Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing
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Using the latest clinical research and diagnoses, Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing, 10th Edition provides a holistic, biopsychosocial approach to psychiatric nursing care. It follows the popular Stuart stress-adaptation framework and includes comprehensive coverage to simplify important nursing and medical concepts, promote quality and safety in care, and address psychobiology and psychopharmacology topics integral to today’s psychiatry.
New to this edition is a chapter on psychiatric care of military personnel, plus the latest on health care reform, prescription abuse, and obesity issues. Written by psychiatric nursing expert Gail W. Stuart, this market-leading text makes it easy to apply classroom theory to clinical practice. An easy-to-follow writing style makes it easy to understand both simple and complex topics. A well-rounded, collaborative approach provides coverage of all major psychiatric disorders from nursing and medical perspectives.
The Stuart Stress Adaptation Model of health and wellness provides a consistent nursing-oriented framework, with clear explanations of biological, psychological, sociocultural, environmental, and legal-ethical components. An evidence-based practice approach bridges the gap between clinical research and everyday practice. Learning from a Clinical Case boxes begin disorders chapters with thought-provoking questions and end chapters with answers and feedback.
Summarizing the Evidence boxes in the disorders chapters examine the research and findings that support psychiatric nursing care. A family focus and discussions of outpatient care reflect current trends in psychiatric nursing. A Patient Speaks and A Family Speaks boxes present short vignettes with the patient’s and family’s perspectives of the caregiving process. Competent Caring: A Clinical Exemplar of a Psychiatric Nurse boxes feature the experiences and personal insights of practicing psychiatric nurses.
Medical and Nursing Diagnoses boxes and Detailed Diagnoses tables emphasize the interdisciplinary approach to patient care by presenting NANDA diagnoses relevant to specific disorders and describing the essential features of the related DSM-IV-TR diagnoses. Nursing Treatment Plan Summary tables present care plans including patient goals with nursing interventions and rationales. Patient Education Plan and Family Education Plan tables include key information that you need to share with the patient and his or her family to facilitate shorter hospital stays and more outpatient care.
Nánar um bókina
- Elsevier Health Sciences (US)
- 9780323294126
- 9780323082648
- ePub
- 10
- Gail Wiscarz Stuart
- English
- 2012-07-23
- 10
Kaflar
- Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing
- Cover
- Front Matter
- Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- About the Author
- About the Artist
- Contributors
- Reviewers
- Preface
- Student Learning Guide
- Faculty Teaching Guide
- List of Illustrations
- List of Tables
- Chapter 1 : Roles and Functions of Psychiatric–Mental Health Nurses: Competent Caring
- Learning Objectives
- Historical Perspectives
- Role Emergence
- Evolving Functions
- Contemporary Practice
- Nurse-Patient Partnership
- Competent Caring
- Direct Care Activities
- Communication Activities
- Management Activities
- Levels of Performance
- Laws
- Qualifications
- Practice Setting
- Personal Initiative
- Psychiatric Nursing Agenda
- Outcome Evaluation
- Leadership Skills
- Political Action
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 2 : Therapeutic Nurse–Patient Relationship
- Learning Objectives
- Characteristics of the Relationship
- Personal Qualities of the Nurse
- Awareness of Self
- Increasing Self-Awareness
- The Nurse and Self-Growth
- Clarification of Values
- Value Systems
- Value Clarification Process
- The Mature Valuing Process
- Exploration of Feelings
- Serving as Role Model
- Altruism
- Ethics and Responsibility
- Phases of the Relationship
- Preinteraction Phase
- Concerns of New Nurses
- Self-Assessment
- Introductory, or Orientation, Phase
- Forming a Contract
- Working Phase
- Termination Phase
- Facilitative Communication
- Verbal Communication
- Nonverbal Communication
- Types of Nonverbal Behaviors
- Interpreting Nonverbal Behavior
- Patient
- Nurse Response No. 1
- Nurse Response No. 2
- Nurse Response No. 3
- Implications for Nursing Care
- The Communication Process
- Structural Model
- Sender
- Congruent Communication
- Verbal Level
- Nonverbal Level
- Incongruent Communication
- Verbal Level
- Nonverbal Level
- Message
- Receiver
- Feedback
- Context
- Therapeutic Communication Techniques
- Listening
- Broad Openings
- Restating
- Clarification
- Reflection
- Patient
- Nurse
- Patient
- Nurse
- Patient
- Focusing
- Patient
- Nurse
- Sharing Perceptions
- Patient
- Nurse
- Theme Identification
- Silence
- Humor
- Informing
- Suggesting
- Motivational Interviewing
- Responsive Dimensions
- Genuineness
- Patient
- Nurse
- Respect
- Empathic Understanding
- Development of Empathy
- Empathic Responses
- Patient
- Nurse
- Patient
- Nurse
- Patient
- Nurse
- Patient
- Nurse
- Patient
- Concreteness
- Example 1
- Patient
- Nurse
- Patient
- Nurse
- Example 2
- Patient
- Nurse
- Action Dimensions
- Confrontation
- Timing in Relationships
- Example 1
- Nurse
- Example 2
- Nurse
- Example 3
- Nurse
- Example 4
- Nurse
- Example 5
- Nurse
- Immediacy
- Example 1
- Patient
- Nurse
- Example 2
- Patient
- Nurse
- Nurse Self-Disclosure
- Patient
- Nurse
- Emotional Catharsis
- Nurse
- Patient
- Nurse
- Patient
- Patient
- Role Playing
- Therapeutic Impasses
- Resistance
- Transference
- Overcoming Resistance and Transference
- Countertransference
- Problem Patients
- Boundary Violations
- Therapeutic Outcome
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 3 : The Stuart Stress Adaptation Model of Psychiatric Nursing Care
- Learning Objectives
- Theoretical Assumptions
- Describing Mental Health and Illness
- Defining Mental Health
- Criteria of Mental Health.
- Defining Mental Illness
- Overall
- Substance Use
- Costs
- Treatment
- Biopsychosocial Components
- Predisposing Factors
- Precipitating Stressors
- Stressful Life Events.
- Life Strains and Hassles.
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Cognitive Responses.
- Affective Responses.
- Physiological Responses.
- Behavioral Responses.
- Social Responses.
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Patterns of Response
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Relationship to Medical Diagnoses
- Classifying Mental Disorders
- DSM-IV-TR.
- Cultural formulation
- Treatment Stages and Activities
- Crisis Stage
- Acute Stage
- Health Maintenance Stage
- Health Promotion Stage
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 4 : Evidence-Based Psychiatric Nursing Practice
- Learning Objectives
- Evidence-Based Practice
- Bases for Nursing Practice
- Developing Evidence-Based Care
- Practice Guidelines
- Clinical Pathways
- Clinical Algorithms
- Outcome Measurement
- Clinical Outcome Indicators
- Functional Outcome Indicators
- Satisfaction Outcome Indicators
- Financial Outcome Indicators
- Patient Satisfaction
- Quality Report Cards
- Evidence Base for Psychiatric Nursing Practice
- Agenda for Psychiatric Nursing Research
- Beyond Evidence-Based Practice
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 5 : Biological Context of Psychiatric Nursing Care
- Learning Objectives
- Structure and Function of the Brain
- Cerebrum
- Dominant Hemisphere
- Nondominant Hemisphere
- Corpus Callosum
- Cerebral Cortex
- Frontal Lobes
- Parietal Lobes
- Central Sulcus
- Temporal Lobes
- Lateral Fissure
- Occipital Lobes
- Diencephalon
- Thalamus
- Pineal Gland
- Hypothalamus
- Brainstem
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla Oblongata
- Reticular Formation
- Basal Ganglia
- Limbic System
- Hippocampus
- Amygdala
- Fornix
- Cerebellum
- Ventricles
- Spinal Fluid
- Blood-Brain and Blood-CSF Barriers
- Neuroimaging
- Biological Rhythms
- Circadian Rhythms
- Sleep
- Psychoneuroimmunology
- Genetics
- Genetics of Mental Illness
- Impact of the Human Genome Project
- Biological Assessment of the Patient
- Health Care History
- General Health Care
- Hospitalizations, Surgeries, and Medical Procedures
- Brain Impairment
- Cancer
- Lung Problems
- Cardiac Problems
- Diabetes
- Endocrine Disturbances
- Menstrual History
- Sexual History
- Reproductive History
- Lifestyle
- Eating
- Medications
- Substance Use
- Toxins
- Occupation (Current and Past)
- Injury
- Impact of Culture, Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
- Physical Examination
- Review of Physiological Systems
- Laboratory Values
- Presenting Symptoms and Coping Responses
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 6 : Psychological Context of Psychiatric Nursing Care
- Learning Objectives
- Mental Status Examination
- Obtaining Clinical Information
- Content of the Examination
- General Description
- Emotional State
- Experiences
- Thinking
- Sensorium and Cognition
- Clinical Judgment or Sociocultural Bias?
- Appearance
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Speech
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Motor Activity
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Interaction During the Interview
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Mood
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Affect
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Perceptions
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Thought Content
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Thought Process
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Level of Consciousness
- Observations.
- Questions Related to Time
- Questions Related to Place
- Questions Related to Person
- Clinical Implications
- Memory
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Level of Concentration and Calculation
- Problem-Solving Tasks Favoring Women
- Problem-Solving Tasks Favoring Men
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Information and Intelligence
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Judgment
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Insight
- Observations.
- Clinical Implications
- Documenting Clinical Information
- Mini-Mental State Examination
- Psychological Tests
- Behavioral Rating Scales
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 7 : Social, Cultural, and Spiritual Context of Psychiatric Nursing Care
- Learning Objectives
- Cultural Competency
- Risk Factors and Protective Factors
- Age
- Ethnicity
- Gender
- Education
- Income
- Beliefs
- Nursing Assessment and Diagnosis
- Age
- Questions
- Example
- Ethnicity
- Questions
- Example
- Gender
- Questions
- Example
- Education
- Questions
- Example
- Income
- Questions
- Example
- Beliefs
- Questions
- Example
- Treatment Implications
- Service Utilization
- Therapeutic Nurse–Patient Interactions
- Psychopharmacology
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 8 : Legal and Ethical Context of Psychiatric Nursing Care
- Learning Objectives
- Ethical Standards
- Ethical Decision Making
- Ethical Dilemmas
- Hospitalizing the Patient
- Voluntary Admission
- Involuntary Admission (Commitment)
- The Commitment Process.
- Emergency Hospitalization.
- Short-Term or Observational Hospitalization.
- Long-Term Hospitalization (Formal Commitment).
- Commitment Dilemma.
- Dangerousness
- Freedom of Choice
- Discharge
- Ethical Considerations
- Involuntary Community Treatment
- Patients’ Rights
- Right to Communicate With People Outside the Hospital
- Right to Keep Personal Effects
- Right to Enter into Contractual Relationships
- Incompetency.
- Right to Education
- Right to Habeas Corpus
- Right to Privacy
- HIPAA.
- Privileged Communication.
- Circle of Confidentiality.
- Protecting a Third Party.
- Right to Informed Consent
- Information to Disclose
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Consequences
- Alternatives
- Prognosis
- Principles of Informing
- Right to Treatment
- Right to Refuse Treatment
- Forcing Medications.
- Right to Treatment in the Least Restrictive Setting
- Ethical Considerations
- Psychiatry and Criminal Responsibility
- Disposition of Mentally Ill Offenders
- Legal Role of the Nurse
- Nurse as Provider
- Malpractice.
- Litigation.
- Case 1: Valentine v Strange (597 F. SUPP. 1316-VA.)
- Case 2: Delicata v Bourlesses (404 N.E. 2ND 667-MASS.)
- Case 3: Vattimo v Lower Bucks Hospital (428 A. 2ND 765-PA.)
- Legal Responsibilities.
- Nurse as Employee
- Nurse as Citizen
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 9 : Policy and Advocacy in Mental Health Care
- Learning Objectives
- A Compelling Need
- The Global View
- The National View
- Mental Health Status Improvement
- Treatment Expansion
- Goal 1: Americans Understand that Mental Health Is Essential to Overall Health
- Recommendations
- Goal 2: Mental Health Care Is Consumer and Family Driven
- Recommendations
- Goal 3: Disparities in Mental Health Services Are Eliminated
- Recommendations
- Goal 4: Early Mental Health Screening, Assessment, and Referral to Services Are Common Practice
- Recommendations
- Goal 5: Excellent Mental Health Care Is Delivered and Research Is Accelerated
- Recommendations
- Goal 6: Technology Is Used to Access Mental Health Care and Information
- Recommendations
- Policy and Legislation
- Mental Health Parity Act of 1996
- Mental Health and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (Federal Mental Health Parity Law)
- Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (Health Reform Law)
- Protection and Advocacy Act
- Americans with Disabilities Act
- Advance Directives
- Mental Health Courts
- Advocacy by Nurses
- Patient Advocacy
- Issues’ Advocacy
- Community and Public Health Advocacy
- Professional Advocacy
- Advocacy Strategies
- Advocacy Is a Personal and Professional Call to Action.
- Fight the Stigma.
- Share Your Personal Experience with Mental Illness.
- Influence Public Opinion and the Legislature.
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 10 : Families as Resources, Caregivers, and Collaborators
- Learning Objectives
- Family Assessment
- Characteristics of the Functional Family
- Culture
- Family History
- Family APGAR
- Working with Families
- Competence Model
- Psychoeducational Programs
- Nature and Purpose of Program
- The Family Experience
- Mental Illness I
- Mental Illness II
- Managing Symptoms and Problems
- Stress, Coping, and Adaptation
- Enhancing Personal and Family Effectiveness I
- Enhancing Personal and Family Effectiveness II
- Relationships Between Families and Professionals
- Community Resources
- Benefits of Family Involvement
- Barriers to Family Involvement
- Families as a Population at Risk
- Building Bridges
- Developing a Collaboration with the Family
- Offering Information on Mental Illness
- Enhancing Family Communication and Problem Solving
- Helping With Service System Use
- Helping Family Members Meet Own Needs
- Addressing Special Issues Concerning the Patient
- Addressing Special Issues Concerning the Family
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 11 : Implementing the Nursing Process: Standards of Practice and Professional Performance
- Learning Objectives
- The Nursing Process
- Standards of Practice
- Assessment
- Standard 1: Assessment
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Diagnosis
- Standard 2: Diagnosis
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Outcomes Identification
- Standard 3: Outcomes Identification
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Planning
- Standard 4: Planning
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Implementation
- Standard 5: Implementation
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Standard 5 a : Coordination of Care
- Standard 5 b : Health Teaching and Health Promotion
- Standard 5 c : Milieu Therapy
- Standard 5 d : Pharmacological, Biological, and Integrative Therapies
- Advanced-Practice Interventions 5 e to 5 g
- Standard 5 e : Prescriptive Authority and Treatment
- Standard 5 f : Psychotherapy
- Standard 5 g : Consultation
- Evaluation
- Standard 6: Evaluation
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Standards of Professional Performance
- Quality Of Practice
- Standard 7: Quality of Practice
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Education
- Standard 8: Education
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Professional Practice Evaluation
- Standard 9: Professional Practice Evaluation
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Collegiality
- Standard 10: Collegiality
- Rationale
- Key Element
- Collaboration
- Standard 11: Collaboration
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Ethics
- Standard 12: Ethics
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Research
- Standard 13: Research
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Resource Utilization
- Standard 14: Resource Utilization
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Leadership
- Standard 15: Leadership
- Rationale
- Key Elements
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Outcomes Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 12 : Prevention and Mental Health Promotion
- Learning Objectives
- Promotion and Prevention
- Mental Health Promotion
- Mental Illness Prevention
- Healthy People 2020 Recommendations
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2010-2011 Recommendations
- Models of Prevention
- Public Health Prevention Model
- Community Needs Assessment
- Identifying and Prioritizing High-Risk Groups
- Interventions
- Medical Prevention Model
- Nursing Prevention Model
- Assessment
- Risk Factors and Protective Factors
- Target Populations
- Planning and Implementation
- Health Education
- Self-Efficacy
- Types of Interventions
- Programs and Activities
- Definition
- Activities
- Environmental Change
- Organizations and Politics
- Social Support
- Definition
- Activities
- Types of Interventions
- Informal Support Groups
- Questions for the Group
- Questions for the Potential Member
- Stigma Reduction
- Evaluation
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 13 : Crisis and Disaster Intervention
- Learning Objectives
- Crisis Characteristics
- Crisis Responses
- Types of Crises
- Maturational Crises
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Situational Crises
- Crisis Intervention
- Survivors of Katrina
- Assessment
- Precipitating Event
- Perception of the Event
- Support Systems and Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Planning And Implementation
- Environmental Manipulation
- General Support
- Generic Approach
- Individual Approach
- Techniques
- Evaluation
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Outcomes Identification and Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
- Settings for Crisis and Disaster Intervention
- Modalities of Crisis Intervention
- Disaster Responses
- Psychiatric Diagnoses
- Psychological/Behavioral Responses
- Mobile Crisis Programs
- Telephone Contacts
- Group Work
- Victim Outreach Programs
- Health Education
- A Student’s View
- A Faculty’s View
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 14 : Recovery Support
- Learning Objectives
- Recovery
- Assessment
- The Individual
- Characteristics of Serious Mental Illness.
- Behaviors Related to Serious Mental Illness
- Activities of daily living
- Interpersonal relations
- Low self-esteem
- Motivation
- Strengths
- Nonadherence
- Living Skills Assessment
- The Family
- Components of Family Assessment.
- Family Burden
- Social Support Needs.
- The Community
- Planning and Implementation
- The Individual
- Developing Strengths and Potential.
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Learning Living Skills
- Illness Management and Recovery
- Accessing Community Supports
- Rehabilitation programs
- Consumer-centered services
- Residential services
- Supported employment
- Educational services
- The Family
- Empowerment
- Family Psychoeducation
- The Community
- Evaluation
- Patient and Family Evaluation
- Program Evaluation
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 15 : Anxiety Responses and Anxiety Disorders
- Learning Objectives
- Continuum of Anxiety Responses
- Defining Characteristics
- Case Background
- Case Critical Reasoning Questions
- Levels of Anxiety
- Assessment
- Behaviors
- Physiological
- Cardiovascular
- Respiratory
- Gastrointestinal
- Neuromuscular
- Urinary Tract
- Skin
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
- Affective
- Predisposing Factors
- Biological
- Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorders
- Endocrinologic Disorders
- Neurological Disorders
- Substance-Related Disorders
- Intoxications
- Withdrawal Syndromes
- Familial
- Psychological
- Behavioral
- Precipitating Stressors
- Threats to Physical Integrity
- Threats to Self-System
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Problem- or Task-Focused Coping
- Emotion- or Ego-Focused Coping
- Diagnosis
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Diagnoses
- Obsessions
- Examples
- Compulsions
- Examples
- Outcomes Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Severe and Panic Levels of Anxiety
- Establishing a Trusting Relationship
- Nurses’ Self-Awareness
- Protecting the Patient
- Modifying the Environment
- Encouraging Activity
- Medication
- Moderate Levels of Anxiety
- Psychoeducation
- Recognition of Anxiety
- Insight into the Anxiety
- Coping with the Threat
- Cognitive Restructuring
- Learning New Behavior
- Relaxation Training
- Physiological
- Cognitive
- Behavioral
- Biofeedback
- Systematic Desensitization
- Sample Hierarchy
- Evaluation
- 1. What are the stressors that led to his current condition?
- 2. What medical and nursing diagnoses do his symptoms suggest?
- 3. What comorbidity has he developed?
- 4. What neurotransmitters might be involved in his behavioral responses?
- 5. Which medications do you think would be helpful to him? Which ones should be avoided and why?
- 6. What types of education do he and his wife need?
- Case Outcome
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 16 : Psychophysiological Responses and Somatoform and Sleep Disorders
- Learning Objectives
- Continuum of Psychophysiological Responses
- Case Background
- Case Critical Reasoning Questions
- Assessment
- Behaviors
- Physiological
- Cardiovascular
- Musculoskeletal
- Respiratory
- Gastrointestinal
- Skin
- Genitourinary
- Endocrinologic
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Psychological
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Faking Illness
- Pain
- Sleep
- Predisposing Factors
- Biological
- Psychoneuroimmunology
- Sleep
- Psychological
- Sociocultural
- Precipitating Stressors
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Diagnosis
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Diagnoses
- Outcomes Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Psychological Approaches
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Patient Education
- Physiological Support
- Evaluation
- Case Outcome
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 17 : Self-Concept Responses and Dissociative Disorders
- Learning Objectives
- Continuum of Self-Concept Responses
- Self-Concept
- Developmental Influences
- Case Background
- Case Critical Reasoning Questions
- Significant Others
- Self-Perceptions
- Body Image
- Self-Ideal
- Self-Esteem
- Role Performance
- Personal Identity
- Developmental Influences
- Healthy Personality
- Assessment
- Behaviors
- Behaviors Associated With Low Self-Esteem
- Direct behaviors
- Self-criticism
- Self-diminution
- Guilt and worry
- Physical manifestations
- Postponing decisions
- Denying oneself pleasure
- Disturbed relationships
- Withdrawal from reality
- Self-destructiveness
- Other destructiveness
- Indirect behaviors
- Illusions and unrealistic goals
- Exaggerated sense of self
- Boredom
- Polarizing view of life
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Behaviors Associated With Identity Diffusion
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Behaviors Associated With Dissociation and Depersonalization
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Affective
- Perceptual
- Cognitive
- Behavioral
- Predisposing Factors
- Factors Affecting Self-Esteem
- Unrealistic Self-Ideals
- Factors Affecting Role Performance
- Gender roles
- Work roles
- Factors Affecting Personal Identity
- Precipitating Stressors
- Trauma.
- Role Strain
- Developmental transitions
- Health-illness transitions
- Biological Stressors
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Short-Term Defenses
- Long-Term Defenses
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Ego Defense Mechanisms
- Diagnosis
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Diagnoses
- Outcomes Identification
- Long-term goal
- Short-term goals
- After 1 week
- After 2 weeks
- After 3 weeks
- Planning
- Implementation
- Level 1: Expanded Self-Awareness
- Level 2: Self-Exploration
- Level 3: Self-Evaluation
- Level 4: Realistic Planning
- Level 5: Commitment to Action
- Evaluation
- 1. How has her childhood experience shaped her self-concept, body image, self-ideal, self-esteem, and personal identity?
- 2. How do the concepts of identity diffusion, dissociation, and depersonalization manifest in her behavior?
- 3. What precipitating stressors does she describe and how do they threaten her “idealized self“?
- 4. What medical and nursing diagnoses would be appropriate for helping her?
- Case Outcome
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 18 : Emotional Responses and Mood Disorders
- Learning Objectives
- Continuum of Emotional Responses
- Case Background
- Case Critical Reasoning Questions
- Grief Reactions
- Depression
- How Does Culture Impact Depression?
- Bipolar Disorder
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Bipolar Disorder
- Assessment
- Behaviors
- Behaviors Associated With Delayed Grief Reaction
- Selected Nursing Diagnosis
- Behaviors Associated With Depression
- Affective
- Physiological
- Cognitive
- Behavioral
- Postpartum onset
- Seasonal pattern
- Suicide
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Behaviors Associated With Bipolar Disorder
- Affective
- Physiological
- Cognitive
- Behavioral
- Selected Nursing Diagnosis
- Predisposing Factors
- Genetics
- Object Loss Theory
- Personality Organization Theory
- Cognitive Model
- Learned Helplessness-Hopelessness Model
- Behavioral Model
- Biological Model
- Endocrine system
- Cortisol
- Neurotransmission
- Behavior
- Biochemistry
- Neuroendocrine
- Treatment
- Brain imaging
- Biological rhythms
- Kindling
- Precipitating Stressors
- Loss of Attachment
- Inhibiting factors
- Life Events
- Role Strain
- Physiological Changes
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Diagnosis
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Diagnoses
- Outcomes Identification
- Planning
- Acute Treatment Phase
- Continuation Treatment Phase
- Maintenance Treatment Phase
- Implementation
- Definition
- Activities
- Patient Safety
- Intervening in Depressive Disorder
- Nurse-Patient Relationship
- Physiological Treatments
- Psychopharmacology
- Somatic and alternative therapies
- Expressing Feelings
- Cognitive Strategies
- Intervening in Bipolar Disorder
- Nurse-Patient Relationship
- Physiological Treatments
- Psychopharmacology
- Somatic therapy
- Expressing Feelings
- Cognitive Strategies
- Common Interventions for Both Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
- Behavioral Change
- Social Skill Building
- Family and Group Involvement
- Education
- Evaluation
- 1. What behaviors would you include in your assessment?
- 2. What medical and nursing diagnoses should be considered?
- 3. What medications might be prescribed for this patient?
- 4. What interventions would be implemented in the acute, continuation, and maintenance phases of treatment?
- Case Outcome
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 19 : Self-Protective Responses and Suicidal Behavior
- Learning Objectives
- Continuum of Self-Protective Responses
- Case Background
- Case Critical Reasoning Questions
- Epidemiology of Suicide
- Suicide Among Minority Groups
- Assessment
- Behaviors
- Noncompliance/Nonadherence
- Selected Nursing Diagnosis
- Self-Injury
- Suicidal Behavior
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Nature of the Assessment
- Predisposing Factors
- Psychiatric Diagnosis
- Personality Traits and Disorders
- Psychosocial Factors and Physical Illness
- Genetic and Familial Variables
- Biochemical Factors
- Precipitating Stressors
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Assessing Circumstances of an Attempt
- Presenting Symptoms
- Suicidal Behavior
- Psychiatric Illness
- Psychosocial History
- Personality Factors
- Family History
- Hospitalized Depressed Patients
- Elderly Patients
- Patients with Alcoholism
- Depressed Adolescents
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Diagnosis
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Diagnoses
- Outcomes Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Protection and Safety
- Increasing Self-Esteem
- Regulating Emotions and Behaviors
- Mobilizing Social Support
- Patient Education
- Suicide Prevention
- Evaluation
- 1. What are Kara’s predisposing risk and protective factors?
- 2. What behaviors suggest changes in her neurotransmitters?
- 3. What is her precipitating stressor and maladaptive coping mechanism?
- 4. What would be the goals of her treatment?
- Case Outcome
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 20 : Neurobiological Responses and Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders
- Learning Objectives
- Case Background
- Case Critical Reasoning Questions
- Continuum of Neurobiological Responses
- Assessment
- Positive Symptoms
- Psychotic Disorders of Thinking
- Disorganization of Speech and Behavior
- Negative Symptoms
- Problems of Emotion
- Impaired Decision Making
- Behaviors
- Cognition
- Memory
- Attention
- Form and Organization of Speech (Formal Thought Disorder)
- Decision Making
- Thought Content
- Memory
- Attention
- Form and organization of speech
- Loose Associations
- Incoherence
- Tangentiality
- Illogical Speech
- Distractible Speech
- Clang Associations
- Poverty of Content of Speech
- Decision making
- Thought content
- Perception
- Selected Nursing Diagnosis
- Neurological Soft Signs
- Neurological Hard Signs
- Emotion
- Behavior and Movement
- Behaviors
- Movements
- Selected Nursing Diagnosis
- Socialization
- Physical Health
- Predisposing Factors
- Genetics
- Neurobiology
- Imaging studies
- Neurotransmitter studies.
- Neurodevelopment
- Viral and Infection Theories
- Precipitating Stressors
- Biological
- Symptom Triggers
- Health
- Environment
- Attitudes/Behaviors
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Stress Diathesis Model
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Diagnosis
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Diagnoses
- Outcomes Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Interventions in the Crisis and Acute Phases
- Patient Safety
- Managing Delusions
- Place the Delusion in a Time Frame and Identify Triggers
- Assess the Intensity, Frequency, and Duration of the Delusion
- Identify Emotional Components of the Delusion
- Observe for Evidence of Concrete Thinking
- Observe Speech for Symptoms of a Thought Disorder
- Observe for the Ability to Accurately Use Cause-and-Effect Reasoning
- Distinguish Between the Description of the Experience and the Facts of the Situation
- Carefully Question the Facts as They Are Presented and Their Meaning
- Discuss Consequences of the Delusion When the Person Is Ready
- Promote Distraction as a Way to Stop Focusing on the Delusion
- Becoming Anxious and Avoiding the Person
- Reinforcing the Delusion
- Attempting to Prove the Person Is Wrong
- Setting Unrealistic Goals
- Becoming Incorporated into the Delusional System
- Failing to Clarify Confusion Surrounding the Delusion
- Being Inconsistent in Intervention
- Seeing the Delusion First and the Person Second
- Managing Hallucinations
- Establish a Trusting Interpersonal Relationship
- Assess for Symptoms of Hallucinations, Including Duration, Intensity, and Frequency
- Focus on the Symptom and Ask the Patient to Describe What Is Happening
- Help the Patient Manage the Hallucinations
- Identify Whether Drugs or Alcohol Have Been Used
- If Asked, Point Out Simply That You Are Not Experiencing the Same Stimuli
- Suggest and Reinforce the Use of Interpersonal Relationships as a Symptom Management Technique
- Help the Patient Describe and Compare Current and Past Hallucinations
- Help the Patient Identify Needs That May Be Reflected in the Content of the Hallucination
- Determine the Impact of the Patient’s Symptoms on Activities of Daily Living
- Psychopharmacology
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Interventions in the Maintenance Phase
- Stages of Relapse
- Stage 1: Overextension
- Stage 2: Restricted consciousness
- Stage 3: Disinhibition
- Stage 4: Psychotic disorganization
- Stage 5: Psychotic resolution
- Managing Relapse
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Category 1: Distraction
- Category 2: Fighting Back
- Category 3: Isolation
- Category 4: Attempts to Feel Better
- Category 5: Help Seeking
- Relapse and Medications
- Interventions in the Health Promotion Phase
- Evaluation
- 1. What positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia did he exhibit?
- 2. How did his illness affect his social and occupational functioning?
- 3. What problems in cognitive functioning did he exhibit?
- 4. What impact did his illness have on his family?
- 5. How was his physical health affected?
- 6. What behavioral strategies would help this patient and his family?
- 7. Make a plan for each treatment phase of the Stuart Stress Adaptation Model
- Case Outcome
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 21 : Social Responses and Personality Disorders
- Learning Objectives
- Continuum of Social Responses
- Case Background
- Case Critical Reasoning Questions
- Adaptive and Maladaptive Responses
- Development Through the Life Cycle
- Infancy
- Preschool Years
- Childhood
- Preadolescence
- Adolescence
- Young Adulthood
- Middle Adulthood
- Late Adulthood
- Assessment
- Behaviors
- Manipulation
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Narcissism
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Predisposing Factors
- Biological Factors
- Developmental Factors
- Sociocultural Factors
- Social Sensitivity
- Precipitating Stressors
- Sociocultural Stressors
- Psychological Stressors
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Selected Nursing Diagnosis
- Diagnosis
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Diagnoses
- Outcomes identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Protection from Self-Harm
- Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship
- Family Involvement
- Milieu Therapy
- Limit Setting and Structure
- Focusing on Strengths
- Behavioral Strategies
- Medications
- Evaluation
- 1 What are the features of his and her personality disorders?
- 2 What would each diagnosis be?
- 3 What are the predisposing factors of personality, temperament, and character that make their personalities problematic in this relationship?
- 4 What were the precipitating stressors that created the conflict?
- 5 What maladaptive coping made it difficult for them to communicate and accept each other’s needs?
- Case Outcome
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 22 : Cognitive Responses and Organic Mental Disorders
- Learning Objectives
- Continuum of Cognitive Responses
- Case Background
- Case Critical Reasoning Questions
- Assessment
- Behaviors
- Behaviors Associated With Delirium
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Behaviors Associated With Dementia
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Stage I: Mild—2 to 4 average years duration
- Stage II: Moderate—2 to 10 average years duration
- Stage III: Severe—1 to 3 average years duration
- Behaviors Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury
- Physical Problems
- Cognitive Problems
- Affective Problems
- Behavioral Problems
- Predisposing Factors
- Aging
- Neurobiological
- Brain imaging
- Genetic
- Underlying Psychiatric and Medical Disorders
- Precipitating Stressors
- Precipitating Stressors Associated With Delirium
- Narcotic
- Sedative-Hypnotics
- Cardiac Medications
- Anticholinergics
- Miscellaneous
- Central Nervous System Disorders
- Metabolic Disorders
- Cardiopulmonary Disorders
- Systemic Illnesses
- Sensory Deprivation or Stimulation
- Central nervous system disorder
- Metabolic disorder
- Cardiopulmonary disorder
- Systemic illness
- Sensory deprivation or stimulation
- Precipitating Stressors Associated with Dementia
- Children
- Adolescents
- Adults/Elderly
- Degenerative Brain Disorders
- Toxic-Metabolic Disturbances
- Central Nervous System Infections
- Miscellaneous
- Risk Factors
- Definite
- Possible
- Proposed Protective Factors
- Precipitating Stressors Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Coping Mechanisms Associated With Delirium
- Coping Mechanisms Associated With Dementia
- Coping Mechanisms Associated With Traumatic Brain Injury
- Diagnosis
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Diagnoses
- Outcomes Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Intervening in Delirium
- Physiological Needs
- Hallucinations
- Communication
- Patient Education
- Intervening in Dementia
- Pharmacological Approaches
- Orientation
- Communication
- Socialization and Structured Activities
- Sensory Enhancement
- Reinforcement of Adaptive Coping Mechanisms
- Wandering
- Decreasing Agitation
- Family and Community Interventions
- Decrease Escalation
- Communicate Effectively
- Review the Basics
- Intervening in Traumatic Brain Injury
- Evaluation
- 1 How was his dementia different from depression or delirium?
- 2 Which neurotransmitters would be affecting his dementia as evidenced by what specific behaviors?
- 3 What would be the nursing diagnoses?
- 4 What interventions would be helpful for this patient?
- Case Outcome
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 23 : Chemically Mediated Responses and Substance-Related Disorders
- Learning Objectives
- Case Background
- Case Critical Reasoning Questions
- Continuum of Chemically Mediated Responses
- Definition of Terms
- Attitudes About Substance Abuse
- Prevalence
- Excessive Alcohol Use
- Drug Abuse
- Multiple Substance Use
- Dual Diagnosis
- Substance-Related Disorders in Nurses
- Assessment
- Screening for Substance Abuse
- AUDIT-C
- Scoring
- B-DAST
- SBIRT
- Breathalyzer
- Blood and Urine Screening
- Behaviors of Abuse and Dependence
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Alcohol
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepines
- Stimulants
- Amphetamines
- Cocaine
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Opiates
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Natural opiates
- Marijuana
- Hallucinogens
- MDMA (Ecstasy)
- Phencyclidine (PCP)
- Inhalants
- Nicotine
- Caffeine
- Date Rape Drugs
- Codependence
- Dual Diagnosis
- Predisposing Factors
- Biological
- Psychological
- Sociocultural
- Precipitating Stressors
- Withdrawal
- General depressant drug withdrawal.
- Prescribed depressants and sedative-hypnotics withdrawal.
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Neurobiology
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Diagnosis
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Diagnoses
- Outcomes Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Intervening in Withdrawal
- Management of Alcohol Withdrawal
- Symptom-Triggered Regimen
- Fixed-Schedule Regimen
- Management of Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, and Other Sedative-Hypnotics Withdrawal
- Management of Opiate Withdrawal
- Management of Nicotine Withdrawal
- Nicotine gum and the nicotine patch
- Bupropion
- Varenicline
- Management of Caffeine Withdrawal
- Intervening in Toxic Psychosis
- Intervening to Maintain Abstinence
- Alcohol
- Naltrexone
- Disulfiram
- Nalmefene
- Acamprosate
- Citalopram
- Ondansetron
- Opiates
- l-α-Acetylmethadol
- Methadone
- Buprenorphine
- Cocaine
- Vaccine in development
- Effects of Drug Use During Pregnancy
- Psychological Interventions
- Motivational Approaches
- Cognitive Behavioral Strategies
- Working With Codependency
- Relapse Prevention
- Social Interventions
- Couples and Family Counseling
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Group Therapy
- Self-help groups
- Community Treatment Programs
- Employee Assistance Programs
- Working With Dually Diagnosed Patients
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Intervening With Impaired Colleagues
- Job Performance Changes
- Controlled Drug Handling and Records (Potential Drug Diversion)
- General Performance
- Behavior and Personality Changes
- Signs of Use
- Signs of Withdrawal
- Preventive Interventions
- Primary Prevention
- Secondary Prevention
- Tertiary Prevention
- Evaluation
- 1 What is the prevalence of substance abuse, and could she be at risk for suicide?
- 2 Could her sexual orientation and distancing herself from her family be stressors?
- 3 What are some of her external and internal triggers?
- 4 What model of change did she use in her substance abuse treatment?
- Case Outcome
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 24 : Eating Regulation Responses and Eating Disorders
- Learning Objectives
- Continuum of Eating Regulation Responses
- Case Background
- Case Critical Reasoning Questions
- Prevalence of Eating Disorders
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge Eating Disorder
- Night Eating Syndrome
- Assessment
- Behaviors
- Binge Eating
- Fasting or Restricting
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Purging
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Complications
- Central Nervous System
- Renal
- Hematological
- Gastrointestinal
- Metabolic
- Endocrine
- Cardiovascular
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Psychiatric Complications
- Predisposing Factors
- Biological
- Psychological
- Environmental
- Sociocultural
- Personal Factors
- Family Factors
- Peers
- Culture
- Activities
- Precipitating Stressors
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Diagnosis
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Diagnoses
- Outcomes Identification
- Planning
- Choice of Treatment Setting
- Medical
- Psychiatric
- Nurse-Patient Contract
- Implementation
- Nutritional Stabilization
- Exercise
- Cognitive Behavioral Interventions
- Cues
- Thoughts, Feelings, and Assumptions
- Eating Regulation Responses
- Consequences
- Body Image Interventions
- Family Involvement
- Group Therapies
- Medications
- Evaluation
- 1 How would you assess this woman’s illness?
- 2 What eating disorder does she have?
- 3 What predisposing factors contribute to her illness?
- 4 What nursing diagnoses would guide your interventions for this patient?
- 5 What are the health consequences and medical complications of disordered eating?
- 6 What treatment setting and interventions would you choose for this patient?
- Case Outcome
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 25 : Sexual Responses and Sexual Disorders
- Learning Objectives
- Case Background
- Case Critical Reasoning Questions
- Continuum of Sexual Responses
- Adaptive and Maladaptive Sexual Responses
- Self-Awareness of the Nurse
- Cognitive Dissonance
- Anxiety
- Anger
- Action
- Assessment
- Behaviors
- Heterosexuality
- Homosexuality
- Bisexuality
- Transvestism
- Transsexualism
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- The Sexual Response Cycle
- Stage 1: Desire
- Stage 2: Excitement
- Stage 3: Orgasm
- Stage 4: Resolution
- Predisposing Factors
- Biological Factors
- Behavioral Factors
- Precipitating Stressors
- Physical Illness and Injury
- Psychiatric Illness
- Medications
- HIV/AIDS
- The Aging Process
- Appraisal of Stressors
- Coping Resources
- Coping Mechanisms
- Diagnosis
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Medical Diagnoses
- Outcomes Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Health Education
- Sexual Responses Within the Nurse-Patient Relationship
- Sexual Responses of Nurses to Patients
- Sexual Responses of Patients to Nurses
- Maladaptive Sexual Responses
- Resulting from Illness
- Difficulties With Sexual Orientation
- Selected Nursing Diagnoses
- Difficulties With Gender Identity
- Pedophilia
- Dysfunctions of the Sexual Response Cycle
- Masters and Johnson Model
- Helen Singer Kaplan Model
- Pharmacological Treatment
- Evaluation
- 1 How has the stigma of homosexuality affected the mental health of this young man?
- 2 Why is it important for the nurse to examine one’s own beliefs about homosexuality before providing care to this patient?
- 3 Do public barriers, such as employment, exist related to sexual orientation?
- 4 How would you intervene to assist this patient to “obtain the maximum level of adaptive sexual responses to enhance or maintain health”?
- 5 What health education would you provide?
- 6 What are your nursing actions in relation to this patient’s concern about “coming out”?
- Case Outcomes
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 26 : Psychopharmacology
- LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- Role of the Nurse in Psychopharmacology
- Patient Assessment
- Prescribed and Over-the-Counter Medications
- Other Substances
- Coordination of Treatment Modalities
- Drug Administration
- Monitoring Drug Effects
- Medication Education
- Drug Maintenance Programs
- Clinical Research Drug Trials
- Prescriptive Authority
- Pharmacological Principles
- Pharmacokinetics
- Bioavailability
- Half-life
- Drug Interactions
- Pharmacodynamics
- Receptor Mechanisms
- Dose-Response Curve
- Therapeutic Index
- Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal Symptoms
- Drug Co-Administration
- Primary Medication
- Combination Drug Therapy
- Augmentation or Adjunctive Therapy
- Concurrent Pharmacology
- Polypharmacy
- Special Populations
- Youth
- Elderly Patients
- Pregnant and Lactating Women
- Cross-Cultural Perspectives, Ethnopsychopharmacology, and Gender
- Medically Ill Patients
- Biological Basis for Psychopharmacology
- Antianxiety and Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
- Benzodiazepines
- Clinical Use
- Psychological
- Physical
- Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
- Nonbenzodiazepine Antianxiety Agents
- Nonbenzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotic Agents
- Barbiturates and Older Antianxiety and Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
- Antidepressant Drugs
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
- Overview
- Symptoms Occur Within Minutes to Hours
- Treatment
- Other Antidepressant Drugs
- Tricyclic Antidepressants
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
- Foods to Be Avoided
- Foods to Be Eaten in Moderation and With Caution
- Warning Signs
- Symptoms of Hypertensive Crisis
- Treatment
- Mood-Stabilizing Drugs
- Lithium
- Mania
- Depression
- Maintenance Lithium Considerations
- Body Image
- Cardiac
- Central Nervous System
- Dermatological
- Endocrine
- Gastrointestinal
- Renal
- Lithium Toxicity/Usually Dose Related
- Common Causes for an Increase in Lithium Levels
- Ways to Maintain a Stable Lithium Level
- Anticonvulsants
- Atypical Antipsychotics
- Benzodiazepines
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Antipsychotic Drugs
- Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics
- Positive Symptoms: An Excess or Distortion of Normal Function ∗
- Atypical Antipsychotics
- Negative Symptoms: A Diminution or Loss of Normal Function †
- Mood Symptoms, Cognitive Impairment, and Difficulty with Socialization
- Atypical Antipsychotics
- Typical Antipsychotics
- Symptoms
- Treatment
- General Pharmacological Principles
- Future Developments
- New Psychopharmacological Agents
- Genomics
- Psychiatric Nursing Practice
- Documentation
- Patient Education
- Patient Assistance Programs
- Promoting Patient Adherence and Compliance
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 27 : Behavior Change and Cognitive Interventions
- Learning Objectives
- Behavior
- Behavior Change Strategies
- Readiness to Change
- Motivational Interviewing
- Motivational Interventions
- Cognitive Strategies
- Cognitive Behavioral Interventions
- Cognitive Behavioral Assessment
- Cognitive Behavioral Implementation
- Cognitive Restructuring
- Learning New Behavior
- Cognitive Restructuring
- Monitoring Thoughts and Feelings
- Questioning the Evidence
- Examining Alternatives
- Decatastrophizing
- Reframing
- Thought Stopping
- Learning New Behavior
- Behavioral Activation
- Modeling
- Shaping
- Token Economy
- Role Playing
- Social Skills Training
- Aversion Therapy
- Contingency Contracting
- Role of the Nurse
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 28 : Preventing and Managing Aggressive Behavior
- Learning Objectives
- Behavioral Responses
- Passive Behavior
- Aggressive Behavior
- Assertive Behavior
- Theories on Aggression
- Psychological
- Sociocultural
- Biological
- Predicting Aggressive Behavior
- Nursing Assessment
- Motor Agitation
- Verbalizations
- Affect
- Level of Consciousness
- Nursing Interventions
- Self-Awareness
- Patient Education
- Assertiveness Training
- Communication Strategies
- Environmental Strategies
- Room Program
- Cathartic Activities
- Behavioral Strategies
- Limit Setting
- Behavioral Contracts
- Time-Out
- Token Economy
- Psychopharmacology
- Antianxiety and Sedative-Hypnotic Medications
- Antidepressants
- Mood Stabilizers
- Antipsychotics
- Other Medications
- Crisis Management Techniques
- Team Response
- Seclusion and Restraints
- Seclusion
- Definition
- Activities
- Restraints
- Definition
- Activities
- Terminating the Intervention
- Prevention
- Lateral Violence
- Workplace Guidelines
- Staff Development
- Staff Support
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 29 : Somatic Therapies
- Learning Objectives
- Convulsive Therapies
- Indications
- Primary Use
- Secondary Use
- ECT Proved Effective
- ECT Proved Ineffective
- Mechanism of Action
- Adverse Effects
- Nursing Care
- Emotional Support and Education
- Pretreatment Nursing Care
- Nursing Care During the Procedure
- Posttreatment Nursing Care
- Interdisciplinary Collaboration
- Nursing Staff Education
- Chronotherapy
- Indications
- Mechanism of Action
- Adverse Effects
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
- Indications
- Mechanism of Action
- Adverse Effects
- Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES)
- Mechanism of Action
- Adverse Effects
- Implantable Brain Stimulation Device—Vagus Nerve Stimulation
- Indications
- Mechanism of Action
- Adverse Effects
- Deep Brain Stimulation
- Indications
- Mechanism of Action
- Adverse Effects
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 30 : Complementary and Alternative Therapies
- LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- Overview of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Evidence-Based Practice
- Ethical Issues
- Depression
- Acupuncture
- Meditation
- Yoga
- Herbal Products
- Exercise
- Massage
- Light Therapy
- Guided Imagery
- Anxiety
- Progressive Muscle Relaxation
- Energy Therapies
- Yoga and Meditation
- Acupuncture
- Herbal Products
- Substance Use Disorders
- Acupuncture
- Yoga and Meditation
- Biofeedback
- Herbal Products
- Eating Disorders
- Yoga and Meditation
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Neurofeedback
- Dementias
- Herbal Products
- Energy Therapies
- Nursing Implications
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 31 : Therapeutic Groups
- LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- Overview of Group Therapy
- Components of Small Groups
- Structure
- Size
- Length of Sessions
- Communication
- Roles
- Power
- Norms
- Cohesion
- Group Development
- Pregroup Phase
- Initial Phase
- Orientation Stage
- Conflict Stage
- Cohesive Stage
- Working Phase
- Termination Phase
- Evaluation of the Group
- Nurses as Group Leaders
- Groups with Co-Leaders
- Nurse-Led Groups
- Task Groups
- Self-Help Groups
- Educational Groups
- Supportive Therapy Groups
- Psychotherapy Groups
- Brief Therapy Groups
- Intensive Problem-Solving Groups
- Peer Support Groups
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 32 : Family Interventions
- Learning Objectives
- The Context of Family Interventions
- The Family Movement
- Cultural Competence
- Professional Training
- Framework for Family Work
- Risk Factors
- Protective Factors
- Assessment and Planning
- Family Relational Problems
- implementation
- Psychotherapy
- Outcomes identification
- Research on Family Interventions
- Youth
- Youth With Conduct Disorders
- Youth With Mood, Attention, and Behavioral Disorders
- Prevention of Youth Substance Abuse
- Prevention of Youth Suicide
- Program Description
- Program Content
- Family Psychoeducation
- Couples Therapy
- The Role of the Nurse
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 33 : Hospital-Based Psychiatric Nursing Care
- Learning Objectives
- Inpatient Psychiatric Care
- Indications for Inpatient Hospitalization
- Treatment Objectives
- State Hospitals
- Partial Hospitalization Programs
- The Role of the Nurse
- Managing the Milieu
- The Therapeutic Community
- The Therapeutic Milieu
- Containment
- Support
- Structure
- Involvement
- Validation
- Nursing Implications
- Implementing Caregiving Activities
- Patient Safety and Risk Reduction
- Meeting Physical Needs
- Patient and Family Education
- Activities, Groups, and Programs
- Medication Education Groups
- Community Resource Groups
- Nutrition Groups
- Sleep Improvement Programs
- Discharge Planning
- Integrating Care Delivery
- Teamwork and Coordinated Care
- Resource Allocation
- Professional, Regulatory, and Accreditation Standards
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 34 : Community-Based Psychiatric Nursing Care
- Learning Objectives
- Treatment Settings
- Primary Care Settings
- Emergency Department Psychiatric Care
- Employee Assistance Programs
- Home Psychiatric Care
- Cultural Competence
- Safety
- Nursing Activities
- Virtual Mental Health Care
- Models of Care
- Patient-Centered Health Care Homes
- Collaborative Care and Care Management
- Case Management
- Assertive Community Treatment
- Rehabilitative Approach to Daily Living Skills
- Family Involvement
- Work Opportunities
- Entitlements
- Health Promotion
- Medication Support
- Housing Assistance
- Financial Management
- Counseling
- Vulnerable Populations in the Community
- Deinstitutionalization
- Homeless People With Mental Illness
- Rural People With Mental Illness
- Incarcerated People With Mental Illness
- Forensic Psychiatric Nursing
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 35 : Child Psychiatric Nursing
- Learning Objectives
- Child Psychiatric Care
- Causative Factors
- Resilience
- A Framework for Nursing Practice
- Communication
- Cultural Competence
- Assessment
- Family Interview
- Interview With the Child
- Other Investigations
- Key Areas
- Ego Competency Skills
- Establishing Closeness and Trusting Relationships
- Handling Separation and Independent Decision Making
- Handling Joint Decision Making and Interpersonal Conflict.
- Dealing With Frustration and Unfavorable Events.
- Celebrating Good Feelings and Feeling Pleasure.
- Working for Delayed Gratification.
- Relaxing and Playing.
- Cognitive Processing Through Words, Symbols, and Images.
- Adaptive Sense of Direction and Purpose.
- Brain Imaging
- Diagnosis
- Psychiatric Diagnoses
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
- Depression
- Bipolar Disorder
- Anxiety Disorders
- Conduct Disorder
- Autism
- Tourette Disorder
- Nursing Diagnoses
- Risk for Self-Directed Violence
- Chronic or Situational Low Self-Esteem
- Ineffective Coping
- Anxiety
- Risk for Other-Directed Violence
- Readiness for Enhanced Family Processes
- Planning
- Settings
- Implementation
- Therapeutic Play
- Pharmacotherapy
- Expressive Therapies
- Bibliotherapy
- Games
- Storytelling
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Milieu Management
- Outcomes Evaluation
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 36 : Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing
- Learning Objectives
- Developmental Stage
- Biological View of Adolescence
- Assessing the Adolescent
- Body Image
- Identity
- Independence
- Social Role
- Sexual Behavior
- Maladaptive Responses
- Inappropriate Sexual Activity
- Teen Pregnancy
- Mood Disorders
- Depression
- Bipolar Disorder
- Suicide
- Psychological Factors
- Family and Genetic Factors
- Environmental Factors
- Biological Factors
- Previous Suicidal Behavior
- Sexual Orientation
- Self-Injury
- Conduct Disorder
- Bullying
- Violence
- Substance Use
- Weight and Body Image Problems
- Working with Adolescents
- Health Education
- Family Therapy
- Group Therapy
- Individual Therapy
- Therapeutic Alliance
- Termination
- Pharmacotherapy
- Talking With Adolescents
- Silence
- Confidentiality
- Resistance
- Arguing
- Testing
- Embarrassment About Being in Therapy
- Parents of the Adolescent
- Evaluating Nursing Care
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 37 : Geropsychiatric Nursing
- Learning Objectives
- Mental Illness in the Elderly Population
- Role of the Geropsychiatric Nurse
- Theories of Aging
- Biological Theories
- Psychological Theories
- Sociocultural Theories
- Assessment
- The Interview
- Therapeutic Communication Skills
- The Interview Setting
- Mental Status Examination
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Psychosis
- Behavioral Responses
- Functional Abilities
- Mobility
- Activities of Daily Living
- Physiological Functioning
- General Health
- Nutrition
- Substance Abuse
- Social Support
- Family-Patient Interaction
- Diagnosis
- Cognitive Responses
- Impaired Memory
- Confusion
- Paranoia
- Affective Responses
- Dysfunctional Grieving and Hopelessness
- Risk for Self-Directed Violence
- Situational Low Self-Esteem
- Somatic Responses
- Disturbed Sleep Pattern
- Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements
- Stress Responses
- Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold
- Relocation Stress Syndrome
- Risk for Caregiver Role Strain
- Behavioral Responses
- Social Isolation
- Self-Care Deficit/Behavioral Deficit
- Challenging Behaviors and Behavioral Excess
- Planning and Implementation
- Therapeutic Milieu
- Cognitive Stimulation
- Promotion of a Sense of Calm and Quiet
- Consistent Physical Layout
- Structured Routine
- Focus on Strengths and Abilities
- Minimization of Challenging Behavior
- Minimal Demands for Compliant Behavior
- Provision of Safety
- Somatic Therapies
- Electroconvulsive Therapy
- Psychotropic Medications
- Age
- Polypharmacy
- Adherence
- Co-morbidity
- Interpersonal Interventions
- Psychotherapy
- Life Review Therapy
- Cognitive Approaches
- Validation Therapy
- Stimulation Approaches
- Relaxation Therapy
- Supportive and Counseling Groups
- Patient Education
- Family Education and Support
- Evaluation
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 38 : Care of Survivors of Abuse and Violence
- Learning Objectives
- Dimensions of Family Violence
- Characteristics of Violent Families
- Multigenerational Transmission
- Social Isolation
- Use and Abuse of Power
- Definition
- Physical Abuse
- Sexual Abuse
- Emotional Abuse
- Economic Abuse
- Psychological Abuse
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse
- Nursing Attitudes Toward Survivors of Violence
- Creating Positive Attitudes
- Health Effects of Family Abuse and Violence
- Physical Health Effects
- Psychological Effects
- Behavioral Health Effects
- Preventive Nursing Interventions
- Primary Prevention
- Secondary Prevention
- Nursing History
- Primary Reason for Contact
- Information from Family Genogram
- Health History
- Sexual History
- Personal/Social History
- Psychological History
- Financial History
- Family Beliefs/Values
- Family Relations
- Physical Examination
- General Appearance
- Vital Statistics
- Skin
- Head
- Eyes
- Ears
- Mouth
- Abdomen
- Extremities
- Neurological System
- Genital/Urinary System
- Rectum
- Nursing Observations
- General Observations
- Home Environment
- Family Communication Pattern
- Emotional Climate
- Steps to Take If You Are Planning to Leave Your Situation
- Things To Take With You
- More Safety Steps After You Have Left
- Tertiary Prevention
- Special Populations
- Child Abuse
- Infant
- Preschool
- School Age
- Adolescent
- Sexual Abuse of Children and Adolescents
- Abduction of Children
- Nursing Assessment
- Nursing Interventions
- Intimate Partner Violence
- Nursing Assessment
- Nursing Interventions
- Elder Abuse
- Nursing Assessment
- Nursing Interventions
- Rape and Sexual Assault
- Definition of Sexual Assault
- Marital Rape
- Nursing Care of the Sexual Assault Survivor
- Nursing Assessment
- Nursing Interventions
- National Sexual Violence Resource Center
- National Domestic Violence Hotline
- U.S. Administration for Children and Families
- National Center on Elder Abuse
- Futures Without Violence (formerly the Family Violence Prevention Fund)
- National Center for Victims of Crime
- National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA)
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 39 : The Military and Their Families
- Learning Objectives
- Medical Disorders of Veterans
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Psychiatric Disorders of Veterans
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Pharmacological Treatment of PTSD
- Nonpharmacological Treatment of PTSD
- Suicide
- Substance Use Disorders
- Military Sexual Trauma
- Women Veterans
- Challenges to Care
- Impact on Families
- Impact on Clinicians
- Nursing Implications
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Chapter 40 : Psychological Care of Patients With a Life-Threatening Illness
- Learning Objectives
- Working With Patients and Families with Life-Threatening Diagnoses
- Time of Uncertainty
- Concerns of Patients and Family Members
- Psychosocial and Mental Health Care
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Caregiver Stress, Anger, and Sleep Deprivation
- Symptom Management and Palliative Care
- Pain
- Constipation and Diarrhea
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Hiccups and Other Troublesome Symptoms
- Transitioning to End-of-Life Care
- Advocating for the Patient
- The Changing Focus of Hope
- Decision Making and Health Care Ethics
- Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment
- Medically Ineffective Treatment
- Hospice
- Preparing for Death
- Anticipatory Grief
- The Dying Process
- Concerns of Nurses Working with Patients with Life-Threatening Illness
- Deaths of Infants and Children
- Identifying With the Patient or Family
- Medically Provided Nutrition and Hydration
- Professional Integrity
- CHAPTER IN REVIEW
- References
- Appendix A : Nanda-I Nursing Diagnoses 2012-2014
- Domain 1: Health Promotion
- Domain 2: Nutrition
- Domain 3: Elimination and Exchange
- Domain 4: Activity/Rest
- Domain 5: Perception/Cognition
- Domain 6: Self-Perception
- Domain 7: Role Relationships
- Domain 8: Sexuality
- Domain 9: Coping/Stress Tolerance
- Domain 10: Life Principles
- Domain 11: Safety/Protection 415
- Domain 12: Comfort
- Domain 13: Growth/Development
- Appendix B : DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Disorders
- DSM-IV-TR Classification
- Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence
- Mental Retardation
- Learning Disorders
- Motor Skills Disorder
- Communication Disorders
- Pervasive Developmental Disorders
- Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
- Feeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early Childhood
- Tic Disorders
- Elimination Disorders
- Other Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence
- Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders
- Delirium
- Dementia
- Amnestic Disorders
- Other Cognitive Disorders
- Mental Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition Not Elsewhere Classified
- Substance-Related Disorders
- Alcohol-Related Disorders
- Alcohol Use Disorders
- Alcohol-Induced Disorders
- Amphetamine- (or Amphetamine-like-) Related Disorders
- Amphetamine Use Disorders
- Amphetamine-Induced Disorders
- Caffeine-Related Disorders
- Caffeine-Induced Disorders
- Cannabis-Related Disorders
- Cannabis Use Disorders
- Cannabis-Induced Disorders, cont’d
- Cocaine-Related Disorders
- Cocaine Use Disorders
- Cocaine-Induced Disorders
- Hallucinogen-Related Disorders
- Hallucinogen Use Disorders
- Hallucinogen-Induced Disorders
- Inhalant-Related Disorders
- Inhalant Use Disorders
- Inhalant-Induced Disorders
- Inhalant-Related Disorders, cont’d
- Nicotine-Related Disorders
- Nicotine Use Disorder
- Nicotine-Induced Disorder
- Opioid-Related Disorders
- Opioid Use Disorders
- Opioid-Induced Disorders
- Phencyclidine-Related or Phencyclidine-like Disorders
- Phencyclidine Use Disorders
- Phencyclidine-Induced Disorders
- Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorders
- Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorders
- Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Disorders
- Polysubstance-Related Disorder
- Other (or Unknown) Substance-Related Disorders
- Other (or Unknown) Substance Use Disorders
- Other (or Unknown) Substance-Induced Disorders
- Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
- Mood Disorders
- Depressive Disorders
- Bipolar Disorders
- Anxiety Disorders
- Somatoform Disorders
- Factitious Disorders
- Dissociative Disorders
- Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders
- Sexual Dysfunctions
- Sexual Desire Disorders
- Sexual Arousal Disorders
- Orgasmic Disorders
- Sexual Pain Disorders
- Sexual Dysfunction Due to a General Medical Condition
- Paraphilias
- Gender Identity Disorders
- Eating Disorders
- Sleep Disorders
- Primary Sleep Disorders
- Dyssomnias
- Parasomnias
- Sleep Disorders Related to Another Mental Disorder
- Other Sleep Disorders
- Impulse-Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified
- Adjustment Disorders
- Personality Disorders
- Other Conditions that May Be a Focus Of Clinical Attention
- Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition
- Medication-Induced Movement Disorders
- Other Medication-Induced Disorder
- Relational Problems
- Problems Related to Abuse or Neglect
- Additional Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention
- Additional Codes
- Axis II: Personality Disorders
- Axis III: Icd-9-Cm General Medical Conditions
- Axis IV: Psychosocial And Environmental Problems
- Axis V: Global Assessment Of Functioning (Gaf) Scale ∗
- Code
- Outline for Cultural Formulation
- GENERIC-TITLE
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- X
- Y
- Z