Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary
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Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary, Third Edition, provides a thorough overview of the methods of paleoclimatic reconstruction and of the historical changes in climate during the past three million years. This thoroughly updated and revised edition systematically examines each type of proxy and elucidates the major attributes and the limitations of each. Paleoclimatology, Third Edition provides necessary context for those interested in understanding climate changes at present and how current trends in climate compare with changes that have occurred in the past.
The text is richly illustrated and includes an extensive bibliography for further research. A comprehensive overview of the methods of paleoclimate reconstruction, and the record of past changes in climate during the last ~3 million yearsAddresses all the techniques used in paleoclimatic reconstruction from climate proxiesWith full-color throughout, and thoroughly revised chapters on dating methods, climate forcing, ice cores, marine sediments, pollen analysis, dendroclimatology, and historical recordsIncludes new chapters on speleothems, loess, and lake sedimentsMore than 1,000 new references and 190 new figures Essential reading for those interested in how present trends in climate compare with changes that have occurred in the past.
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- Elsevier S & T
- 9780123869951
- 9780123869135
- ePub
- 3
- Bradley, Raymond S.
- English
- 12/2013
- 10
Kaflar
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Front Cover Photograph
- Holocene Rock Art from the Northwestern Flanks of the Ennedi Highlands, Eastern Sahara, Chad
- References
- Foreword
- Preface to the Third Edition
- Chapter 1. Paleoclimatic Reconstruction
- Abstract
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Sources of Paleoclimatic Information
- 1.3 Levels of Paleoclimatic Analysis
- 1.4 Modeling in Paleoclimatic Research
- References
- Chapter 2. Climate and Climatic Variation
- Abstract
- 2.1 The Nature of Climate and Climatic Variation
- 2.2 The Climate System
- 2.3 Feedback Mechanisms
- 2.4 Energy Balance of the Earth and Its Atmosphere
- 2.5 Timescales of Climatic Variation
- 2.6 Variations of the Earth’s Orbital Parameters
- 2.7 Solar Forcing
- 2.8 Volcanic Forcing
- References
- Chapter 3. Dating Methods I
- Abstract
- 3.1 Introduction and Overview
- 3.2 Radioisotopic Methods
- References
- Chapter 4. Dating Methods II
- Abstract
- 4.1 Paleomagnetism
- 4.2 Dating Methods Involving Chemical Changes
- 4.3 Tephrochronology
- 4.4 Biological Dating Methods
- References
- Chapter 5. Ice Cores
- Abstract
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Stable Isotope Analysis
- 5.3 Dating Ice Cores
- 5.4 Paleoclimatic Reconstruction from Ice Cores
- References
- Chapter 6. Marine Sediments
- Abstract
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Paleoclimatic Information from Biological Material in Ocean Cores
- 6.3 Oxygen Isotope Studies of Calcareous Marine Fauna
- 6.4 Paleotemperatures from Relative Abundance Studies
- 6.5 Paleotemperature Reconstruction from Sediment Geochemistry
- 6.6 Oceanographic Conditions at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)
- 6.7 Paleoclimatic Information from Inorganic Material in Marine Sediments
- 6.8 Thermohaline Circulation of the Oceans
- 6.9 Changes in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: The Role of the Oceans
- 6.10 Abrupt Climate Changes
- References
- Chapter 7. Loess
- Abstract
- 7.1 Chronology of Loess-Paleosol Sequences
- 7.2 Paleoclimatic Significance of Loess-Paleosol Sequences
- References
- Chapter 8. Speleothems
- Abstract
- 8.1 Isotopic Variations in Speleothems
- 8.2 Tropical and Subtropical Paleoclimate Variability from Speleothems
- 8.3 Speleothems and Glacial Terminations
- 8.4 Millennial to Centennial Scale Changes
- 8.5 Late Glacial and Holocene Records
- 8.6 Stalagmite Records of the Last Two Millennia
- 8.7 Paleoclimatic Information from Periods of Speleothem Growth
- 8.8 Speleothems as Indicators of Sea-Level Variations
- References
- Chapter 9. Lake Sediments
- Abstract
- 9.1 Sedimentology and Inorganic Geochemistry
- 9.2 Varves
- 9.3 Pollen, Macrofossils, and Phytoliths
- 9.4 Ostracods
- 9.5 Diatoms
- 9.6 Stable Isotopes
- 9.7 Organic Biomarkers
- References
- Chapter 10. Nonmarine Geologic Evidence
- Abstract
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Periglacial Features
- 10.3 Snowlines and Glaciation Thresholds
- 10.4 Mountain Glacier Fluctuations
- 10.5 Lake-level Fluctuations
- References
- Chapter 11. Insects and Other Biological Evidence from Continental Regions
- Abstract
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Insects
- 11.3 Former Vegetation Distribution from Plant Macrofossils
- 11.4 Peat
- References
- Chapter 12. Pollen
- Abstract
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 The Basis of Pollen Analysis
- 12.3 Pollen Rain as a Representation of Vegetation Composition and Climate
- 12.4 Quantitative Paleoclimatic Reconstructions Based on Pollen Analysis
- 12.5 Paleoclimatic Reconstruction from Long Quaternary Pollen Records
- References
- Chapter 13. Tree Rings
- Abstract
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Fundamentals of Dendroclimatology
- 13.3 Dendroclimatic Reconstructions
- 13.4 Isotopic Dendroclimatology
- References
- Chapter 14. Corals
- Abstract
- 14.1 Coral Records of Past Climate
- 14.2 Paleoclimate from Coral Growth Rates
- 14.3 Luminescence in Corals
- 14.4 δ18O in Corals
- 14.5 δ13C in Corals
- 14.6 Δ14C in Corals
- 14.7 Trace Elements in Corals
- 14.8 Fossil Coral Records
- References
- Chapter 15. Historical Documents
- Abstract
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Historical Records and Their Interpretation
- 15.3 Regional Studies Based on Historical Records
- 15.4 Records of Climate Forcing Factors
- 15.5 Climate Paradigms for the Last Millennium
- References
- Appendix A. Further Considerations on Radiocarbon Dating
- A.1 Calculation of Radiocarbon Age and Standardization Procedure
- A.2 Fractionation Effects
- References
- Appendix B. Internet Resources in Paleoclimatology
- References
- Index