 13
  • Emergency Nursing Validation of Knowledge
  • Validation OF Knowledge Through Certification
  • Emergency Nursing Certification
  • Certification and Renewal
  • Advanced Practice Certification
  • Summary
  • References
  • 2 : Legal and Regulatory Constructs
  • Sources of law
  • Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
  • Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
  • Reportable Situations
  • Medical Records
  • Electronic Medical Records
  • Consent
  • Affordable Care Act
  • Hospital Accreditation Organizations
  • Negligence and Malpractice
  • Summary
  • References
  • 3 : Approaching Diversity
  • Areas of Diversity
  • Age
  • Class
  • Culture
  • Ethnicity
  • Gender
  • Sexual Identity
  • Race
  • Religion
  • Marginalization
  • The Diversity Practice Model
  • Summary
  • References
  • 4 : Evidence-Based Practice
  • What is Evidence-Based Practice?
  • Evidence-Based Practice Models
  • Asking the Clinical Question: Spirit of Inquiry—PICOT Question
  • Finding the Evidence
  • Levels of Evidence
  • General Appraisal Considerations
  • Evidence Appraisal: Statistical Analysis
  • p -Value
  • Number Needed to Treat
  • Confidence Intervals
  • Critical Appraisal of the Evidence
  • EBP Implementation
  • Evaluation
  • Dissemination
  • Summary
  • References
  • 5 : Research
  • Using Research in Clinical Practice: Comparing Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement
  • Components of the Research Process
  • Steps of the Research Process
  • Research Step 1: Problem Identification
  • Research Step 2: Literature Review
  • Research Step 3: Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks
  • Research Step 4: Research Questions or Hypotheses
  • Research Step 5: Methodology
  • Institutional Review Board approval
  • Sampling
  • Data collection and data measurement
  • Data measurement validity and reliability
  • Research Steps 6 and 7: Results/Discussion
  • Data analysis
  • Results, conclusions, discussion, and recommendations
  • Using Research Findings in Practice
  • Factors Promoting Research in the Clinical Setting
  • Summary
  • References
  • 6 : Ethical Considerations
  • Nursing Ethics
  • Emergency Nursing Code of Ethics
  • Emergency Nursing Standards of Practice
  • Moral Distress
  • Ethical Concerns in Emergency Nursing
  • Crowding
  • Public Health Emergencies and Disasters
  • Pain Management
  • Resuscitation Decisions and End-of-Life Care
  • Decisional Capacity
  • Moral Resilience
  • Summary
  • References
  • 7 : Workplace Violence
  • Prevention of Workplace Violence
  • Violence Prevention
  • Strategies During Violent Encounters
  • After Violence
  • Summary
  • References
  • 8 : Triage
  • Legal Considerations
  • Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
  • Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
  • Ability to Prioritize
  • Triage Process
  • Triage Interview
  • Vital Signs and Triage
  • Valid Reliable Triage Systems
  • Australasian Triage Scale
  • Canadian Triage Acuity Scale
  • Emergency Severity Index
  • Manchester Triage Scale
  • Immediate Bedding
  • “Pull-Until-Full” Immediate Bedding
  • Triage Documentation
  • Special Considerations
  • Changing Triage Acuity Score
  • Infection Prevention
  • Ambulance Triage
  • The Pediatric Patient
  • The Geriatric Patient
  • Patients With Behavioral Health Concerns
  • The Obstetric Patient
  • Implementing Diagnostics and Interventions
  • Triage Care
  • Reassessment of Patients Waiting
  • Modifying the Triage Process
  • Telephone Triage
  • Disaster Triage
  • Triage Process Improvement
  • Summary
  • References
  • 9 : Patient Assessment
  • Primary Assessment
  • Secondary Assessment
  • Initial Assessment
  • Primary Assessment
  • Airway
  • Breathing
  • Circulation
  • Disability
  • Exposure and Environmental Control
  • Secondary Assessment
  • Full Set of Vital Signs
  • Temperature
  • Pulse
  • Respirations
  • Oxygen saturation
  • Blood pressure
  • Orthostatic vital signs
  • Weight
  • Give Comfort Measures
  • History
  • General Head-to-Toe Assessment
  • Head and face
  • Neck
  • Chest
  • Abdomen
  • Pelvis/perineum
  • Extremities
  • Posterior surfaces
  • Ongoing Assessment
  • Special Patient Populations
  • Summary
  • Bibliography
  • 10 : Pain
  • Definitions and Classifications of Pain
  • Pathophysiology of Pain
  • Pain Fibers
  • Spinal Cord
  • The Brain
  • Pain Modulation
  • Endogenous Opioids
  • Pain Theories
  • Physiologic Consequences of Pain
  • Myths and Barriers to Pain Management
  • Opioid Addiction
  • Adult Pain Management
  • Patient Expectations
  • Assessment: More Than a Pain Score
  • Management: Establishing a Pain Management Goal
  • General Pain Management Principles
  • Nonpharmacologic Approaches
  • Pharmacologic Approaches
  • Nurse-Initiated Analgesic Protocols
  • Specific Emergency Department Pain Management Challenges
  • Treating Abdominal and Trauma-Related Pain
  • Sickle Cell Acute Pain Episodes
  • Health Care Worker–Induced Procedural Pain
  • Discharge Teaching
  • Pediatric Pain Management
  • Pediatric-Specific Pain Management Myths and Barriers
  • Pediatric Pain Assessment
  • Pediatric Pain Interventions
  • Summary
  • References
  • Further Reading
  • 11 : Wound Management
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Skin Changes with Aging
  • Wound Healing
  • Inflammatory Phase
  • Proliferative Phase
  • Remodeling Phase
  • Factors Affecting Wound Healing
  • Wound Evaluation
  • Wound Preparation
  • Control of Hemorrhage
  • Local Anesthesia
  • Wound Closure
  • New Technology in Wound Closure
  • Wound Dressings
  • Wound Prophylaxis
  • Tetanus Prophylaxis
  • Rabies Prophylaxis
  • Use of Antibiotics for Acute Wounds
  • Specific Wounds
  • Abrasions
  • Abscesses
  • Avulsions
  • Contusions
  • Lacerations
  • Puncture Wounds
  • Bites
  • Summary
  • References
  • 12 : Family Presence During Resuscitation and Invasive Procedures
  • Evidence
  • Organizational Support
  • Implementation
  • Roles and Responsibilities
  • Education
  • Evaluation
  • Summary
  • References
  • 13 : Management of the Critical Care Patient in the Emergency Department
  • Critical Care in the Emergency Department
  • Mechanical Ventilation
  • Indications for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation
  • Failure, or Anticipated Failure, to Protect or Maintain a Patent Airway
  • Inadequate Oxygenation
  • Inadequate Ventilation
  • Definitions 3 , 4
  • Classification of Mechanical Ventilators 3
  • Volume-Controlled, Pressure Variable
  • Pressure-Controlled, Volume Variable
  • Modes of Ventilation
  • Controlled Mandatory Ventilation (CMV)
  • Assist-Control Ventilation
  • Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV)
  • Pressure Controlled Ventilation (PCV)
  • Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV)
  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
  • Preventing Injury From Mechanical Ventilation
  • Permissive Hypercapnea
  • Inverse-Ratio Ventilation (IRV)
  • Other Advanced Ventilatory Strategies
  • High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
  • Airway pressure-release ventilation (Bilevel)
  • Selecting Ventilator Settings
  • Tidal Volume (Using Volume-Controlled Ventilation)
  • Pressure (Using Pressure-Controlled Ventilation)
  • Rate
  • F i O 2
  • PEEP
  • I:E Ratio
  • Sensitivity
  • PIP
  • Management of the Patient on Mechanical Ventilation
  • Ventilator Management
  • Complications of Mechanical Ventilation 3 – 5
  • Hypotension
  • Volutrauma
  • Barotrauma
  • Oxygen toxicity
  • Infection
  • Summary
  • Invasive Monitoring
  • General Monitoring Principles
  • Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring
  • Indications for Arterial Monitoring
  • Complications of Arterial Monitoring
  • Central Venous Pressure (CVP) Monitoring
  • Indications for the Insertion of a Central Venous Pressure (CVP) Monitor
  • Complications Related to Central Venous Pressure (CVP) Monitoring
  • Pulmonary Artery (PA) Pressure Monitoring
  • Indications for the Use of Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters
  • Complications Related to Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters
  • Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
  • Indications for the Use of ICP Monitoring
  • Complications Related to the Use of ICP Monitor
  • Summary
  • Sepsis
  • Definitions
  • Pathophysiology
  • Diagnosis
  • Emergency Department Management
  • Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundle: 2018
  • Assessment, Management, and Evaluation of the Patient with Sepsis in the Emergency Department
  • Assessment
  • Management
  • Ongoing evaluation
  • Summary
  • Care of the Family
  • Summary
  • References
  • 14 : Palliative and End-of-Life Care in the Emergency Department
  • Overview of Palliative and End-of-Life Care
  • Palliative Care Principles in The Emergency Department
  • Symptom Management
  • Pain
  • Dyspnea
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Constipation
  • Delirium
  • Emotional, Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Care
  • Spirituality
  • Communication Issues in Palliative and End-of-Life Care
  • Deciding on a Plan of Care
  • Death Notification/Delivering Serious News
  • Bioethical Considerations
  • Advance Directives
  • POLST/MOLST
  • Organ and Tissue Donation
  • Postmortem Procedures
  • Autopsy
  • Withholding or Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Measures
  • Principle of Double Effect
  • Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia
  • Care for The Caregiver
  • Summary
  • References
  • 15 : Organ and Tissue Donation
  • Overview and History
  • Organ Donation Best Practices
  • Organizational Structure
  • Early Referral
  • Cultural Competence
  • First Person Authorization
  • In-House Coordinators
  • Other Strategies to Increase Organ Donation
  • Living Donor Donation
  • Donation After Circulatory Death
  • Presumptive Consent
  • The Donation Process
  • Determination of Death
  • Medical Examiner’s Approval
  • Obtaining Consent for Donation
  • The Effect of Family Presence During Resuscitation on Organ Donation
  • Notification of Death
  • Family Assessment and Support
  • Family Education
  • The Procurement Process
  • Tissue Procurement
  • Solid-Organ Procurement
  • Financial Considerations
  • Summary
  • References
  • 16 : Air and Surface Patient Transport
  • Historical Perspective
  • Types of Transport
  • Surface Transport
  • Air Transport
  • Transport Process
  • Prehospital Transport
  • Interfacility Transfers
  • Communication
  • Transport Team Members
  • Transport Equipment
  • Airway and Ventilation
  • Cardiac
  • Vascular Access
  • Medications
  • Immobilization Devices
  • Bandages
  • Communication
  • Obstetric
  • Miscellaneous
  • Preparation for Transport
  • Airway and Breathing
  • Hemodynamic Stabilization
  • Neurological Stabilization
  • Musculoskeletal Stabilization
  • Emotional and Psychosocial Support of The Patient and Family
  • Documentation
  • Care During Transport
  • Communication
  • Medical Control
  • Transfer of Care
  • Stresses of Transport
  • Effects of Altitude
  • Hypoxia
  • Dehydration
  • Decreased Temperature
  • Acceleration and Deceleration Forces
  • Motion Sickness
  • Noise
  • Vibration
  • Immobilization
  • Transport of The Pediatric Patient
  • Safety
  • Fixed-Wing Transports
  • Rotor-Wing (Helicopter) Transports
  • Surface Transports
  • Vehicle Crashes
  • Summary
  • References
  • 17 : Health Emergency Management
  • Evolution of Emergency Management
  • Emergency Management Programs
  • Health Emergency Management
  • Health Care Facilities
  • Disaster Nursing
  • Training and Education Overview of ICS and NIMS
  • ICS Requirements for Hospitals and Practitioners
  • Credentialing of Emergency Responders
  • Summary
  • References
  • 18 : Chemical, Biological, Radiologic, Nuclear (CBRN) Threats
  • Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Threat
  • Who Threatens
  • Why Chemical, Biological, Radiologic, and Nuclear Agents
  • Mass Casualty Differences
  • Nuclear-Radiologic Threats
  • Types of Nuclear-Radiologic Devices
  • Radiation Basics
  • Types of Radiation
  • Dose
  • Protection Principles: Time, Distance, and Shielding
  • Exposure, Contamination, and Incorporation
  • Acute Radiation Syndrome
  • Body Systems Affected
  • Hematopoietic syndrome
  • Gastrointestinal syndrome
  • Central nervous system syndrome
  • Cutaneous radiation injury
  • Acute Radiation Syndrome Stages
  • Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Planning
  • Biologic Agents
  • Biologic Threats: Bacteria, Viruses, and Toxins
  • Epidemiology: The Clues
  • CDC Category A Bacteria
  • Anthrax
  • Manifestations
  • Treatments
  • Planning
  • Plague
  • Manifestations
  • Treatment
  • Planning
  • Tularemia
  • Manifestations
  • Treatment
  • Planning
  • CDC Category A Viruses
  • Smallpox
  • Manifestations
  • Treatment
  • Planning
  • Viral hemorrhagic fevers
  • Manifestations
  • Treatment
  • Planning
  • CDC Category A Toxin
  • Botulinum
  • Manifestations
  • Treatment
  • Planning
  • Chemical Agents
  • Nerve Agents
  • Manifestations
  • Treatment
  • Planning
  • Vesicants
  • Manifestations
  • Treatment
  • Planning
  • Blood Agents: Cyanides
  • Manifestations
  • Treatment
  • Planning
  • Pulmonary and Choking Agents
  • Manifestations
  • Treatment
  • Planning
  • Summary
  • References
  • 19 : Communicable Diseases and Organisms in the Health Care Setting
  • Infection Prevention in the Acute Care Setting
  • Pathogens of Concern
  • Clostridium difficile
  • Hepatitis
  • Hepatitis B Virus
  • Hepatitis C Virus
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS
  • Influenza (Flu) Virus
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • Tuberculosis
  • Summary
  • References
  • 20 : Fluids, Fluid Replacement, Electrolytes, and Vascular Access
  • Pathophysiology
  • Water
  • Fluid Replacement
  • Blood and Blood Products
  • Electrolytes
  • Sodium
  • Chloride
  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Phosphate and Phosphorus
  • Magnesium
  • Fluid and Electrolyte Abnormalities
  • Water Abnormalities
  • Water Depletion
  • Water Excess
  • Electrolyte Abnormalities
  • Anion Gap
  • Sodium Abnormalities
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hypernatremia
  • Chloride Abnormalities
  • Hypochloremia
  • Hyperchloremia
  • Potassium Abnormalities
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Calcium Abnormalities
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Phosphate Abnormalities
  • Hypophosphatemia
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Magnesium Abnormalities
  • Hypomagnesemia
  • Hypermagnesemia
  • Vasular Access and Pathophysiology
  • Peripheral Venous Access
  • Catheter Selection
  • Insertion
  • Central Venous Access
  • Intraosseous Infusion
  • Summary
  • References
  • 21 : Shock Emergencies
  • Pathophysiology
  • Stages of Shock
  • Compensatory Mechanisms
  • Baroreceptors
  • Chemoreceptors
  • Sympathetic Nervous System
  • Shift of Interstitial Fluid
  • Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
  • Adrenal Gland Response
  • Categories of Shock
  • Hypovolemic Shock
  • Cardiogenic Shock
  • Obstructive Shock
  • Distributive Shock
  • Neurogenic Distributive Shock
  • Anaphylactic Distributive Shock
  • Septic Distributive Shock
  • Clinical Manifestations of Shock
  • Respiratory
  • Circulatory
  • Other Organ Systems
  • Management of the Patient in Shock
  • Patient Assessment
  • History
  • Resuscitation
  • Resuscitation End Points
  • Management of Circulation and Perfusion
  • Circulation and Perfusion in Hemorrhagic Shock
  • Circulation and Perfusion in Cardiogenic Shock
  • Circulation and Perfusion in Neurogenic Shock
  • Circulation and Perfusion in Septic Shock
  • Circulation and Perfusion in Anaphylactic Shock
  • Circulation and Perfusion in Obstructive Shock
  • Acid-Base Balance
  • Hemodynamic Monitoring
  • Pulse Oximetry
  • Central Venous Pressure
  • Arterial Lines
  • Mixed Venous Oxygen and Central Venous Oxygen Saturation Monitoring
  • Laboratory and Diagnostic Testing for Shock Emergencies
  • Emergency Nursing Management
  • Complications Associated With Shock
  • Special Populations
  • Summary
  • References
  • 22 : Respiratory Emergencies
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Patient Assessment
  • Specific Pulmonary Emergencies
  • Acute Bronchitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Asthma
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  • Emphysema
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Pulmonary Embolus
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • Lung Transplants
  • Spontaneous Pneumothorax
  • Inhalation Injury
  • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
  • Thermal or Heat Injury
  • Smoke Inhalation Injury
  • Foreign Body Aspiration
  • Submersion Injury
  • Summary
  • References
  • 23 : Cardiovascular Emergencies
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Specific Cardiovascular Emergencies
  • Cardiac Arrest
  • Family Presence During Resuscitation
  • Therapeutic Electrical Interventions
  • Defibrillation
  • Cardioversion
  • Pacemakers
  • Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
  • Resuscitation Interventions
  • Fluid resuscitation
  • Pharmacologic therapy
  • Post–Cardiac Arrest Targeted Temperature Management
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • Overview of Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • Patient Assessment for Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • Electrocardiogram
  • Probable New Transmural AMI
  • New Strain or Ischemia
  • New ST OR T-Wave Changes of Ischemia or Strain
  • Right Ventricular Leads
  • Posterior Leads
  • Cardiac biomarkers
  • Patient Management
  • Percutaneous coronary intervention
  • Fibrinolytic therapy
  • Additional pharmacologic therapy
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Bradycardia
  • Other Dysrhythmias
  • Rate
  • Rhythm
  • P Waves
  • QRS Complex
  • P/QRS Relationship
  • PR Interval
  • Heart Failure
  • Pericarditis
  • Aortic Aneurysm
  • Patient Assessment
  • Patient Management
  • Hypertensive Crisis
  • Patient Assessment
  • Patient Management
  • Summary
  • References
  • 24 : Neurologic Emergencies
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Central Nervous System
  • Protective Layers
  • Brain
  • Cranial Nerves
  • Cerebral Blood Flow
  • Cerebral Perfusion
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Spinal Cord
  • Patient Assessment
  • Eye Opening
  • Best Motor Response
  • Best Verbal Response
  • Emergency Nurse Management of The Patient with Neurologic Conditions
  • Headache
  • Migraine Headache
  • Temporal Arteritis
  • Seizures
  • Focal Seizure With Retained Awareness (Previously Called Simple Partial Seizure)
  • Symptoms
  • Postictal Period
  • Focal Seizure With Impaired Awareness (Previously Called Complex Partial Seizure)
  • Symptoms
  • Postictal Period
  • Generalized Seizures (Previously Called Grand Mal or Tonic-Clonic Seizure)
  • Symptoms
  • Postictal Period
  • Generalized Seizure Subtypes
  • Status Epilepticus
  • Stroke
  • Inclusion Criteria:
  • Contraindications:
  • Relative contraindications: consideration of benefit outweighing risks
  • Meningitis
  • Guillain–Barré Syndrome
  • Myasthenia Gravis
  • References
  • 25 : Gastrointestinal Emergencies
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Intestines
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Gallbladder
  • Peritoneum
  • Patient Assessment and Triage
  • Specific Gastrointestinal Emergencies
  • Gastrointestinal Bleeding
  • Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
  • Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Gastritis
  • Appendicitis
  • Cholecystitis
  • Acute Pancreatitis
  • Diverticulitis
  • Bowel or Esophageal Obstruction
  • Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea
  • Cancer-Related Nausea and Vomiting
  • Cyclic Vomiting
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Peritonitis
  • Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
  • Summary
  • References
  • 26 : Renal and Genitourinary Emergencies
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Patient Assessment
  • Specific Conditions
  • Acute Kidney Injury
  • Dialysis Access Complications
  • Rhabdomyolysis
  • Urinary Tract Infections
  • Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
  • Urinary Calculi
  • Testicular Torsion
  • Epididymitis-Orchitis
  • Priapism
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections (Excluding Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
  • Prevention
  • Summary
  • References
  • 27 : Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Assessment
  • First-Trimester Emergencies
  • Ectopic Pregnancy
  • Abortion
  • Antepartum Emergencies
  • Gestational Hypertension in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia/Eclampsia
  • HELLP Syndrome
  • Third-Trimester Emergencies
  • Placenta Previa
  • Abruptio Placentae
  • Delivery
  • Complicated Deliveries
  • Prolapsed Cord
  • Shoulder Dystocia
  • Breech Delivery
  • Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
  • Multiple Fetuses
  • Amniotic Fluid Embolism
  • Postpartum Emergencies
  • Postpartum Hemorrhage
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
  • Postpartum Infection
  • Other Obstetric Emergencies
  • Molar Pregnancy (Hydatidiform Mole)
  • Specific Gynecologic Emergencies
  • Vaginal Bleeding/Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
  • Pelvic Pain
  • Acute Pelvic Pain
  • Cyclic Pelvic Pain
  • Chronic Pelvic Pain
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Endometriosis
  • Mittelschmerz
  • Ovarian Cyst
  • Ovarian Torsion
  • Vaginal Discharge and Vaginitis
  • Bacterial Vaginosis
  • Candidiasis
  • Trichomoniasis
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  • Tuboovarian Abscess
  • Bartholin Gland Abscess
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Genital Herpes
  • Genital Warts
  • Chancroid
  • Syphilis
  • Chlamydia
  • Gonorrhea
  • Summary
  • References
  • 28 : Endocrine Emergencies
  • Endocrine System Physiology
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroids
  • Adrenals
  • Pancreas
  • Patient Assessment
  • Selected Endocrine Emergencies
  • Diabetic Emergencies
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
  • Alcoholic Ketoacidosis
  • Pituitary Disorders
  • Diabetes Insipidus
  • Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
  • Thyroid Emergencies
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Thyroid Storm
  • Myxedema Coma
  • Adrenal Disorders
  • Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
  • Cushing’s Syndrome
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Summary
  • References
  • 29 : Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Plasma
  • Erythrocytes
  • Leukocytes
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
  • Monocytes
  • Lymphocytes
  • Plasma Cells
  • Platelets
  • Hemostasis
  • Patient Assessment
  • Complete Blood Cell Count
  • Specific Hematologic Emergencies
  • Anemia
  • Acute Anemia
  • Chronic Anemia
  • Sickle Cell Disease
  • Leukemia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Hemophilia
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
  • Specific Oncologic Emergencies
  • Fever and Neutropenia
  • Tumor Lysis Syndrome
  • Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
  • Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
  • Spinal Cord Compression
  • Summary
  • References
  • 30 : Environmental Emergencies
  • Thermal Emergencies
  • Heat Illness
  • Heat Exhaustion
  • Heat Stroke
  • Treatment of Heat Stroke
  • Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia
  • Cold-Related Emergencies
  • Accidental Hypothermia
  • Treatment of Hypothermia
  • Frostbite
  • Treatment of Frostbite
  • Drowning
  • Diving Emergencies
  • Diving Physics and Physiology
  • Barotrauma
  • Decompression Illness
  • Arterial Gas Embolism
  • Decompression Sickness
  • Treatment of Decompression Illness
  • Venomous Bites and Stings
  • Snakebite
  • Crotalid (Pit Viper) Envenomation
  • Coral Snake Envenomation
  • Arthropod Envenomation
  • Hymenoptera
  • Spider (Arachnid) Bites
  • Black Widow Spider
  • Brown Recluse Spider
  • Scorpion Stings
  • Tick-Borne Illness
  • Tick Removal
  • Lyme Disease
  • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
  • Tick Paralysis
  • Mammal Bites
  • Dog Bites
  • Cat Bites and Scratches
  • Human Bites
  • Wilderness Medicine
  • References
  • 31 : Toxicologic Emergencies
  • Patient Management
  • General Interventions
  • Specific Toxicologic Emergencies
  • Salicylates
  • Acetaminophen
  • Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Opiates
  • Sedative-Hypnotics and Barbiturates
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants
  • Toxic Alcohols
  • Organophosphates
  • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
  • Heavy Metals
  • Iron
  • Calcium Channel and β-Blockers
  • Digitalis Glycosides
  • Hydrocarbons
  • Toxic Plants
  • Summary
  • References
  • 32 : Dental, Ear, Nose, Throat, and Facial Emergencies
  • Anatomy
  • Mouth
  • Ears
  • Nose
  • Throat
  • Face
  • Dental Emergencies
  • Odontalgia
  • Tooth Eruption
  • Pericoronitis
  • Fractured Tooth
  • Tooth Avulsion
  • Dental Abscess
  • Gingivitis
  • Ludwig’s Angina
  • Ear Emergencies
  • Otitis
  • Ruptured Tympanic Membrane
  • Foreign Body
  • Nasal Emergencies
  • Rhinitis
  • Epistaxis
  • Foreign Body
  • Throat Emergencies
  • Pharyngitis
  • Laryngitis
  • Tonsillitis
  • Peritonsillar Abscess
  • Facial Emergencies
  • Sinusitis
  • Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation
  • Summary
  • References
  • 33 : Ocular Emergencies
  • Epidemiology
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Patient Assessment
  • Visual Acuity
  • External Features
  • Pupil Examination
  • Anterior Segment
  • Ocular Motility
  • Other Examinations
  • Patient Management
  • Specific Ocular Emergencies
  • Trauma
  • Blunt Trauma
  • Orbital fractures
  • Hyphema
  • Subconjunctival hemorrhage
  • Penetrating Trauma
  • Periorbital wounds
  • Globe rupture
  • Superficial Trauma
  • Corneal abrasion
  • Corneal lacerations
  • Foreign Body
  • Conjunctival/corneal foreign body
  • Intraocular foreign body
  • Ocular Burns
  • Chemical trauma
  • Thermal burns
  • Radiation burns
  • Medical Problems Involving the Eye
  • Infections
  • Lid infections
  • Hordeolum
  • Chalazion
  • Corneal infections
  • Keratitis
  • Viral keratoconjunctivitis
  • Herpes simplex
  • Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Uveitis/iritis
  • Orbital cellulitis
  • Retinal Emergencies
  • Central retinal artery occlusion
  • Retinal detachment
  • Glaucoma
  • Acute angle-closure glaucoma
  • Summary
  • References
  • 34 : Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Injury
  • Epidemiology
  • Trauma in the United States
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Race/Ethnicity
  • Firearm-Related Injuries
  • Alcohol and Drugs
  • Insurance Status
  • Mechanism of Injury
  • Kinematics
  • Newton’s First Law of Motion
  • Law of Conservation of Energy
  • Newton’s Second Law
  • Kinetic Energy
  • Patient Assessment
  • Blunt Injury
  • Motor Vehicle Collisions
  • Frontal impact
  • Down and under
  • Up and over
  • Rear impact
  • Lateral or side impact
  • Rotational impact
  • Vehicle rollover
  • Ejection
  • Restraint systems
  • Spinal
  • Thoracic
  • Abdominal
  • Air bags
  • MVC preventive measures
  • Farm Equipment
  • Pedestrian Injuries
  • School Buses
  • Motorcycle Crashes
  • Head-on impact
  • Angular impact
  • Ejection
  • Laying the bike down
  • All-Terrain Vehicles
  • Snowmobiles
  • Watercraft
  • Bicycle Crashes
  • Falls
  • Sports- and Recreation-Related Injuries
  • Scooters
  • Penetrating trauma
  • STAB Wounds
  • Impalements
  • Gunshot Wounds
  • Blast injuries
  • Specific mechanisms of injury
  • Burns
  • Submersion Injuries
  • Violence-Related Injuries
  • School Violence
  • Suicide/Self-Inflicted Violence
  • Prevention
  • Summary
  • References
  • 35 : Head Trauma
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Anatomy
  • Physiology
  • Patient Assessment
  • Early
  • Late
  • Patient Management
  • Hyperventilation
  • Hyperosmolar Therapy
  • Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Management
  • Additional Treatment Modalities
  • Specific Injuries
  • High Risk
  • Medium Risk
  • Low Risk
  • Focal Injuries
  • Scalp Lacerations
  • Skull Fractures
  • Contusion
  • Epidural Hematoma
  • Subdural Hematoma
  • Other Focal Injuries
  • Diffuse Brain Injuries
  • Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion)
  • Diffuse Axonal Injury
  • Summary
  • References
  • 36 : Maxillofacial Trauma
  • Common Causes of Maxillofacial Trauma
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Patient Assessment
  • Airway and Breathing
  • Circulation
  • Focused Assessment
  • Diagnostic Testing
  • Specific Maxillofacial Injuries
  • Soft-Tissue Trauma
  • Nasal Fractures
  • Nasoorbital-Ethmoidal Fracture
  • Maxillary Fractures
  • Zygoma Fractures
  • Orbital Blowout Fractures
  • Mandibular Fractures
  • Summary
  • References
  • 37 : Spinal Trauma
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Vertebral Column
  • Spinal Column
  • Spinal Nerves
  • Vascular Supply
  • Patient Assessment
  • Mechanisms of Injury
  • History
  • Inspection
  • Palpation
  • Reflex Testing
  • Radiographic Evaluation
  • Stabilization
  • Airway Management
  • Cervical Spine Protection
  • Hemodynamic Management
  • Pharmacologic Management
  • Additional Interventions
  • Psychosocial Care
  • Specific Spinal Cord Injuries
  • Spinal and Neurogenic Shock
  • Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
  • Central Cord Syndrome
  • Anterior Cord Syndrome
  • Posterior Cord Syndrome
  • Brown-Séquard Syndrome
  • Nerve Root Injuries
  • Penetrating Injuries
  • Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiographic Abnormality
  • Autonomic Dysreflexia
  • Outcomes
  • Prevention
  • Summary
  • References
  • 38 : Thoracic Trauma
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Pulmonary System
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Patient Assessment
  • Airway Patency in Conjunction With Cervical Spine Protection
  • Effective Ventilation (Breathing): Any Loss of the Integrity of Lungs or Diaphragm may Compromise Ventilation
  • Circulation
  • Additional Considerations
  • Maintain Patent Airway
  • Facilitate Essential Imaging–ultrasonography, Radiography, Computed Tomography
  • Specific Thoracic Injuries
  • Indications for Tube Thoracostomy
  • Chest Wall Injuries
  • Costal Cartilage Injury
  • Rib Fractures
  • Flail Chest
  • Sternal Fracture
  • Upper Airway Injuries
  • Traumatic Asphyxia
  • Laryngeal Injury
  • Tracheobronchial Injury
  • Pneumothorax
  • Simple
  • Fluid Collection Chamber
  • Water Seal Chamber
  • Suction Control Chamber
  • Nursing Responsibilities
  • Assessing for Air Leaks
  • Indications of Patency
  • Open (Communicating) Pneumothorax (Sucking Chest Wound)
  • Tension Pneumothorax
  • Hemothorax
  • Autotransfusion
  • Penetrating Traumatic Cardiac Arrest
  • Blunt Trauma
  • Pulmonary Injury or Injuries to the Lung Parenchyma
  • Pulmonary Contusion
  • Cardiac and Great Vessel Injuries
  • Diaphragmatic Injury
  • Blunt Cardiac Injury
  • Penetrating Cardiac Injuries
  • Cardiac Tamponade
  • Aortic Disruption
  • Esophageal Injury
  • Summary
  • References
  • 39 : Abdominal and Genitourinary Trauma
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Peritoneum
  • Solid Organs
  • Hollow Organs
  • Reproductive Organs
  • Vascular Structures
  • Patient Assessment
  • History
  • Mechanisms of Injury
  • Blunt
  • Penetrating
  • Motor Vehicle Crashes
  • Inspection
  • Percussion and Auscultation
  • Palpation
  • Initial Stabilization
  • Medications
  • Analgesia
  • Antibiotics
  • Emergency Department Interventions
  • Urinary Catheter
  • Gastric Decompression
  • Wound Care
  • Disposition
  • Diagnostic Evaluation
  • Imaging
  • Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis
  • Focused assessment sonography for trauma/ultrasonography
  • Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
  • Retrograde urethrography
  • Cystography
  • Arteriography
  • Laboratory Studies
  • Specific Injuries
  • Abdominal Injuries
  • Spleen
  • Liver
  • Stomach
  • Large and Small Intestine
  • Pancreas
  • Diaphragm
  • Vascular Structures
  • Foreign Bodies
  • Genitourinary Injuries
  • Renal Injuries
  • Ureteral Injuries
  • Bladder Injuries
  • Urethral Injuries
  • Penile Injuries
  • Testicular Injuries
  • Straddle Injuries
  • Summary
  • References
  • 40 : Orthopedic and Neurovascular Trauma
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Patient Assessment
  • Immobilization
  • Soft-Tissue Injuries
  • Fingertip Injuries
  • Traumatic Amputations
  • Reimplantation
  • Impaling Injuries
  • Gunshot Wounds
  • Tendon and Muscle Rupture
  • Crush Injuries
  • Compartment Syndrome
  • Peripheral Nerve and Artery Injury
  • Strains
  • Sprains
  • Knee Injuries
  • Fractures
  • Fracture Healing
  • Upper Torso Fractures
  • Clavicular Fracture
  • Scapular Fracture
  • Upper-Extremity Fractures
  • Shoulder Fracture
  • Upper-Arm Fractures
  • Elbow Fractures
  • Forearm Fractures
  • Wrist and Hand Fractures
  • Carpal fractures
  • Wrist fractures
  • Metacarpal fractures
  • Phalanx fractures
  • Pelvic Fractures
  • Hip Fractures
  • Lower Extremity Fractures
  • Femoral Fracture
  • Knee Fractures
  • Patellar Fractures
  • Tibial and Fibular Fractures
  • Ankle Fractures
  • Foot Fractures
  • Tarsal and metatarsal fractures
  • Calcaneus fractures
  • Toe (phalangeal) fractures
  • Dislocations
  • Acromioclavicular Dislocation
  • Shoulder Dislocation
  • Elbow Dislocation
  • Wrist Dislocation
  • Hand or Finger Dislocation
  • Hip Dislocation
  • Knee Dislocation
  • Patellar Dislocation
  • Ankle Dislocation
  • Foot Dislocation
  • Toe (Metatarsophalangeal) Dislocation
  • Reduction Issues
  • Traction
  • Steinman Pin
  • Casts
  • Assisted Ambulation: Crutches, Cane, and Walker
  • Axillary Crutches
  • Cane
  • Walker
  • Gait Training
  • Summary
  • References
  • 41 : Burns
  • Etiology
  • Thermal Burns
  • Scald Burns
  • Flame Burns
  • Flash Burns
  • Contact Burns
  • Electrical Burns
  • Chemical Burns
  • E-Cigarette Burns
  • Frostbite
  • Burn Assessment
  • Depth of Burn
  • Extent of Burn
  • Severity of Burn
  • Pathophysiology
  • Patient Management
  • Airway
  • Breathing
  • Circulation
  • Disability and Exposure
  • Diagnostic Procedures
  • Protection Against Infection
  • Pain Management
  • Wound Care
  • Temperature Regulation
  • Summary
  • References
  • 42 : Pediatric Trauma
  • Epidemiology
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Respiratory System
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Neurologic System
  • Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Systems
  • Musculoskeletal System
  • Integumentary System
  • Patient Assessment
  • Initial Stabilization
  • Airway/Cervical Spine
  • Breathing
  • Circulation
  • Disability
  • Exposure/Environmental Control
  • Full Set of Vital Signs
  • Family Presence
  • Give Comfort Measures
  • Head-to-Toe-Assessment
  • Inspect the Posterior Surface
  • History
  • Additional Interventions
  • Radiologic testing
  • Medications
  • Laboratory testing
  • Specific Conditions
  • Traumatic Brain Injuries
  • Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Maxillofacial Injuries
  • Spinal Cord Injuries
  • Thoracic Injuries
  • Rib Fractures
  • Pneumothorax and Hemothorax
  • Pulmonary Contusion
  • Tracheobronchial Injury
  • Diaphragmatic Injury
  • Cardiac Injury
  • Abdominal Injuries
  • Genitourinary Injuries
  • Renal Injury
  • Ureteral Injury
  • Bladder Injury
  • Urethral Injury
  • Genital Injuries
  • Musculoskeletal Injuries
  • Summary
  • References
  • Further Reading
  • 43 : Obstetric Trauma
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Uterine
  • Cardiovascular
  • Hematologic
  • Pulmonary/Respiratory
  • Gastrointestinal/Abdominal
  • Genitourinary
  • Musculoskeletal
  • Neurologic
  • Endocrine
  • Patient Assessment and Early Interventions
  • Abdomen
  • Fetus and Uterus
  • Diagnostics
  • Ultrasonography
  • Laboratory
  • Radiographic Evaluation
  • Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage
  • Injuries
  • Blunt Trauma
  • Seat Belt–Related Injuries
  • Premature Uterine Contractions
  • Placental Abruption
  • Uterine Rupture
  • Direct Fetal Injury
  • Penetrating Injury
  • Burns
  • Electrical Injury
  • Special Considerations
  • Maternal Cardiac Arrest
  • Emergency and Perimortem Cesarean Section
  • Neonatal Resuscitation
  • Patient Transport
  • Summary
  • References
  • 44 : Geriatric Trauma
  • Triage
  • Medications
  • Anticoagulants
  • Cardiac Medications
  • Opioids
  • Mechanisms of Injury
  • Blunt Trauma
  • Penetrating Trauma
  • Falls
  • Burns
  • Self-Harm
  • Motor Vehicle Crashes
  • Assault
  • Abuse
  • Geriatric Trauma Assessment
  • Airway
  • Breathing
  • Circulation
  • Disability
  • Exposure/Environment
  • Trauma Resuscitation Monitoring
  • History
  • Transfer to a Higher Level of Care
  • End-of-Life Care
  • Summary
  • References
  • 45 : Pediatric Emergencies
  • Triage
  • Special Pediatric Considerations
  • Guidelines for Pediatric Triage
  • Pediatric Triage Evaluation
  • Primary Assessment
  • Secondary Assessment
  • History
  • Vital Signs
  • Respiratory Emergencies
  • Assessment
  • Respiratory Rate and Pattern
  • Work of Breathing
  • Quality of Breathing
  • Breath Sounds
  • Monitoring
  • Airway Obstruction by Foreign Body
  • Asthma
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Croup
  • Epiglottitis
  • Peritonsillar and Retropharyngeal Abscess
  • Pertussis
  • Pneumonia
  • Pneumothorax
  • Cardiovascular Emergencies
  • Assessment
  • Inadequate Heart Function
  • Rhythm Disturbances
  • Heart Failure
  • Inadequate Volume
  • Inadequate Fluid Distribution
  • Septic Shock
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Sickle Cell Disease
  • Neurologic Emergencies
  • Assessment
  • Seizures
  • Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Emergencies
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Appendicitis
  • Incarcerated Hernia
  • Intussusception
  • Pyloric Stenosis
  • Testicular Torsion
  • Urinary Tract Infections
  • Endocrine Emergencies
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • Infectious Disease Emergencies
  • AIDS
  • Tuberculosis
  • Bacteremia
  • Meningitis
  • Meningococcemia
  • Lyme Disease
  • Skin Rashes
  • Other Conditions
  • Cellulitis
  • Hair Tourniquets
  • Impetigo
  • Scabies
  • Family Presence
  • Summary
  • References
  • 46 : Geriatric Emergencies
  • Introduction
  • Overview of the Geriatric Population and Physiologic Changes of Aging
  • Triage and Initial Assess of the Geriatric Patient in the Emergency Department
  • Maximizing Communication with the Geriatric Patient
  • Polypharmacy of the Geriatric Patient in the Emergency Department
  • Confusion Assessment Tool
  • Cardiovascular Assessment of the Geriatric Patient
  • Dehydration
  • The Acute Abdomen in the Geriatric Patient
  • Infection and Sepsis in the Older Adult
  • Renal
  • Falls
  • Alcohol and Substance Abuse
  • Vulnerable Adults and Elder Abuse
  • Summary
  • References
  • 47 : Behavioral Health Emergencies
  • Agitation
  • Restraints
  • Anorexia Nervosa
  • Assessment
  • Treatment
  • Bulimia
  • Assessment
  • Treatment
  • Anxiety
  • Assessment
  • Treatment
  • Panic Disorders
  • Assessment
  • Treatment
  • Depression
  • Assessment
  • Treatment
  • Suicidality
  • Assessment
  • Treatment
  • Schizophrenia
  • Assessment
  • Treatment
  • Substance Abuse
  • Assessment
  • Treatment
  • Summary
  • References
  • 48 : Forensic Nursing in the Emergency Department
  • Forensic Nursing Defined
  • History of Forensic Nursing
  • Emergency Nurse Roles and Responsibilities
  • Consent
  • Forensic Interview
  • Documentation of Evidence
  • Emergency Nurses Association Position Statement
  • What is Forensic Evidence?
  • Collection of Evidence
  • Urine/Blood Collection
  • Clothing
  • Stains or Other Debris
  • Semen as Evidence
  • Saliva
  • Projectiles
  • Needles and Knives
  • Strangulation
  • Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kit
  • Chain of Custody
  • Body Diagrams and Photographs
  • Correct Medical Terminology
  • Summary
  • References
  • 49 : Abuse and Neglect
  • Child Abuse and Neglect
  • Neglect
  • Failure to Thrive
  • Assessment for Neglect
  • Physical Abuse
  • Skin Injuries
  • Cranial Injuries
  • Skeletal Injuries
  • Caregiver-Fabricated Illness
  • Abuse Mimics
  • Obtaining a History
  • Changes in Family Dynamics
  • Reporting Child Abuse or Neglect
  • Physical Examination
  • Sexual Abuse
  • Psychological Abuse
  • Other Issues Related to Child Abuse and Neglect
  • Multidisciplinary Teams and Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners
  • Testifying for Child Abuse and Neglect Cases
  • Child Death Review Teams
  • Prevention
  • Intimate Partner Violence
  • Incidence
  • Risk Factors
  • Cycle of Violence
  • Effect on the Victim
  • Effect on Children
  • Why Do Women Stay?
  • Treatment of Batterers
  • Role of the Emergency Nurse
  • Screening
  • Patient Presentation
  • Evidence Collection
  • Safety Planning and Referrals
  • Documentation and Reporting
  • IPV Summary
  • Human Trafficking
  • Prevalence
  • Trafficking Versus Smuggling
  • Recruitment
  • Identification
  • Obtaining a History
  • Physical Examination
  • Organ Removal
  • Reporting
  • Human Trafficking Summary
  • Elder Abuse and Neglect
  • Defining Elder Abuse and Neglect
  • Scope of the Problem
  • Origin of the Problem
  • Role Theory
  • Transgenerational Theory
  • Psychopathology Theory
  • Stressed-Caregiver Theory
  • Primary Categories of Elder Maltreatment
  • Risk Factors for Maltreatment
  • Recognizing Clues of Maltreatment
  • Asking the Right Questions
  • Interventions for Abuse and Neglect
  • Elder Abuse Summary
  • References
  • 50 : Substance Use Disorders
  • Definitions
  • The Science of Addiction
  • Identification of Substance use Disorders
  • Specific Substances
  • Chemical Substance Use
  • Depressants
  • Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)/Xyrem
  • Rohypnol (flunitrazepam)
  • Designer Drugs
  • Synthetic cathinones (bath salts, 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone-MDPV)
  • Synthetic cannabinoids
  • Drugs of Concern
  • Over-the-counter medicines: dextromethorphan and loperamide (Imodium)
  • Kratom
  • Salvia
  • Hallucinogens
  • Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
  • Ayahuasca
  • Ketamine
  • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
  • Ecstasy/MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine)
  • Mescaline (peyote)
  • Phencyclidine (PCP)
  • Psilocybin
  • Inhalants
  • Solvents
  • Aerosols
  • Gases
  • Nitrites
  • Marijuana/Cannabis
  • Narcotics
  • Heroin
  • Treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD)
  • Stimulants
  • Cocaine
  • Khat
  • Methamphetamine
  • Tobacco Use
  • Cigarette/Cigar/Pipe Tobacco
  • Hookah Tobacco
  • Electronic Cigarettes
  • Smokeless Tobacco
  • Medications for Tobacco Use Disorder
  • Nicotine Replacement Therapy
  • Bupropion Hydrochloride (Zyban)
  • Varenicline Tartrate (Chantix)
  • Alcohol Use
  • Treatment for AUD
  • Treatment of Substance use Disorder
  • Nursing Considerations
  • References
  • 51 : Sexual Assault
  • Myths and Misconceptions
  • Rape-Trauma Syndrome
  • The Sexual Assault Survivor in the Emergency Department
  • Sexual Assault Response Team
  • The Examination Begins
  • Consent
  • History
  • Physical Examination and Evidence Collection
  • Chain of Custody
  • After Examination
  • Follow-up Care
  • Legal Aspects
  • Summary
  • References
  • Index
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