Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge about Human Nature

Name: Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge about Human Nature
Price: 5050 ISK
Availability: InStock
Author: Randy Larsen; David Buss; John Song; Stephanie van den Berg
ISBN: 9781526850096

Höfundar: Randy Larsen; David Buss; John Song; Stephanie van den Berg (Útgáfa: 4)

Kaup valmöguleikar

Persónuleikinn mótar okkur og hefur áhrif á alla þætti lífs okkar, allt frá samskiptum við aðra til viðbragða við streituvaldandi aðstæðum. Personality Psychology byggir á sérstöku skipulagi þar sem fjallað er um sex meginþekkingarsvið persónuleikans: persónueinkenni, líffræðilega þætti, innra sálarlíf, hugsun og reynslu, félagslega og menningarlega þætti og aðlögun. Í þessari fjórðu útgáfu er aukin áhersla lögð á hagnýta nálgun, jafnframt því sem sjónum er áfram beint að vísindalegum grunni núverandi þekkingar. Nýlegar rannsóknir eru fléttaðar saman við umfjöllun um klassísk sjónarmið.

Helstu eiginleikar:

Nýjum námsmarkmiðum hefur verið bætt við í upphafi hvers kafla til að styðja við meginatriði námsins.
Inngangar að bókarhlutum hafa verið endurskoðaðir til að styrkja tengsl milli kafla og auka hagnýta beitingu kenninga. Fylgst er með skálduðum nemanda á lífsleiðinni og persónueinkenni hans rædd út frá hverju þekkingarsviðanna sex.
Kaflar hafa verið uppfærðir með hliðsjón af nýjustu þróun DSM-5 og ICD-11.
Gagnrýnum nálgunum í þróunarsálfræði persónuleikans og rannsóknum Eysenck eru gerð ítarlegri skil víða í bókinni.
Rammar um hagnýtingu sýna hvernig persónuleikakenningar og rannsóknir nýtast við raunverulegar aðstæður.
Ítarlegri umfjöllun um lykilviðfangsefni og áhrifamiklar rannsóknir eykur skilning nemenda.
Nýjar og uppfærðar æfingar hvetja til gagnrýninnar ígrundunar og þess að kenningum sé beitt á eigin reynslu.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi: McGraw-Hill UK

ISBN: 9781526850096

Print ISBN: 9781526850089

Format: ePub

Útgáfa: 4

Höfundar: Randy Larsen; David Buss; John Song; Stephanie van den Berg

Tungumál: English

Útgefið: 2025-01-13

Prent takmörkun á líftíma: 100

Prent takmörkun: 2

Afritunar takmörkun: 2

Flokkar: Sálfræði

Efnisflokkar: Sálfræði › Félagssálfræði

Kaflar

Table of Contents and Preface
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Brief Table of Contents
Detailed Table of Contents
Preface
Fourth European Edition
Important Changes to the Chapters
About the Authors
Acknowledgements
Author’s acknowledgements
Publisher’s acknowledgements
Guided tour
Transform learning with Connect®
The Three Pillars of Connect®
Connect® for Psychology
Application-Based Activities (ABAs)
Interactivities
Videos and Concept Clips
Critical Thinking Assignment
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Psychology
Introduction
Personality Defined
Personality Is the Set of Psychological Traits …
and Mechanisms …
within the Individual …
that Are Organized and Relatively Enduring …
and That Influence …
their Interactions With …
and Adaptations to …
the Environment
Three Levels of Personality Analysis
Human Nature
Individual and Group Differences
Individual Uniqueness
Then and Now
Grand Theories of Personality
Contemporary Research in Personality
Six Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature
Dispositional Domain
Biological Domain
Intrapsychic Domain
Cognitive-Experiential Domain
Social and Cultural Domain
Adjustment Domain
The Role of Personality Theory
Standards for Evaluating Personality Theories
Is There a Grand Ultimate and True Theory of Personality?
Key Terms
Chapter 2: Personality Assessment, Measurement and Research Design
Introduction
Sources of Personality Data
Self-report Data (S-Data)
Who am I?
Observer-report Data (O-Data)
Test Data (T-Data)
Life-outcome Data (L-Data)
Issues in Personality Assessment
Evaluation of Personality Measures
Reliability
Response Sets
Validity
Generalizability
Development of Measurement Instruments
Scale Development
Scale Diagnostics
Research Designs in Personality
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
When to Use Experimental, Correlational and Case Study Designs
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 3: Traits and Trait Taxonomies
Part 1: The Dispositional Domain
Introduction
What Is a Trait? Two Basic Formulations
Traits as Internal Causal Properties
Traits as Purely Descriptive Summaries
Personality Coherence
Traits Versus States
Persons, Behaviours and Situations
The Act Frequency Formulation of Traits – An Illustration of the Descriptive Summary Formulation
Act Frequency Research Programme
Evaluation of the Act Frequency Formulation
Identification of the Most Important Traits
Lexical Approach
Statistical Approach
Theoretical Approach
Evaluating the Approaches for Identifying Important Traits
Taxonomies of Personality
Eysenck’s Hierarchical Model of Personality
Cattell’s Taxonomy: The 16 Personality Factor System
Circumplex Taxonomies of Personality
Five-factor Model
From Big Five to Big Six? The HEXACO Model
Alternative Approaches to the Big Five
It Takes Two? The Big Two Metatraits
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 4: Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology
Introduction
Theoretical Issues
Meaningful Differences Between Individuals
Consistency Over Time
Consistency Across Situations
Person–Situation Interaction
The Importance of Situations
Measurement Issues
Carelessness
Defensiveness
Faking on Questionnaires
Beware of Barnum Statements in Personality Test Interpretations
Personality and Selection
Personnel Selection: Choosing the Right Person for the Job
Selection in Business Settings: The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
Selection in Business Settings: The Hogan Personality Inventory
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 5: Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability and Change
Introduction
Conceptual Issues: Personality Development, Stability and Change
What Is Personality Development?
Rank Order Stability
Mean Level Stability
Personality Change
Personality Stability Over Time
Stability of Temperament During Infancy
Stability During Childhood
Rank Order Stability in Adulthood
Mean Level Stability in Adulthood
Personality Change
Changes in Self-esteem from Adolescence to Adulthood
Sensation Seeking
Independence, Traditional Roles and Employability
Personality Changes Across Cohorts: Assertiveness and Narcissism
Predicting Personality Change
Between Stability and Change: Personality Fluctuation
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 6: Genetics and Personality
Part 2: The Biological Domain
Introduction
The Human Genome
Controversy About Genes and Personality
Goals of Behavioural Genetics
What Is Heritability?
Misconceptions About Heritability
The Nature–Nurture Debate Clarified
Quantitative Genetic Methods
Selective Breeding: Studies of Humans’ Best Friend
Family Studies
Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
Major Findings from Quantitative Genetic Research
Personality Traits
Attitudes and Preferences
Drinking and Smoking
Marriage
Molecular Genetic Methods and Results
Shared Versus Non-shared Environmental Influences: A Riddle
Genes and the Environment
Genotype–Environment Interaction
Genotype–Environment Correlation
Environmental Modulation of Gene Expression
Behavioural Genetics, Science, Politics and Values
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 7: Physiological Approaches to Personality
Introduction
A Physiological Approach to Personality
Physiological Measures Commonly Used in Personality Research
Electrodermal Activity (Skin Conductance)
Cardiovascular Activity
Brain Activity
Other Measures
Physiologically Based Theories of Personality
Extraversion–Introversion
Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment
Sensation Seeking
Neurotransmitters and Personality
Morningness–Eveningness
Brain Asymmetry and Affective Style
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 8: Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality
Introduction
Evolution and Natural Selection
Natural Selection
Sexual Selection
Genes and Inclusive Fitness
Products of the Evolutionary Process
Evolutionary Psychology
Premises of Evolutionary Psychology
Empirical Testing of Evolutionary Hypotheses
Human Nature
Need to Belong
Helping and Altruism
Universal Emotions
Sex Differences
Sex Differences in Desire for Sexual Variety
Sex Differences in Mate Preferences
Individual Differences
Environmental Triggers of Individual Differences
Heritable Individual Differences Contingent on Other Traits
Frequency-dependent Strategic Individual Differences
The Big Five, Motivation and Evolutionarily Relevant Adaptive Problems
Limitations of Evolutionary Psychology
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 9: Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality
Part 3: The Intrapsychic Domain
Introduction
Sigmund Freud: A Brief Biography
Fundamental Assumptions of Psychoanalytic Theory
Basic Instincts: Sex and Aggression
Unconscious Motivation: Sometimes We Don’t Know Why We Do What We Do
Psychic Determinism: Nothing Happens by Chance
Structure of Personality
Id, Ego and Superego
Interaction of the Id, Ego and Superego
Dynamics of Personality
Types of Anxiety
Defence Mechanisms
Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development
Personality and Psychoanalysis
Techniques for Revealing the Unconscious
The Process of Psychoanalysis
Why Is Psychoanalysis Important?
Psychoanalytic Research
Evaluation of Psychoanalysis and Freud’s Contributions
Beyond Classical Psychoanalysis
Contemporary Views on the Unconscious
Ego Psychology
Object Relations Theory
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 10: Motives and Personality
Introduction
Basic Concepts
Need
Press
Apperception and the TAT
Self-Determination Theory
Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness
The Big Three Motives: Achievement, Power and Intimacy
Need for Achievement
Need for Power
Need for Intimacy
Humanistic Tradition: The Motive to Self-actualize
Maslow’s Contributions
Rogers’ Contributions
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 11: Cognitive Topics in Personality
Part 4: The Cognitive/Experiential Domain
Introduction
Personality Revealed Through Perception
Field Dependence
Pain Tolerance and Sensation Reducing/Augmenting
Personality Revealed Through Interpretation
Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory
Locus of Control
Beck’s Schema Theory and the S-REF Model
Personality Revealed Through Goals
Personal Projects Analysis
Social Cognition
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 12: Intelligence
Introduction
Why Does Intelligence Matter?
Defining Intelligence
Implicit Theories of Intelligence
Approaches to and History of Intelligence
Psychometric Approaches to Intelligence
Cognitive-Experimental Approaches to Intelligence
Biological Approaches to Intelligence
Intelligence Tests
The Stanford–Binet Test and the Wechsler Scales
General Intelligence Test: Raven’s Progressive Matrices
Modern Intelligence Tests
Other Approaches to Intelligence Tests
Genetics, Environment and Race Issues in Intelligence
Genetics
Environment
Race
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 13: Emotions, Well-being and Personality
Introduction
Basic Aspects of Emotions
Issues in Emotion Research
Emotional States Versus Emotional Traits
Categorical Versus Dimensional Approach to Emotion
Content Versus Style of Emotional Life and Happiness
Content of Emotional Life
Style of Emotional Life
Interaction of Content and Style in Emotional Life
Personality and Well-being
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 14: Approaches to the Self
Introduction
Descriptive Component of the Self: Self-concept
Development of the Self-concept
Self-schemata: Possible Selves, Ought Selves and Bodily Selves
Evaluative Component of the Self: Self-esteem
Evaluation of Oneself
Research on Self-esteem
Social Component of the Self: Social Identity
The Nature of Identity
Identity Crises
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 15: Personality and Social Interaction
Part 5: The Social and Cultural Domain
Introduction
Selection
Personality Characteristics Desired in a Long-term Romantic Partner
Assortative Mating for Personality: The Search for the Similar
Do People Get the Mates They Want? And Are They Happy?
Personality and the Selective Break-up of Couples
Shyness and the Selection of Social Situations
Other Personality Traits and the Selection of Situations
Evocation
Aggression and the Evocation of Hostility
Evocation of Anger and Upset in Partners
Evocation Through Expectancy Confirmation
Evocation in the Digital Era: Personality Expressed Using Facebook and Other Social Media
Manipulation: Social Influence Tactics
A Taxonomy of Eleven Tactics of Manipulation
Sex Differences in Tactics of Manipulation
Personality Predictors of Tactics of Manipulation
Panning Back: An Overview of Personality and Social Interaction
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 16: Sex, Gender and Personality
Introduction
The Science and Politics of Studying Sex and Gender
History of the Study of Sex Differences
Calculation of Effect Size: How Large Are the Sex Differences?
Minimalists and Maximalists
Theories of Sex Differences
Socialization and Social Roles
Hormonal Theories
Evolutionary Psychology Theory
An Integrated Theoretical Perspective
Sex Differences in Personality
Temperament in Children
Five-factor Model
Basic Emotions: Frequency and Intensity
Other Dimensions of Personality
Masculinity, Femininity, Androgyny and Sex Roles
The Search for Androgyny
Gender Stereotypes
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 17: Culture and Personality
Introduction
Cultural Violations: An Illustration
What Is Cultural Personality Psychology?
Three Major Approaches to Culture
Evoked Culture
Transmitted Culture
Cultural Universals
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 18: Stress, Coping, Adjustment and Health
Part 6: The Adjustment Domain
Introduction
Models of the Personality–Illness Connection
The Concept of Stress
Stress Response
Major Life Events
Daily Hassles
Varieties of Stress
Primary and Secondary Appraisal
Coping Strategies and Styles
Attributional Style
Optimism and Physical Well-being
Management of Emotions
Disclosure
Personality and Health
Personality Change Due to Illness
Neurotic Cascade
Health and Longevity
Personality Treatment
The Healthy Personality
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Introduction
The Building Blocks of Personality Disorders
The Concept of Disorder
What Is Abnormal?
What Is a Personality Disorder?
Specific Personality Disorders
The Eccentric Cluster: Ways of Being Different
The Dramatic or Emotional Cluster: Ways of Being Unpredictable, Violent or Emotional
The Anxious Cluster: Ways of Being Nervous, Fearful or Distressed
Prevalence of Personality Disorders
Gender Differences in Personality Disorders
DSM-5: Hybrid Model of Personality Disorders
Dimensions and Categories
Maladaptive Schema Therapy
Causes of Personality Disorders
Summary and Evaluation
Key Terms
Chapter 20: Summary and Future Directions
Introduction
Current Status of the Field
Domains of Knowledge: Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going
Dispositional Domain
Biological Domain
Intrapsychic Domain
Cognitive/Experiential Domain
Social and Cultural Domain
Adjustment Domain
Integration: Personality in the Twenty-first Century
Glossary
Glossary
A
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References
References
Index
Name Index
A
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K
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Subject Index
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