Positive Psychology

Höfundur: William Compton (Útgáfa: 4)
Positive Psychology

Kaup valmöguleikar

Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Flourishing veitir nemendum uppfærða og nútímalega kynningu á jákvæðri sálfræði. Bókin er byggð upp eftir viðfangsefnum og höfundarnir William C. Compton og Edward Hoffman skoða hvernig jákvæð sálfræði tengist álagi og heilsu innan hefðbundinna rannsóknasviða á borð við þroskasálfræði, klíníska sálfræði, persónuleikasálfræði, hvatningarsálfræði, félagssálfræði og atferlissálfræði.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
SAGE Publications, Inc. (US)
ISBN
9781071822869
Print ISBN
9781071931073
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
4
Höfundar
William Compton
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2023-09-07
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
10
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Preface to the Fourth Edition
  • Acknowledgments
  • About the Authors
  • Chapter 1 An Introduction to Positive Psychology
  • Welcome to Positive Psychology
  • Dimensions of Positive Psychology
  • Scope of Positive Psychology
  • Basic Themes of Positive Psychology
  • The Good Life
  • Positive Emotions Are Important
  • People Can Flourish and Thrive
  • People Need Positive Social Relationships
  • Strengths and Virtues Are Important
  • Compassion and Empathy Are Important
  • Independence of Positive and Negative Emotions
  • Negative Emotions Are Still Important
  • The Science of Well-Being
  • A Short History of Well-Being in the Western World
  • Hedonism
  • The Early Hebrews
  • The Greeks
  • Socrates and Plato
  • Aristotle
  • Summary of Greek Ideas on the Good Life
  • Early Christianity and the Middle Ages
  • Moses Maimonides
  • Mysticism
  • The Renaissance to the Age of Enlightenment
  • The Rise of the Artist and the Rise of Science
  • The Rising Importance of the Social World
  • The Rise of Democracy
  • Romanticism and the 19th Century
  • Emotion and the Romantics
  • Love in the Romantic Period
  • Celebrating Childhood Experience
  • The 20th Century
  • Humanistic Psychology
  • Lessons on Well-Being From History
  • Positive Psychology Today
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • Chapter 2 Foundations: Emotion, Motivation, and the Nature of Well-Being
  • Basic Emotions
  • Components of Emotion
  • Biology of Emotions
  • The “Happy” Brain
  • Neurotransmitters, Hormones, and the Chemicals of Pleasure
  • Neuroplasticity
  • The Genetics of Emotions
  • The Happiness Set Point
  • Do Genes Rule Our Emotional Lives?
  • Cognition: How We Think Impacts How We Feel
  • Behavior: How We Act Influences How We Feel
  • Strengths, Virtues, Character, and Our Emotions
  • Social and Cultural Influences on Emotions
  • Positive Psychology and Motivation
  • Early Theories of Motivation
  • Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
  • Motivation and the Pursuit of Goals
  • Strivings and Well-Being
  • Hope Theory
  • Affective Forecasting
  • Activity Theory
  • Well-Being and Positive Emotion
  • The Broaden-and-Build Model
  • Positive Emotions as Antidotes to Stress
  • A Critical Positivity Ratio
  • Emotional Intelligence
  • Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence
  • Research Models of Happiness and Well-Being
  • Hedonic Perspectives
  • Eudaimonic Perspectives
  • The Psychologically Rich Life
  • Multidimensional Models of Well-Being
  • Self-Determination Theory (SDT)
  • Authentic Happiness and Well-Being Theory
  • Psychological Well-Being
  • The Nested Model
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • Chapter 3 Subjective Well-Being
  • Measurement of Subjective Well-Being
  • Self-Report Measures of Subjective Well-Being
  • Stability of Subjective Well-Being
  • Why Is Happiness Important?
  • Top-Down and Bottom-Up Theories
  • Top-Down Predictors of Subjective Well-Being
  • Cognition: Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty?
  • Self-Esteem
  • Optimism and Hope
  • Sense of Control and Self-Efficacy
  • A Sense of Meaning in Life
  • Decision-Making and Self-Reflection
  • Comments on the Cognitive Predictors
  • Positive Relationships With Other People
  • Personality Traits
  • Extraversion
  • Agreeableness and Conscientiousness
  • Neuroticism
  • Comments on Personality Traits and Well-Being
  • Bottom-Up Predictors of Subjective Well-Being
  • Money, Income, and Wealth
  • How Money Can Increase Subjective Well-Being
  • Gender: Are Men or Women Happier?
  • Attractiveness, Climate, and Other Predictors
  • Impact of Discrimination on Subjective Well-Being
  • Race and Subjective Well-Being
  • Sexual Minority Status, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity
  • Bottom-Up Predictors and the “Happiest Man in America”
  • Increasing Happiness and Life Satisfaction
  • Intensity and Frequency of Positive Emotion
  • Strategies for Creating a Good Mood
  • Fordyce’s Happiness Training Program
  • Comments on Fordyce’s Program
  • Sustainable Happiness
  • Barbara Fredrickson’s Positivity
  • Quality of Life Therapy
  • Making Interventions More Effective
  • Comparing Interventions: Which Ones Work Better?
  • Moderators of Effectiveness
  • Alternate Ways to Measure Happiness
  • Can you be Too Happy?
  • Cautionary Tales: The Down Side of Feeling Up
  • We Also Need Negative Emotions
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • Chapter 4 Leisure, Flow, Mindfulness, and Peak Performance
  • Leisure
  • Leisure and Well-Being
  • What Turns an Activity Into “Leisure”?
  • Flow and Optimal Experience
  • Definition of Flow
  • Characteristics of Flow
  • Contexts and Situations of Flow
  • Is Flow a State or a Trait?
  • Unique Qualities of Flow
  • Flow and Subjective Well-Being
  • Why Does Flow Increase Well-Being?
  • Measurement of Flow
  • The Dark Side of Flow
  • Absorption and Curiosity
  • Comments on the Theory of Flow
  • Mindfulness
  • Ellen Langer’s Approach to Mindfulness
  • Buddhist-Inspired Mindfulness
  • Is Mindfulness a State or a Trait?
  • Measurement of Mindfulness
  • Why Does Mindfulness Increase Well-Being?
  • Intense Mindfulness Experiences
  • Ellen Langer’s and Buddhist-Inspired Mindfulness Compared
  • Savoring
  • Peak Performance
  • Peak Performance in Sports
  • Peak Performance in Elite Athletes
  • Training for Peak Performance
  • Comments on Flow, Mindfulness, Savoring, and Peak Performance
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • Chapter 5 Romantic Love and Positive Families
  • Genes, Hormones, and Marriage
  • Evolution and Love
  • The Biochemistry of Love
  • Marriage and Subjective Well-Being
  • Marriage and Physical Health
  • The Varieties of Love
  • A Two-Factor Theory of Love
  • The Love Styles
  • Sternberg’s Love Triangle
  • Love as a Prototype or an Ideal
  • The Love Hierarchy
  • Love 2.0
  • Finding Romance and Love
  • What Attracts Us to Someone?
  • Relationship Satisfaction: What Makes Them Feel Good?
  • Personality Traits
  • Communication
  • Capitalization
  • Self-Disclosure
  • Gratitude, Empathy, and Curiosity
  • Relationship Stability: What Makes it Last?
  • What Does the Research Say About Stability?
  • Minding Relationships
  • Knowing and Being Known
  • Attribution
  • Positive Romantic Illusions: Is Love Really Blind?
  • The Michelangelo Phenomenon
  • Acceptance and Respect
  • Reciprocity
  • Balance Theory
  • Social Exchange Theory
  • Continuity
  • Relationships as a Vehicle for Personal Growth
  • Virtues and Marital Well-Being
  • Cuddling, Sex, and Tenderness
  • Positive Families
  • What Makes a Flourishing Family?
  • The Resilient Family
  • The Family Life Cycle
  • Social and Cultural Influences
  • What Hurts Relationships?
  • Conflict
  • Demand–Withdraw Pattern and Stonewalling
  • How to Nurture Positive Relationships That Last
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • Chapter 6 Positive Health
  • Wellness
  • Positive Health
  • Vitality and Positive Health
  • Exercise and Positive Health
  • Vagal Tone and Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
  • Health Psychology and PNI
  • Psychological Factors Important To Health
  • Positive Emotionality
  • Social Support
  • Social Support and the Immune System
  • Friendship and Confidant Relationships
  • Internet Use, Smartphones, Positive Relationships, and Health
  • Social Support From Pets?
  • Restorative Nature Experiences
  • Love and Positive Health
  • Touch
  • Compassion and Health
  • Altruism
  • Humor and Positive Health
  • Laugh Clubs!
  • Music and Health
  • Emotional Expression and Health
  • Writing About Our Lives
  • Crying: Tears of Hurt
  • Crying: Tears of Joy
  • Cognition and Thinking: Optimism, Hope, and Control
  • Optimism
  • Perceived Control
  • Self-Efficacy
  • Hardiness and Mindfulness
  • Hardiness
  • Mindfulness
  • Positive Aging
  • Zestful Old Age
  • Longevity
  • Positive Emotions
  • Positive Relationships
  • Competence, Optimism, and Other Positive Beliefs
  • The “Blue Zones”
  • Positive Coping
  • Definition of Positive Coping
  • Importance of Daily Hassles
  • Dimensions of Positive Coping
  • Coping Styles
  • Comments on Positive Coping and Health
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • Chapter 7 Excellence, Aesthetics, Creativity, and Genius
  • Pursuit of Excellence
  • Foundations of Excellence
  • Development of Excellence
  • The 10-Year Rule
  • Resonance
  • Passion
  • Grit 
  • Aesthetics and the Good Life
  • Why Is Aesthetics Important?
  • Attributes of the Aesthetic Experience
  • Pleasure
  • Absorption
  • Intrinsic Interest
  • Challenge
  • Spirituality
  • Music and Well-Being
  • Music and Health
  • Music and the Brain
  • Art, Theater, Dance, Crafts, Poetry, and Well-Being
  • Photography, Movies, Travel, and Well-Being
  • Finding Beauty Outside the Arts
  • Origins of the Aesthetic Sense
  • Cultural Influences on Aesthetics
  • Can Tragedy and Sadness Be Beautiful?
  • Creativity
  • Little-c and Big-C Creativity
  • Research Perspectives on Creativity
  • The Creative Person
  • The Creative Process
  • Creative Environments or Press
  • The Product Approach to Creativity
  • The Confluence Approach to Creativity
  • Left Brain/Right Brain and Creativity
  • How to Enhance the Potential for Creativity
  • Creativity and Personal Growth
  • Genius
  • Genius and “Madness”
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • Chapter 8 Well-Being Across the Life Span
  • Well-Being Over the Life Span
  • Stage Models and Well-Being
  • Generativity: Nurturing and Guiding Others
  • Life Span and Life Course Models and Well-Being
  • Positive Youth Development
  • Early and Middle Adulthood
  • Successful Aging and Aging Well
  • Different Paths to Maturity: Individual Differences in Life Span Development
  • Narrative Approaches to the Life Span: Telling Stories to Make Sense of Our Lives
  • Themes in Life Stories
  • Adjusting to Difficult Life Events
  • Resilience in Children
  • New Perspectives on Resilient Children
  • Resilience in Adulthood
  • Cultivating Resilience in Adults
  • Posttraumatic Growth
  • Sense of Coherence
  • Master Resilience Training
  • Lessons From Resilience Research
  • Accepting the Life You Lived as a Gift
  • Nostalgia
  • Regrets
  • Healthy and Adaptive Defense Mechanisms
  • Mature Defense Mechanisms
  • Predictors of Thriving From the Harvard Study
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • Chapter 9 Models of Optimal Well-Being
  • Wisdom: What did King Solomon Have?
  • Preliminary Wisdom About Wisdom
  • Wisdom and Well-Being
  • Wisdom as a Stage of Life
  • Wisdom as Postformal Cognitive Development
  • Wisdom as a Form of Excellence
  • Predictors of Wisdom
  • A Balance Theory of Wisdom
  • Wisdom as the “Master” Virtue
  • How to Cultivate Wisdom
  • Early Psychodynamic Ideas On Optimal Personality
  • Alfred Adler
  • Carl Jung
  • Erich Fromm
  • The Productive Orientation
  • Existentialism And Authenticity
  • Rollo May
  • Viktor Frankl
  • Paul Wong and Existential Positive Psychology (EPP)
  • Authenticity: Finding One’s True Self
  • Authenticity and Well-Being
  • Critiques of Authenticity
  • Humanistic Perspectives
  • Carl Rogers and the Fully Functioning Person
  • The Fully Functioning Person
  • Living as a Fully Functioning Person
  • Abraham Maslow and Self-Actualization
  • Early Studies of Self-Actualizing People
  • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Inborn Needs
  • Motivation in Self-Actualizing People
  • Personality Traits of Self-Actualizing People
  • Openness to Experience
  • Autonomy
  • Resistance to Enculturation
  • Positive Relationships With Others
  • Strong Ethical Standards
  • Research on Self-Actualization
  • How to Be More Self-Actualizing
  • Self-Actualization in the 21st Century
  • Purpose in Life, the Quiet Ego, and Personal Growth
  • Purpose in Life
  • Purpose and Well-being
  • Jack Bauer and the Quiet Ego
  • Personal Growth Initiative
  • Humanistic Psychology, Self-Actualization, and Personal Growth
  • The Optimal Personality: Common Themes
  • Marie Jahoda and Ideal Mental Health
  • Personality Traits Important for Optimal Well-Being
  • Your Inner Hero
  • The Cellist of Sarajevo
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • Chapter 10 Religion, Spirituality, and Well-Being
  • How Religion and Subjective Well-Being
  • Religion and Health
  • Prayer and Well-Being
  • Why Is Religion Related to Well-Being?
  • Provides Social Support and Belongingness
  • Supports Healthy Lifestyles
  • Promotes Personality Integration
  • Promotes Positive Emotions
  • Provides Unique Coping Strategies
  • Provides a Sense of Meaning and Purpose
  • A Sense of Meaning in Life
  • Meaning and Subjective Well-Being
  • Types of Meaning
  • Ways to Create Meaning
  • Greater Harmony, Coherence, and Congruence
  • Be of Service to Others or Dedicate Oneself to a Worthy Cause
  • Creativity
  • Live Life as Fully and Deeply as Possible
  • Suffering
  • Religious Experiences
  • The Sacred Emotions
  • Gratitude and Appreciation
  • Forgiveness
  • Forgiveness Interventions
  • Self-Forgiveness
  • Compassion and Empathy
  • Self-Compassion
  • Humility
  • Respect
  • Religious Experiences
  • Self-Transcendence
  • Elation and Awe
  • Wonder
  • Peak Experiences
  • Numinous Experiences
  • Conversion Experiences and “Awakenings”
  • Contemplative Spirituality
  • Transpersonal Psychology
  • Mysticism
  • Contemplative Religious Traditions
  • Monastic Christianity
  • Kabbalah
  • Buddhism
  • Nirvana and Enlightenment
  • Meditation in Spiritual Traditions
  • Mysticism And The Brain
  • Neurotheology
  • Entheogens and Religious Experiences
  • Psychological theories of Religious Maturity
  • Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religiousness
  • Stages of Religious Cognition
  • Psychodynamic Perspectives on Religion
  • Carl Jung on Religion and Spirituality
  • Perspectives on Morality and Ethics
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • Chapter 11 Positive Institutions and Cultural Well-Being
  • Employee Engagement and Job Satisfaction
  • A Definition of Employee Engagement
  • What Promotes Employee Engagement?
  • Positive Emotions and Work
  • More Frequent Positive Emotions or More Intense Emotions?
  • It’s Not Just a Job, It’s a Calling
  • Being in Flow at Work
  • Self-Actualizing at Work
  • A Strengths-Based Approach to Engagement
  • Myths of Career Satisfaction and Success
  • Focus on Your Strengths
  • Recognize Your Strengths
  • Development of Strengths
  • Employee Engagement: A Positive Work Environment
  • Job Characteristics and Well-Being
  • Leadership
  • Conclusions About Employee Engagement
  • Careers That Use Positive Psychology
  • Positive Clinical and Counseling Psychology
  • Therapies Based on Positive Psychology
  • Interventions and Exercises Based on Positive Psychology
  • Life Coaching
  • Positive Psychology in Schools
  • Social Entrepreneurs
  • Academic Programs in Positive Psychology
  • Positive Communities
  • Social Well-Being
  • Flourishing Communities
  • Dedication to the Common Good
  • Mentoring
  • Volunteerism
  • Social Contagion: The Power of Social Networks
  • Community Psychology
  • Empowerment
  • Community Interventions
  • Cross-Cultural Well-Being
  • The “Happiest” Countries
  • The “Happiest” States and Cities
  • Why Do Cultures Differ in Subjective Well-Being?
  • Money, Wealth, and Income
  • Freedom and Equality
  • Security, Health Care, Institutions
  • Need Fulfillment and Values
  • Cultural Conceptualization of Self
  • Cultural Conceptualization of Emotions
  • An Index for Gross National Happiness?
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • Chapter 12 A Look Toward the Future of Positive Psychology
  • How do we Recognize a Life Well Lived?
  • New Research Methods
  • Qualitative Research
  • Systems Theory
  • The Billiard Ball Model of Causality
  • Beyond the Billiard Ball
  • Personality Integration
  • Kennon Sheldon’s Systems Theory
  • Alternative Perspectives on Well-Being
  • Integrate Positive Psychology with Psychology
  • The Question of Values
  • Continuing Considerations
  • Cross-Cultural Well-Being
  • Eastern Psychology
  • Postmodern Considerations
  • Toward the Future with Optimism
  • Summary
  • Learning Tools
  • References
  • Index