Research Methods in Psychology

Höfundar: Dennis Howitt; Duncan Cramer (Útgáfa: 7)
Research Methods in Psychology

Kaup valmöguleikar

The essential guide in Research Methods in Psychology whether you are new to psychological research or moving on to more complex projects. Research Methods in Psychology, 7e by Dennis Howitt and Duncan Cramer is a highly accessible introduction to both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Ideal for undergraduate students of any level studyingrelevant courses inresearch methods, this book will help you connect your learning to relevant research examples and give you the practical guidance you need to prepare you to undertake your own projects.

Covering everything - from the role of research in Psychology to the pitfalls to avoid - this text will not only help you critically evaluate existing research but will guide you through all the stages of developing and managing your own research project. Key Features include: A focus on the most recent developments and insights in the field of research Learning objectives at the beginning of each chapter and end-of-chapter summaries Diagrams throughout the book to help you visualise and understand more complex concepts Chapters dedicated to developing your research ideas, conducting literature searches and writing research reports This newest edition of the text also covers the latest advances in modern psychological research, including a whole new chapter on online research methods and up-to-date coverage of the most recent standards of ethics.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Pearson International Content
ISBN
9781292729794
Print ISBN
9781292461595
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
7
Höfundar
Dennis Howitt; Duncan Cramer
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2024-07-29
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover Page
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • Brief Contents
  • Contents
  • Guided tour
  • Introduction
  • Part 1 Basics of research
  • 1 Role of research in psychology
  • Overview
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Importance of reading
  • 1.3 Evaluating the evidence
  • 1.4 Inferring causality
  • 1.5 Types of research and the assessment of causality
  • 1.6 Practice
  • 1.7 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 2 Aims and hypotheses in research
  • Overview
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Types of study
  • 2.3 Aims of research
  • 2.4 Research hypotheses
  • 2.5 Four types of hypothesis
  • 2.6 Difficulties in formulating aims and hypotheses
  • 2.7 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 3 Variables, concepts and measures
  • Overview
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 History of the variable in psychology
  • 3.3 Types of variable
  • 3.4 Independent and dependent variables
  • 3.5 Measurement characteristics of variables
  • 3.6 Stevens’ theory of scales of measurement
  • 3.7 Operationalising concepts and variables
  • 3.8 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 4 Problems of generalisation and decision-making in research: Chance findings and sample size
  • Overview
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Universalism
  • 4.3 Sampling and generalisation
  • 4.4 Statistics and generalisation
  • 4.5 Directional and non-directional hypotheses again
  • 4.6 More on the similarity between measures of effect (difference) and association
  • 4.7 Sample size and size of association
  • 4.8 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 5 Research reports: The total picture
  • Overview
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Overall strategy of report writing
  • 5.3 Sections of the research report in detail
  • 5.4 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 6 Improving your quantitative write-up
  • Overview
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Poorly written quantitative report
  • 6.3 Analysis of the report
  • 6.4 Improved version of the report
  • 6.5 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 7 Literature search
  • Overview
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Library classification systems
  • 7.3 Electronic databases
  • 7.4 Obtaining articles not in your library
  • 7.5 Personal bibliographic database software
  • 7.6 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 8 Ethics and data management in research
  • Overview
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Ethics: general principles
  • 8.3 Research ethics
  • 8.4 Ethics and publication
  • 8.5 How to obtain a participant’s consent
  • 8.6 Data management
  • 8.7 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • Part 2 Quantitative research methods
  • 9 Basic laboratory experiments
  • Overview
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Characteristics of the true or randomised experiment
  • 9.3 More advanced between-subjects designs
  • 9.4 Within-subjects designs
  • 9.5 Conclusion
  • Activity
  • 10 Advanced experimental designs
  • Overview
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Multiple levels of the independent variable
  • 10.3 Multiple dependent variables
  • 10.4 Factorial designs
  • 10.5 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 11 Placebos, experimenter effects and demand characteristics
  • Overview
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Placebo and nocebo effects
  • 11.3 Experimenter effects
  • 11.4 Experimenter expectancy effect
  • 11.5 What are demand characteristics?
  • 11.6 Conclusion
  • Activity
  • 12 Cross-sectional or correlational research: Non-manipulation studies
  • Overview
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 Cross-sectional designs
  • 12.3 The case for non-manipulation studies
  • 12.4 Measures of reliability
  • 12.5 Restricted variation of scores
  • 12.6 Third-variable issue
  • 12.7 Different types of third variable
  • 12.8 Analysis of non-experimental designs
  • 12.9 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 13 Longitudinal studies
  • Overview
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Retrospective and historical data
  • 13.3 Cross-sequential or repeated cross-sectional designs
  • 13.4 Panel designs
  • 13.5 Intensive longitudinal designs
  • 13.6 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 14 Small-N and single-case experimental designs
  • Overview
  • 14.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 Single-N designs
  • 14.3 Analysing small-N designs
  • 14.4 Conclusion
  • Activity
  • 15 Surveys, samples and populations
  • Overview
  • 15.1 Introduction
  • 15.2 Types of probability sampling
  • 15.3 Non-probability sampling
  • 15.4 National surveys
  • 15.5 Socio-demographic characteristics of samples
  • 15.6 Sample size and population surveys
  • 15.7 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 16 Better data analysis
  • Overview
  • 16.1 Introduction
  • 16.2 Confidence intervals
  • 16.3 Effect sizes
  • 16.4 Power
  • 16.5 Replication
  • 16.6 Questionable research practices and truth inflation
  • 16.7 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • Part 3 Fundamentals of testing and measurement
  • 17 Psychological tests: Their use and construction
  • Overview
  • 17.1 Introduction
  • 17.2 Concept of a scale
  • 17.3 Scale construction
  • 17.4 Item analysis or factor analysis?
  • 17.5 Other considerations in test construction
  • 17.6 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 18 Reliability and validity: Evaluating the value of tests and measures
  • Overview
  • 18.1 Introduction
  • 18.2 Reliability of measures
  • 18.3 Validity
  • 18.4 Types of validity
  • 18.5 Conclusion
  • Activity
  • 19 Coding data
  • Overview
  • 19.1 Introduction
  • 19.2 Types of coding
  • 19.3 Reliability and validity when coding
  • 19.4 Qualitative coding
  • 19.5 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • Part 4 Qualitative research methods
  • 20 Why qualitative research?
  • Overview
  • 20.1 Introduction
  • 20.2 What is qualitative research?
  • 20.3 History of the qualitative/quantitative divide in psychology
  • 20.4 Quantification–qualitative methods continuum
  • 20.5 Evaluation of qualitative versus quantitative methods
  • 20.6 Conclusion
  • Activity
  • 21 Qualitative data collection
  • Overview
  • 21.1 Introduction
  • 21.2 Major qualitative data collection approaches
  • 21.3 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 22 Transcribing language data: Jefferson system
  • Overview
  • 22.1 Introduction
  • 22.2 Jefferson transcription
  • 22.3 Advice for transcribers
  • 22.4 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 23 Thematic analysis
  • Overview
  • 23.1 Introduction
  • 23.2 What is thematic analysis?
  • 23.3 Basic approach to thematic analysis
  • 23.4 A more sophisticated version of thematic analysis
  • 23.5 Conclusion
  • Activity
  • 24 Grounded theory
  • Overview
  • 24.1 Introduction
  • 24.2 Development of grounded theory
  • 24.3 Data in grounded theory
  • 24.4 Computer grounded theory analysis
  • 24.5 Evaluation of grounded theory
  • 24.6 Conclusion
  • Activity
  • 25 Discourse analysis
  • Overview
  • 25.1 Introduction
  • 25.2 Basic constructionist discourse analysis theory
  • 25.3 Agenda of discourse analysis
  • 25.4 Doing discourse analysis
  • 25.5 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 26 Conversation analysis
  • Overview
  • 26.1 Introduction
  • 26.2 Some precepts of conversation analysis
  • 26.3 Stages in conversation analysis
  • 26.4 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 27 Interpretative phenomenological analysis
  • Overview
  • 27.1 Introduction
  • 27.2 Philosophical foundations of interpretative phenomenological analysis
  • 27.3 Stages in interpretative phenomenological analysis
  • 27.4 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 28 Evaluating qualitative research
  • Overview
  • 28.1 Introduction
  • 28.2 Criteria for novices
  • 28.3 Evaluating qualitative research
  • 28.4 Validity
  • 28.5 Conclusion
  • Activities
  • 29 Improving a qualitative write-up
  • Overview
  • 29.1 Introduction
  • 29.2 Poorly written qualitative report
  • 29.3 Critical evaluation
  • Activities
  • 30 Online Internet mediated research
  • Overview
  • 30.1 Introduction
  • 30.2 Important psychological Internet-based tools
  • 30.3 Online surveys and survey websites
  • 30.4 Concerns about Internet surveys
  • 30.5 Mixing online and offline methods
  • 30.6 Online focus groups
  • 30.7 Online experiments
  • 30.8 Internet as a source of archived data
  • 30.9 Big Data
  • 30.10 Managing Internet data
  • 30.11 Conclusion: Pros and cons of Internet mediated research
  • Activities
  • Part 5 Final considerations for research projects
  • 31 Developing ideas for research
  • Overview
  • 31.1 Introduction
  • 31.2 Why not a replication study?
  • 31.3 Choosing a research topic
  • 31.4 Sources of research ideas
  • 31.5 Conclusion
  • Activity
  • 32 Managing your research project
  • Overview
  • 32.1 Introduction
  • 32.2 Advice to consider
  • 32.3 Conclusion
  • Activity
  • Glossary
  • References
  • Index
  • Acknowledgments