Physical Oceanography and Climate

Höfundur: Kris Karnauskas (Útgáfa: 0)
Physical Oceanography and Climate

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Climate research over recent decades has shown that the interaction between the ocean and atmosphere drives the global climate system. This engaging and accessible textbook focuses on climate dynamics from the perspective of the upper ocean, and specifically on the interaction between the atmosphere and ocean. It describes the fundamental physics and dynamics governing the behavior of the ocean, and how it interacts with the atmosphere, giving rise to natural climate variability and influencing climate change.

Including end-of-chapter questions and turn-key access to online, research-quality data sets, the book allows readers the chance to apply their knowledge and work with real data. Comprehensive information is also provided on the data sets used to produce the numerous illustrations, allowing students to dive deeper into the data themselves. Providing an accessible treatment of physical oceanography, it is perfect for intermediate-advanced students wishing to gain an interdisciplinary introduction to climate science and oceanography.

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Útgefandi
Cambridge University Press
ISBN
9781108540230
Print ISBN
9781108423861
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
0
Höfundar
Kris Karnauskas
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2020-04-02
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
10
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Half title
  • Reviews
  • Title page
  • Imprints page
  • Brief Contents
  • Contents
  • Dive into the Data
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3
  • Chapter 4
  • Chapter 5
  • Chapter 6
  • Chapter 7
  • Chapter 8
  • Chapter 9
  • Preface
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 From Blue Marbles to Pale Blue Dots
  • 1.2 Climate is a Coupled System
  • 1.3 Our Common Framework
  • 1.3.1 The Budget Paradigm
  • 1.3.2 Vectors
  • 1.3.3 Partial Derivatives
  • Further Reading
  • Questions
  • 2 The Heat Budget
  • 2.1 Introduction to the Ocean Mixed Layer Heat Budget
  • 2.1.1 The Nexus of Ocean–Atmosphere Interaction
  • 2.1.2 Propelling the Global Ocean Circulation
  • 2.1.3 Diagnosing Observations and Predictions
  • 2.1.4 Structure of the Ocean Mixed Layer Heat Budget Equation
  • 2.2 Exchange of Heat with the Atmosphere
  • 2.2.1 Radiative Fluxes
  • 2.2.2 Turbulent Fluxes
  • 2.2.3 Net Surface Heat Flux
  • 2.3 Conveyance of Heat by the Ocean
  • 2.3.1 Temperature Advection
  • 2.3.2 Diffusion, Mixing, and Entrainment
  • 2.4 Putting It Together
  • 2.4.1 Synthesis of Heat Budget Terms and Processes
  • 2.4.2 A Real-World Example
  • Questions
  • 3 The Salt Budget
  • 3.1 Introduction to the Ocean Mixed Layer Salinity Budget
  • 3.1.1 A Revolution in Observing our Ocean
  • 3.1.2 Climatic Importance of Salinity
  • 3.1.3 Structure of the Ocean Mixed Layer Salinity Budget Equation
  • 3.2 Exchange of Freshwater with the Atmosphere
  • 3.3 Conveyance of Salt by the Ocean
  • Further Reading
  • Questions
  • 4 The Momentum Budget
  • 4.1 Introduction to the Ocean’s Momentum Budget
  • 4.1.1 Motivation and Linkages to Heat and Salt Budgets
  • 4.1.2 Structure of the Momentum Budget
  • 4.2 Forces and Processes Driving Ocean Currents
  • 4.2.1 Gravity and Pressure
  • 4.2.2 The Coriolis Force
  • 4.2.3 Friction and Wind Stress
  • 4.2.4 Advection of Momentum
  • 4.2.5 Putting It Together and Breaking It Down
  • 4.3 Geostrophic Currents: A Direct Application of the Momentum Budget
  • Further Reading
  • Questions
  • 5 The Atmospheric Interface
  • 5.1 Motivation and Scope of this Chapter
  • 5.2 The Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere
  • 5.3 The Global Energy Balance and Its Geographic Variation
  • 5.4 The Atmospheric General Circulation
  • 5.4.1 The Global, Zonally Symmetric Perspective
  • 5.4.2 Zonal Asymmetry and Regional Circulations
  • 5.4.3 The Global Distribution of Surface Wind and Wind Stress
  • 5.5 How the Atmosphere Responds to the Ocean
  • Further Reading
  • Questions
  • 6 Response to Wind Forcing
  • 6.1 Overview of Wind Forcing
  • 6.2 The Ocean’s Response to Steady Wind Forcing
  • 6.2.1 Ekman Dynamics
  • 6.2.2 Wind-Driven Upwelling Zones
  • 6.2.3 The Subtropical Gyres
  • 6.3 The Ocean’s Transient Response to Wind Forcing
  • 6.3.1 Inertial Oscillations
  • 6.3.2 Kelvin and Rossby Waves
  • Questions
  • 7 Coupled Climate Variability
  • 7.1 Does Natural Climate Variability Matter?
  • 7.2 A Null Hypothesis
  • 7.3 Physical Modes of Climate Variability
  • 7.3.1 An Alphabet Soup
  • 7.3.2 The Irregular Heartbeat of the Tropics
  • Act 1: Born of Kelvin Waves
  • Act 2: Growth by Bjerknes Feedback
  • Act 3: Death by Rossby Waves
  • 7.3.3 Other Modes of Tropical Ocean–Atmosphere Variability
  • 7.3.4 Beyond the Tropics
  • Further Reading
  • Questions
  • 8 Response to Buoyancy Forcing
  • 8.1 Overview of Buoyancy Forcing
  • 8.2 Mathematics of Buoyancy Forcing
  • 8.3 The Global Thermohaline Circulation
  • 8.4 Climate Variability Linked to Buoyancy Forcing
  • 8.4.1 The Paleoceanographic Perspective
  • 8.4.2 Modern Observations
  • Further Reading
  • Questions
  • 9 Climate Change and the Ocean
  • 9.1 A Primer on Anthropogenic Radiative Forcing
  • 9.2 Numerical Ocean and Climate Models
  • 9.2.1 What Is a Climate Model?
  • 9.2.2 The Structure of GCMs and Supercomputers
  • 9.2.3 Global Climate Models and Global Change Science
  • 9.2.4 Uncertainty in GCM Results
  • 9.3 Pathways of Climate Change in the Ocean
  • 9.3.1 Ocean Heat
  • 9.3.2 Ocean Volume
  • 9.3.3 Sea Ice
  • 9.3.4 Circulations and Feedbacks
  • 9.4 Closing Remarks
  • Further Reading
  • Questions
  • References
  • Index