Raven Biology of Plants

Höfundar: Susan E. Eichorn; Ray Evert (Útgáfa: 8)
Raven Biology of Plants

Kaup valmöguleikar

Áttunda útgáfa þessarar metsölukennslubókar í grasafræði hefur verið uppfærð með nýjustu frumheimildum, átta nýjum ritgerðum með áherslu á vistfræði og 175 nýjum skýringarmyndum og ljósmyndum. Bókin er ómetanlegt hjálpartæki fyrir bæði nemendur og fagfólk.

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Útgefandi
Macmillan Learning
ISBN
9781319156268
Print ISBN
9781464113512
Format
Page Fidelity (PDF)
Útgáfa
8
Höfundar
Susan E. Eichorn; Ray Evert
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
20180126
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Half Title
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • CONTENTS IN BRIEF
  • CONTENTS
  • Preface
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1 Botany: An Introduction
  • Evolution of Plants
  • Evolution of Communities
  • Appearance of Human Beings
  • SECTION 1 BIOLOGY OF THE PLANT CELL
  • 2 The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells
  • Organic Molecules
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • ESSAY: Vegetarians, Amino Acids, and Nitrogen
  • Nucleic Acids
  • Secondary Metabolites
  • 3 The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle
  • Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
  • ESSAY: Cell Theory versus Organismal Theory
  • The Plant Cell: An Overview
  • Nucleus
  • Chloroplasts and Other Plastids
  • Mitochondria
  • Peroxisomes
  • Vacuoles
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Cytoskeleton
  • ESSAY: Cytoplasmic Streaming in Giant Algal Cells
  • Flagella and Cilia
  • Cell Wall
  • The Cell Cycle
  • Interphase
  • Mitosis and Cytokinesis
  • 4 The Movement of Substances into and out of Cells
  • Principles of Water Movement
  • Cells and Diffusion
  • Osmosis and Living Organisms
  • ESSAY: Imbibition
  • Structure of Cellular Membranes
  • Transport of Solutes across Membranes
  • ESSAY: Patch-Clamp Recording in the Study of Ion Channels
  • Vesicle-Mediated Transport
  • Cell-to-Cell Communication
  • SECTION 2 ENERGETICS
  • 5 The Flow of Energy
  • The Laws of Thermodynamics
  • Oxidation–Reduction
  • Enzymes
  • Cofactors in Enzyme Action
  • Metabolic Pathways
  • Regulation of Enzyme Activity
  • The Energy Factor: ATP
  • 6 Respiration
  • An Overview of Glucose Oxidation
  • Glycolysis
  • The Aerobic Pathway
  • ESSAY: Bioluminescence
  • Other Substrates for Respiration
  • Anaerobic Pathways
  • ESSAY: The Botany of Beer
  • The Strategy of Energy Metabolism
  • 7 Photosynthesis, Light, and Life
  • Photosynthesis: A Historical Perspective
  • The Nature of Light
  • ESSAY: The Fitness of Light
  • The Role of Pigments
  • The Reactions of Photosynthesis
  • The Carbon-Fixation Reactions
  • ESSAY: Global Warming: The Future Is Now
  • SECTION 3 GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
  • 8 Sexual Reproduction and Heredity
  • Sexual Reproduction
  • The Eukaryotic Chromosome
  • The Process of Meiosis
  • How Characteristics Are Inherited
  • Mendel’s Two Principles
  • Linkage
  • Mutations
  • Broadening the Concept of the Gene
  • Asexual Reproduction: An Alternative Strategy
  • Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual and Sexual Reprodution
  • ESSAY: Vegetative Reproduction: Some Ways and Means
  • 9 The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression
  • The Structure of DNA
  • DNA Replication
  • From DNA to Protein: The Role of RNA
  • The Genetic Code
  • Protein Synthesis
  • Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
  • The DNA of the Eukaryotic Chromosome
  • Transcription and Processing of mRNA in Eukaryotes
  • Noncoding RNAs and Gene Regulation
  • 10 Recombinant DNA Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics
  • Recombinant DNA Technology
  • Plant Biotechnology
  • ESSAY: Model Plants: Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa
  • ESSAY: Totipotency
  • Genomics
  • 11 The Process of Evolution
  • Darwin’s Theory
  • The Concept of the Gene Pool
  • The Behavior of Genes in Populations: The Hardy-Weinberg Law
  • The Agents of Change
  • Responses to Selection
  • ESSAY: Invasive Plants
  • The Result of Natural Selection: Adaptation
  • The Origin of Species
  • How Does Speciation Occur?
  • ESSAY: Adaptive Radiation in Hawaiian Lobeliads
  • The Origin of Major Groups of Organisms
  • SECTION 4 DIVERSITY
  • 12 Systematics: The Science of Biological Diversity
  • Taxonomy: Nomenclature and Classification
  • ESSAY: Convergent Evolution
  • Cladistics
  • Molecular Systematics
  • ESSAY: Google Earth: A Tool for Discovering and Protecting Biodiversity
  • The Major Groups of Organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
  • Origin of the Eukaryotes
  • The Protists and Eukaryotic Kingdoms
  • Life Cycles and Diploidy
  • 13 Prokaryotes and Viruses
  • Characteristics of the Prokaryotic Cell
  • Diversity of Form
  • Reproduction and Gene Exchange
  • Endospores
  • Metabolic Diversity
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Viruses
  • Viroids: Other Infectious Particles
  • 14 Fungi
  • The Importance of Fungi
  • Characteristics of Fungi
  • ESSAY: Phototroprism in a Fungus
  • Microsporidians: Phylum Microsporidia
  • Chytrids: A Polyphyletic Group of Fungi with Flagellated Cells
  • Zygomycetes: A Polyphyletic Group of Filamentous Fungi
  • Glomeromycetes: Phylum Glomeromycota
  • Ascomycetes: Phylum Ascomycota
  • Basidiomycetes: Phylum Basidiomycota
  • ESSAY: Predaceous Fungi
  • Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi
  • ESSAY: From Pathogen to Symbiont: Fungal Endophytes
  • 15 Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists
  • Ecology of the Algae
  • ESSAY: Algae and Human Affairs
  • ESSAY: Red Tides/Toxic Blooms
  • Euglenoids
  • Cryptomonads: Phylum Cryptophyta
  • Haptophytes: Phylum Haptophyta
  • Dinoflagellates
  • ESSAY: Coral Reefs and Global Warming
  • Photosynthetic Stramenopiles
  • Red Algae: Phylum Rhodophyta
  • Green Algae
  • Heterotrophic Protists
  • 16 Bryophytes
  • The Relationships of Bryophytes to Other Groups
  • Comparative Structure and Reproduction of Bryophytes
  • Liverworts: Phylum Marchantiophyta
  • Mosses: Phylum Bryophyta
  • Hornworts: Phylum Anthocerotophyta
  • 17 Seedless Vascular Plants
  • Evolution of Vascular Plants
  • Organization of the Vascular Plant Body
  • Reproductive Systems
  • The Phyla of Seedless Vascular Plants
  • ESSAY: Coal Age Plants
  • Phylum Rhyniophyta
  • Phylum Zosterophyllophyta
  • Phylum Trimerophytophyta
  • Phylum Lycopodiophyta
  • Phylum Monilophyta
  • 18 Gymnosperms
  • Evolution of the Seed
  • Progymnosperms
  • Extinct Gymnosperms
  • Living Gymnosperms
  • Phylum Coniferophyta
  • Other Living Gymnosperm Phyla: Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, and Gnetophyta
  • 19 Introduction to the Angiosperms
  • Diversity in the Phylum Anthophyta
  • The Flower
  • The Angiosperm Life Cycle
  • ESSAY: Hay Fever
  • 20 Evolution of the Angiosperms
  • Angiosperm Ancestors
  • Time of Origin and Diversification of the Angiosperms
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of the Angiosperms
  • Evolution of the Flower
  • Evolution of Fruits
  • Biochemical Coevolution
  • 21 Plants and People
  • The Rise of Agriculture
  • ESSAY: The Origin of Maize
  • The Growth of Human Populations
  • ESSAY: Biofuels: Part of the Solution, or Another Problem?
  • Agriculture in the Future
  • SECTION 5 THE ANGIOSPERM PLANT BODY: STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT
  • 22 Early Development of the Plant Body
  • Formation of the Embryo
  • The Mature Embryo
  • Seed Maturation
  • Requirements for Seed Germination
  • ESSAY: Wheat: Bread and Bran
  • From Embryo to Adult Plant
  • 23 Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body
  • Apical Meristems and Their Derivatives
  • Growth, Morphogenesis, and Differentiation
  • Internal Organization of the Plant Body
  • Ground Tissues
  • Vascular Tissues
  • Dermal Tissues
  • 24 The Root: Structure and Development
  • Root Systems
  • Origin and Growth of Primary Tissues
  • Primary Structure
  • Effect of Secondary Growth on the Primary Body of the Root
  • Origin of Lateral Roots
  • Aerial Roots and Air Roots
  • Adaptations for Food Storage: Fleshy Roots
  • ESSAY: Getting to the Root of Organ Development
  • 25 The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development
  • Origin and Growth of the Primary Tissues of the Stem
  • Primary Structure of the Stem
  • Relation between the Vascular Tissues of the Stem and Leaf
  • Morphology and Structure of the Leaf
  • ESSAY: Leaf Dimorphism in Aquatic Plants
  • Grass Leaves
  • Development of the Leaf
  • ESSAY: Strong, Versatile, Sustainable Bamboo
  • Leaf Abscission
  • Transition between the Vascular Systems of the Root and Shoot
  • Development of the Flower
  • Stem and Leaf Modifications
  • 26 Secondary Growth in Stems
  • Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials
  • The Vascular Cambium
  • Effect of Secondary Growth on the Primary Body of the Stem
  • Wood: Secondary Xylem
  • ESSAY: The Truth about Knots
  • SECTION 6 PHYSIOLOGY OF SEED PLANTS
  • 27 Regulating Growth and Development: The Plant Hormones
  • Auxins
  • Cytokinins
  • Ethylene
  • Abscisic Acid
  • Gibberellins
  • Brassinosteroids
  • The Molecular Basis of Hormone Action
  • 28 External Factors and Plant Growth
  • The Tropisms
  • Circadian Rhythms
  • Photoperiodism
  • The Floral Stimulus
  • Vernalization: Cold and the Flowering Response
  • Dormancy
  • ESSAY: Doomsday Seed Vault: Securing Crop Diversity
  • Nastic Movements and Solar Tracking
  • 29 Plant Nutrition and Soils
  • Essential Elements
  • Functions of Essential Elements
  • The Soil
  • Nutrient Cycles
  • Nitrogen and the Nitrogen Cycle
  • ESSAY: Carnivorous Plants
  • Phosphorus and the Phosphorus Cycle
  • Human Impact on Nutrient Cycles and Effects of Pollution
  • Soils and Agriculture
  • ESSAY: Halophytes: A Future Resource?
  • ESSAY: Compost
  • Plant Nutrition Research
  • ESSAY: The Water Cycle
  • 30 The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants
  • Movement of Water and Inorganic Nutrients through the Plant Body
  • ESSAY: Green Roofs: A Cool Alternative
  • Absorption of Water and Ions by Roots
  • Assimilate Transport: Movement of Substances through the Phloem
  • Appendix: Classification of Organisms
  • Suggestions for Further Reading
  • Glossary
  • Illustration Credits
  • Index