Research Design

Höfundar: John W. Creswell; J. David Creswell (Útgáfa: 6)
Research Design

Kaup valmöguleikar

Sjötta útgáfa metsölubókarinnar Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches veitir skýrar og hnitmiðaðar leiðbeiningar um hönnun rannsóknarverkefna og gerð rannsóknartillagna. Þessi aðgengilega bók leiðir lesendur í gegnum rannsóknarferlið, allt frá heimildarýni og mótun rannsóknarspurningar og tilgátu til hönnunar rannsóknar. Höfundarnir John W. Creswell og J. David Creswell fjalla á hverju stigi um eigindlegar og megindlegar rannsóknaraðferðir, sem og blandaðar aðferðir, og hjálpa lesendum að velja þá nálgun sem hæfir rannsóknarspurningunni best.

Sjötta útgáfan hefur verið endurskoðuð ítarlega með hliðsjón af sjöundu útgáfu Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Málfar er nú inngildandi, tilvísanastaðlar hafa verið uppfærðir og leiðbeiningar um ritun endurbættar.

Uppfærslurnar endurspegla nýjustu þróun á sviði blandaðra rannsóknaraðferða. Ný dæmi um rannsóknir varpa jafnframt ljósi á nýja strauma í rannsóknum.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
SAGE Publications, Inc. (US)
ISBN
9781071817964
Print ISBN
9781071817940
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
6
Höfundar
John W. Creswell; J. David Creswell
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2022-10-24
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
10

Kaflar

  • Preface
  • Companion Website
  • Acknowledgments
  • About the Authors
  • PART I PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
  • Chapter 1 The Selection of a Research Approach
  • Learning Objectives
  • Introducing Key Terms in this Chapter
  • Three Approaches or Methodologies in Research
  • Three Major Components of a Research Approach
  • Philosophical Worldviews
  • The Postpositivist Worldview
  • The Constructivist Worldview
  • The Transformative Worldview
  • The Pragmatic Worldview
  • Research Designs
  • Quantitative Designs
  • Qualitative Designs
  • Mixed Methods Designs
  • Research Methods
  • Interconnecting Worldviews, Designs, and Methods
  • Criteria for Selecting a Research Approach
  • The Research Problem and Questions
  • Personal Experiences
  • Audience
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Writing Exercises
  • Additional Readings
  • Chapter 2 Review of the Literature
  • Learning Objectives
  • Introduction
  • The Research Topic
  • A Draft Title
  • A Significant Topic
  • The Purpose and Organization of a Literature Review
  • Purpose of a Literature Review
  • The Organization of the Literature Review
  • General Forms
  • A Qualitative Structure
  • A Quantitative Structure
  • A Mixed Methods Structure
  • Steps in Conducting a Literature Review
  • Searching the Literature
  • Computer Databases
  • Types of Literature
  • Priority of the Literature
  • Overall Evaluation Quality
  • Abstracting the Literature
  • Components of an Abstract
  • Theoretical, Conceptual, and Methodological Abstracts
  • A Literature Map
  • Style Manual Use
  • The Definition of Terms
  • General Guidelines
  • Special Terms
  • ► Example 2.2 Defining Terms in a Dissertation
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Writing Exercises
  • Additional Readings
  • Chapter 3 The Use of Theory
  • Learning Objectives
  • Introduction
  • The Varied Use of Theory
  • Quantitative Theory Use
  • Definition of a Theory in Quantitative Research
  • Variables in Quantitative Research
  • Testing Causal Claims in Quantitative Research
  • Stating Theories in Quantitative Research
  • Placement of Quantitative Theories
  • Writing a Quantitative Theoretical Perspective
  • ► Example 3.1 A Quantitative Theory Section
  • Qualitative Theory Use
  • Variation in Theory Use in Qualitative Research
  • Locating the Theory in Qualitative Research
  • ► Example 3.2 A Theory Early in a Qualitative Study
  • ► Example 3.3 Theory at the End of a Qualitative Study
  • Mixed Methods Theory Use
  • Types of Mixed Methods Theory Use
  • Importance of a Theory
  • Distinctions Between a Theory and a Worldview
  • A Theoretically Driven Mixed Methods Study
  • What Theory Informs
  • ► Example 3.4 A Discipline-Based Theory in a Mixed Methods Study
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Writing Exercises
  • Additional Readings
  • Chapter 4 Writing Strategies and Ethical Considerations
  • Learning Objectives
  • Introduction
  • Writing the Proposal
  • Topics Presented in a Proposal
  • A Qualitative Proposal
  • ► Example 4.1 A Qualitative Constructivist or Interpretivist Format
  • A Quantitative Proposal
  • ► Example 4.2 A Qualitative Participatory or Social Justice Format
  • ► Example 4.3 A Quantitative Format
  • A Mixed Methods Proposal
  • ► Example 4.4 A Mixed Methods Format
  • Designing the Sections of a Proposal
  • Writing Strategies
  • The Process
  • The Habit of Writing
  • Clear and Concise Writing
  • Coherence
  • Voice, Tense, and “Fat”
  • Ethical Issues
  • Prior to Beginning the Study
  • Beginning the Study
  • Collecting the Data
  • Analyzing the Data
  • Reporting, Sharing, and Storing Data
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Writing Exercises
  • Additional Readings
  • PART II DESIGNING RESEARCH
  • Chapter 5 The Introduction
  • Learning Objectives
  • Introduction to a Study
  • The Importance of Introductions
  • An Abstract for a Study
  • Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Introductions
  • A Model for an Introduction
  • An Illustration of an Introduction
  • The Research Problem
  • Evidence From the Literature Justifying the Problem
  • Deficiencies in the Evidence
  • ► Example 5.1 Deficiencies in the Literature—Needed Studies
  • ► Example 5.2 Deficiencies in the Literature—Few Studies
  • Importance of the Problem for Audiences
  • ► Example 5.3 Significance of the Study Stated in an Introduction to a Quantitative Study
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Writing Exercises
  • Additional Readings
  • Chapter 6 The Purpose Statement
  • Learning Objectives
  • Introduction
  • Significance of a Purpose (or Study Aim) Statement
  • A Qualitative Purpose Statement
  • ► Example 6.1 A Purpose Statement in a Qualitative Phenomenology Study
  • ► Example 6.2 A Purpose Statement in a Qualitative Case Study
  • ► Example 6.3 A Purpose Statement in a Narrative Study
  • ► Example 6.4 A Purpose Statement in a Grounded Theory Study
  • A Quantitative Purpose Statement
  • ► Example 6.5 A Purpose Statement in a Survey Study
  • ► Example 6.6 A Purpose Statement in a Dissertation Survey Study
  • ► Example 6.7 A Purpose Statement in an Experimental Study
  • A Mixed Methods Purpose Statement
  • ► Example 6.8 A Convergent Mixed Methods Purpose Statement
  • ► Example 6.9 An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Purpose Statement
  • ► Example 6.10 An Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Purpose Statement
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Writing Exercises
  • Additional Readings
  • Chapter 7 Research Questions and Hypotheses
  • Learning Objectives
  • Introduction
  • Quantitative Research Questions and Hypotheses
  • ► Example 7.1 Script for a Descriptive Quantitative Research Question
  • ► Example 7.2 Script for a Relationship-Oriented Quantitative Research Question and Directional Hypothesis
  • ► Example 7.3 Example of Quantitative Directional Hypotheses
  • Qualitative Research Questions
  • ► Example 7.4 A Qualitative Central Question in an Ethnography
  • ► Example 7.5 Qualitative Central Questions in a Case Study
  • ► Example 7.6 Qualitative Sub-Questions
  • Mixed Methods Research Questions and Hypotheses
  • ► Example 7.7 Statement of Objectives in a Mixed Methods Study
  • ► Example 7.8 Research Questions in a Mixed Methods Study
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Writing Exercises
  • Additional Readings
  • Chapter 8 Quantitative Methods
  • Learning Objectives
  • Introduction
  • Putting Quantitative Research in Context
  • Quantitative Designs
  • Components of a Survey Study Method Plan
  • The Survey Design
  • The Purpose
  • Rationale for Using the Survey Method
  • Type of Survey Method
  • Specify the Form of Data Collection
  • The Population and Sample
  • The Population
  • Sampling Design
  • Type of Sampling
  • Population Stratification
  • Sample Size Determination
  • Power Analysis
  • Instrumentation
  • The Survey Instruments Used to Collect Data
  • Instruments and Measures
  • Validity of Scores Using the Instrument
  • Reliability of Scores on the Instrument
  • Inter-Rater Reliability
  • Sample Items
  • Content of an Instrument
  • Pilot Testing
  • Administering the Survey
  • Variables in the Study
  • Data Analysis
  • Preregistering the Study Plan
  • Interpreting Results and Writing a Discussion Section
  • Reporting Results
  • Statistical Tests in Survey Research
  • Practical Evidence
  • Context of Previous Studies
  • Components of an Experimental Study Method Plan
  • Participants
  • Recruiting Participants
  • Random Assignment
  • Power Analysis for Sample Size
  • Formal Design Statement
  • Variables
  • Independent Variables
  • Manipulation Check
  • Dependent Variables
  • Other Variables
  • Instrumentation and Materials
  • Materials
  • Cover Story
  • Experimental Procedures
  • Type of Experiment
  • ► Example 8.1 Pre-Experimental Designs
  • ► Example 8.2 Quasi-Experimental Designs
  • ► Example 8.3 True Experimental Designs
  • ► Example 8.4 Single-Subject Designs
  • Threats to Validity
  • Internal Validity
  • External Validity
  • The Procedure
  • Data Analysis
  • Reporting the Descriptive Statistics
  • Preliminary Analysis
  • Inferential Statistical Tests
  • Factorial Designs
  • Single-Subject Designs
  • Preregistering the Study Plan
  • Interpreting Results and Writing a Discussion Section
  • ► Example 8.5 An Experimental Method Plan
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Writing Exercises
  • Additional Readings
  • Chapter 9 Qualitative Methods
  • Learning Objectives
  • Introduction
  • Putting Qualitative Research Into Context
  • Participants’ Meanings
  • Natural Setting
  • Researcher as Key Instrument
  • Multiple Sources of Data
  • Inductive and Deductive Data Analysis
  • Emergent Design
  • Reflexivity
  • Researcher’s Role
  • A Complex Account
  • The Approach or Design
  • Descriptive Methods
  • Analytic Frameworks
  • Data Collection Procedures
  • Sampling and Recruitment
  • Permissions
  • Data Collection Types
  • Ethical Issues
  • Data Recording Procedures
  • Observation Protocol or Guide
  • Interview Protocol
  • Data Analysis Procedures
  • Simultaneous Procedures
  • Winnowing the Data
  • Using Qualitative Computer Software Programs
  • Steps in the Analytic Process
  • Step 1. Organizing and Preparing the Data for Analysis
  • Step 2. Reading Through All the Data
  • Step 3. Coding the Data
  • Step 4. Identifying Themes
  • Step 5. Developing a Story Line Interpretation
  • Step 6. Further Analyzing the Data Using an Analytic Framework
  • Step 7. Representing and Interpreting the Data
  • Coding the Data
  • Expected Codes
  • Surprising Codes
  • Codes of Unusual or Conceptual Interest
  • Predetermined Codes
  • Visual Images as Codes
  • Interpretation
  • Validity and Reliability
  • Defining Qualitative Validity
  • Validity Strategies
  • Reliability Strategies
  • Intercoder Agreement
  • Qualitative Generalization
  • Writing the Qualitative Report
  • Writing Strategies
  • A Sample Qualitative Method Section
  • The Qualitative Research Paradigm
  • The Ethnographic Research Design
  • The Researcher’s Role
  • Bounding the Study
  • Setting
  • Actors
  • Events
  • Processes
  • Ethical Considerations
  • Data Collection Strategies
  • Data Analysis Procedures
  • Verification
  • Reporting the Findings
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Writing Exercises
  • Additional Readings
  • Chapter 10 Mixed Methods Procedures
  • Learning Objectives
  • Introduction
  • Putting Mixed Methods Research in Perspective
  • Characteristics of Mixed Methods Research
  • Justification for Using Mixed Methods Research
  • Definitions of Mixed Methods Terms
  • Open- and Closed-Ended Data
  • Research Design
  • Integration
  • Joint Display
  • Metainferences
  • The Process of Conducting a Mixed Methods Study
  • Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection
  • Core Mixed Methods Designs
  • The Convergent Mixed Methods Design
  • Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design
  • Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Design
  • Complex Mixed Methods Designs
  • Types of Complex Designs
  • Development of Complex Designs
  • Examples of Complex Designs
  • Incorporating Core Designs Into Complex Designs
  • Factors Important in Choosing a Mixed Methods Design
  • Choice Based on Intent and Procedures
  • Other Reasons for Choosing a Design
  • Popular Designs in a Field or Discipline
  • The Single Researcher Versus a Team
  • Choice of Design by Advisers or Mentors
  • Secondary Reasons for a Choice
  • Examples of Mixed Methods Procedures
  • ► Example 10.1 A Convergent Mixed Methods Design
  • ► Example 10.2 An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design
  • ► Example 10.3 An Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Design
  • ► Example 10.4 Social Justice Design
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Writing Exercises
  • Additional Readings
  • Glossary
  • References
  • Author Index
  • Subject Index