Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties
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For over thirty-five years, the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties has been the must-have reference guide to each of the core specialties, supporting readers through medical school and Foundation Programme rotations with its unique mix of rigorously updated clinical content and reassuring and friendly advice. Now in its twelfth edition, the Handbook continues to be uniquely accessible and engaging, drawing on the expertise of an updated author team comprising specialty experts and resident doctors, to provide a breadth of knowledge and experience, and the most up-to-date clinical guidance.
The Handbook features many high-quality illustrations, boxes, tables, and classifications, as well as patient testimonials to aid understanding and offer insight into holistic care, and mnemonics to help you memorize and retain key facts. Ideal for both study and revision and use at direct point of care, the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties remains the perfect companion to the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine and an indispensable guide for students and resident doctors alike.
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- Oxford University Press Academic UK
- 9780192888532
- 9780192888525
- ePub
- 12
- Baldwin, Andrew
- English
- 2026-06-14
- 100
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Drugs
- Contents
- Preface to 12th edition
- Preface to 1st edition
- Contributors
- Dedication
- Acknowledgements
- Symbols and abbreviations
- 1 Obstetrics*
- Obstetric history
- Abdominal examination
- Physiological changes in pregnancy
- General pre-pregnancy counselling
- The placenta
- Plasma chemistry in pregnancy
- Antenatal care
- Structural abnormalities and ultrasound
- Ultrasound images
- Screening and diagnosis of aneuploidy
- Minor symptoms of pregnancy
- Hyperemesis gravidarum
- Sickle-cell disease in pregnancy
- Cardiac disease in pregnancy
- Drugs used in psychiatry and epilepsy
- Anaemia in pregnancy
- HIV in pregnancy and labour
- Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy
- Thyroid disease in pregnancy
- Jaundice in pregnancy
- Malaria in pregnancy
- Renal disease in pregnancy
- Epilepsy in pregnancy
- Respiratory disease in pregnancy
- Connective tissue diseases in pregnancy
- Hypertension in pregnancy
- Thromboprophylaxis
- Thrombophilia in pregnancy
- Venous thromboembolism
- Ante/perinatal infection 1
- Ante/perinatal infection 2
- Group b Streptococcus (gbs)
- Abdominal pain in pregnancy
- Pelvis and head
- Fetal monitoring in labour 1
- Terms used to describe the ctg
- Fetal monitoring in labour 2
- Pre-eclampsia
- Prematurity
- Small for gestational age (sga)
- Postmaturity (prolonged pregnancy)
- Prelabour rupture of membranes at term
- Normal labour
- Induction of labour
- Management of delay in labour
- Home birth
- Pain relief in labour
- Multiple pregnancy
- Breech presentation
- Other malpresentations/malpositions
- Meconium-stained liquor
- Reduced fetal movements
- Retained placenta
- Operative vaginal delivery 1
- Operative vaginal delivery 2
- Caesarean section (cs)
- Stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death, iud)
- Placenta praevia, accreta, and increta
- Birth injuries
- Episiotomy and tears
- The puerperium
- Sepsis in pregnancy and the puerperium
- Eclampsia
- hellp syndrome
- Maternal collapse
- Antepartum haemorrhage (aph)
- Cord prolapse
- Shoulder dystocia
- Uterine rupture
- Mendelson syndrome
- Postpartum haemorrhage (pph)
- Uterine inversion
- dic and coagulation defects
- Amniotic fluid embolism
- Maternal mortality
- Perinatal mortality
- 2 Gynaecology*
- History and examination
- Sexual health and sexual dysfunction
- Gynaecological anatomy
- Genital abnormalities
- Female genital mutilation
- Normal menstruation
- Defining menstrual abnormalities
- Onset of menstruation: menarche & amenorrhoea
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos)
- Menorrhagia
- Premenstrual syndrome (pms)
- The menopause and hrt
- Termination of pregnancy (top)
- Miscarriage
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Pregnancy of unknown location (pul)
- Gestational trophoblastic disease (gtd)
- The vulva
- Vaginal discharge
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- The uterus
- Fibroids (uterine leiomyomata)
- Endometriosis
- Subfertility: causes and tests
- Subfertility: management
- Male subfertility
- Normal semen analysis (who criteria 2009)
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- Contraception
- The intrauterine contraceptive device (iucd)
- Emergency contraception
- Combined hormonal contraceptives 1
- Combined hormonal contraceptives 2
- Progestogen-only contraceptives
- Sterilization
- Urinary incontinence
- Prolapse
- Vulval lumps, ulcers, and carcinoma
- The cervix and cervical screening
- Management of cin
- Cervical cancer
- Vaginal cancer
- Endometrial cancer
- Endometrial sampling in outpatients
- Benign ovarian tumours
- Ovarian cancer
- Gynaecological surgery
- 3 Paediatrics
- European paediatric basic life support
- Paediatric basic life support algorithm (2025)
- European paediatric advanced life support
- Paediatric advanced life support algorithm (2025)
- apls procedures: intraosseous transfusion
- Anaphylaxis
- Newborn life support (nls) 1
- Newborn life support algorithm (2025)
- Newborn life support (nls) 2
- Eliciting the history
- Physical examination
- The ill and feverish child
- Signposting common problems
- Non-accidental injury (nai)
- Encephalitis
- Meningitis
- Assessing consciousness in children
- Raised intracranial pressure (icp)
- Meningococcal disease
- Meningitis: the organisms
- Measles, rubella, mumps, and erythroviruses
- Varicella (herpes) zoster virus (vzv)
- hiv infection
- Stridor and upper respiratory infection
- Lower respiratory infection (lrti)
- Asthma in children >2yrs old
- Treating severe acute asthma
- Cystic fibrosis
- Abdominal pain
- Abdominal distension
- Coeliac disease: an example of malabsorption
- Diarrhoea
- Malnutrition
- Some acute surgical problems
- gi malformations
- Urinary tract infection (uti)
- Nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis
- Genitourinary diseases
- Acute kidney injury and renal disease
- Epilepsy and febrile convulsions nice cg 217
- Epilepsy: management
- Headache
- cns tumours
- Congenital heart disease (chd)
- Murmurs and heart sounds in children
- Anaemia
- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all)
- Primary immunodeficiencies
- Diabetes mellitus (dm)
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (dka)
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Inherited metabolic diseases
- Puberty
- Screening and child health promotion
- Speech delay
- Developmental milestones & screening
- Motor delay and cerebral palsy
- Faltering growth and short stature
- Ethnospecific growth charts
- Childhood obesity
- Hypertension in children
- Problems with feeding and toileting
- Impairment and disability
- Genetic testing
- Trisomy 21
- Genetic diseases and counselling
- Poisoning: general points
- Iron poisoning
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning
- Salicylate poisoning
- The sick neonate
- Routine examination of the newborn
- Minor neonatal problems
- Other neonatal problems
- Enteral and parenteral nutrition
- Daily water and electrolyte requirements
- Learning to breastfeed
- Breastfeeding and social/biological influences
- Bottle feeding and weaning
- Common symptoms in infancy
- Neonatal jaundice
- Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
- Preterm and small-for-dates babies
- Orofacial clefts (cleft lip and palate)
- Other head & neck malformations
- Disorders of sex development (dsd)
- Respiratory distress syndrome (rds)
- The neonatal intensive care unit (nicu)
- Respiratory support for neonates
- Sudden unexplained infant death (suid/sids)
- Fluid regimens and dehydration
- Paediatric reference intervals (Labs vary; consult your own.)
- uk-who growth charts
- 4 Ophthalmology*
- Understanding the eye
- Ophthalmic glossary
- Assessing the eyes—history
- Assessing the eyes—function
- Assessing the eyes—examination
- Some key things to remember
- Iris abnormalities
- The red eye: an approach
- The red eye: acute primary angle closure
- The red eye: anterior uveitis
- The red eye: episcleritis and scleritis
- The red eye: corneal ulcers and others
- Ophthalmic shingles
- The red eye: conjunctivitis
- Allergic eye disease
- Eyelids and around the eye
- Tears and lacrimation
- Blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm
- Orbital swelling
- Retinoblastoma
- Sudden loss of vision 1
- Sudden loss of vision 2
- Gradual loss of vision
- Glaucoma
- Cataract
- Macular degeneration
- Other retinal disorders
- ‘Flashes and floaters’: retinal detachment and others
- Optic disc swelling and other disc abnormalities
- Is the optic disc swollen?
- Visual field defects
- Eye movements and strabismus (‘squint’)
- Pupil problems
- The eye in systemic disease
- Ocular disease in pregnancy
- The eye in diabetes mellitus (dm)
- Drugs and the eye
- Tropical eye disease
- Refraction
- Contact lenses
- Refractive procedures
- Blindness and partial sight
- Looking into the future
- 5 Ear, nose, and throat
- ent examination
- The ear
- Hearing tests and audiology
- Painful ears (otalgia)
- Discharging ears and otitis media
- Fluid in the middle ear
- Childhood deafness
- Deafness in adults
- Managing sudden sensorineural deafness
- Tinnitus
- Acoustic neuroma
- Noise-induced hearing loss (nihl)
- Vertigo and associated disorders
- The paranasal sinuses 1
- The paranasal sinuses 2
- Nasal injury and foreign bodies
- Nosebleed (epistaxis): the chief ent emergency
- Sore throats, the tonsils, and beyond
- Stridor
- Acute airway obstruction: management in adults
- Hoarseness (dysphonia)
- Dysphagia
- Head & neck squamous cell carcinomas (hnscc)
- Facial palsy
- Lumps in the neck
- The salivary glands
- Dentistry for doctors
- 6 Dermatology*
- Dermatology basics
- Describing a lesion
- Patterns of skin disease
- Skin signs of systemic disease
- Common skin cancers & premalignant tumours
- Other malignancies and the skin
- Malignant melanoma
- Psoriasis
- Eczema (atopic dermatitis)
- Skin infections
- Acne vulgaris
- Rosacea
- Drug eruptions
- Miscellaneous skin disorders
- Photosensitivity
- Urticaria
- Venous ulcers
- Pressure ulcers
- hiv and skin disorders
- Infestations
- The skin, identity, and psychodermatoses
- Skin type
- 7 Orthopaedics*
- Principles of history and examination
- The neck
- Other neck pathologies
- The shoulder
- The painful shoulder
- The elbow
- The wrist and hand
- Examination of the back
- Kyphosis and scoliosis
- More causes of back pain
- Simple lower back pain
- Specific and sometimes sinister back pain
- Hip history and examination
- Special hip examination tests
- Painful hips in children
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip (ddh)
- Club foot (talipes equinovarus)
- Knee history and examination
- Pain in the knee
- Knees that swell
- Feet
- Osteomyelitis
- Bone tumours: malignant
- Bone tumours: benign
- Congenital disorders of bone and cartilage
- Osteochondroses
- Joint replacement (arthroplasty)
- Joint aspiration and injections
- Joint injections
- Tendon rupture and injury
- Soft tissue and sports injuries
- 8 Trauma*
- Describing an x-ray
- Do they need an x-ray?
- Do they need a ct?
- Fractures
- Management of fractures
- Complications from fractures
- Complex regional pain syndromes (crps)
- Trauma to the arm and shoulder
- Trauma to the elbow and forearm
- Distal radial and ulnar fractures
- Hand fractures
- Injuries to the hand
- Proximal femoral fractures
- Hip fractures in the elderly
- Injuries to the knee
- Ankle and foot strains, and fractures
- Facial and neck injuries: assessment
- Facial and neck injuries: common presentations
- Eye trauma
- Testing peripheral nerve motor functions
- Dermatomes and peripheral nerves
- Injury to peripheral nerves
- Nerve compression syndromes
- Injuries to the brachial plexus
- Spinal cord injury—the first day
- Cord pathology and anatomy
- Cord injury—function and functional anatomy
- Living with spinal cord injury
- Cord injury—ot, physio, and nursing aspects
- 9 Emergency medicine*
- Working as an emergency doctor
- Introduction to emergency medicine
- Teams in the emergency department (ed)
- The emergency department
- Triage
- Crowding and exit block
- Clinical decision-making
- Meeting patient expectations
- Patient assessment in the ed
- Advanced life support (adult)
- Advanced life support fundamentals
- Pain
- Procedural sedation
- Shock
- The unwell child
- Major trauma: overview
- Receiving the major trauma patient
- The lethal triad
- Traumatic brain injury
- Specific aspects of managing head injury
- Thoracic trauma
- Abdominal trauma
- Pelvic trauma
- Major burns
- Environmental emergencies
- Emergency toxicology
- Sepsis
- Transient loss of consciousness
- Stroke in the ed
- Acute severe headache
- Chest pain
- Acute shortness of breath
- Abdominal pain
- Atraumatic back pain
- Extremity problems in the ed
- Common upper limb injuries
- Common lower limb injuries
- Bites and stings
- Foreign body ingestion
- Wound care
- Other ‘minor’ problems
- Tying it all together
- 10 Pre-hospital emergency medicine*
- Pre-hospital emergency medicine (phem)
- Activation of the emergency services
- Major trauma networks in the uk
- Assessment on arrival at the scene
- Hazards to consider
- Triage
- Initial patient assessment
- Shock
- The entrapped patient
- Handover
- Pre-hospital analgesia
- Physical techniques
- Head injuries
- Spinal injuries
- Chest injuries
- Pre-hospital care of special interest groups
- Pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia (phea)
- Traumatic cardiac arrest: ‘hot and go’
- The major incident
- Retrieval and transfer medicine
- Equipment and monitoring
- Human factors and non-technical skills
- The last word—towards lasting resilience
- 11 Anaesthesia*
- Introduction
- Perioperative risk stratification
- Preoperative assessment
- Sedation
- Induction of anaesthesia
- Inhalational ‘gas’ induction
- Inhalational anaesthetic agents
- Intravenous ‘iv’ induction
- Intravenous (iv) anaesthetic agents
- Muscle relaxants: neuromuscular blockers
- Some common emergency drugs
- Practical conduct of anaesthesia
- Maintaining and monitoring
- Difficult Airway Society (das) guidelines
- Rapid sequence induction (rsi)
- Aspiration
- Intubation
- Some complications of anaesthesia
- End of anaesthesia and recovery
- Postoperative pain
- Postoperative nausea and vomiting (ponv)
- Regional anaesthesia (ra): peripheral nerve blocks
- Regional anaesthesia: neuraxial anaesthesia
- 12 Psychiatry*
- First principles
- Psychiatric skills: an introduction
- Psychiatric history
- Mental state examination
- Risk assessment
- Confidentiality
- Physical examination
- Descriptive psychopathology 1
- Descriptive psychopathology 2
- Descriptive psychopathology 3
- Classification of disorders
- Community care
- Schizophrenia: clinical features and diagnosis
- Schizophrenia: pharmacological treatment
- Psychosocial interventions
- Common side effects of antipsychotic medication
- Depression: diagnosis
- Depression: management
- Depression: which antidepressant?
- Bipolar affective disorder 1
- Bipolar affective disorder 2
- Anxiety
- Anxiety: ocd and phobic disorders
- Stress-related disorders
- Dissociative disorders
- Withdrawing medication
- Gender incongruence
- Suicide and self-harm
- Self-harm
- Self-harm and suicidality assessment
- Crisis intervention
- Urgent psychiatric situations
- Medically unexplained symptoms
- Delirium
- Dementia
- Child and adolescent psychiatry: general
- Child and adolescent psychiatry: psychosis
- Behavioural difficulties in young people
- Autism spectrum disorders (asd)
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd)
- Disorders of intellectual development
- Personality disorders
- Eating disorders—assessment
- Eating disorders—treatment
- Psychosexual disorders
- Talking about sex
- Perinatal psychiatry
- The psychotherapies
- Comparing therapies
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (cbt)
- Behavioural therapy
- Dynamic psychotherapy
- Systemic/family therapy
- Counselling and supportive psychotherapies
- Group psychotherapy
- Play therapy
- Art therapy
- Compulsory treatment
- Compulsory hospitalization
- Mental Health Act law and consent
- Capacity
- 13 General practice*
- Common reasons for seeing a gp
- More common reasons for seeing a gp
- General practice in the uk
- Differences between gps and specialists
- Pressures of primary care
- Primary care in the uk
- Primary care teams
- The consultation & patient centredness
- Consultation models
- Consultations and decision-making
- Managing uncertainty and risk
- Continuity of care
- Prescribing: compliance and concordance
- Protocols, targets, and guidelines
- Referral statistics
- Telephone consulting
- Home visits
- Chronic disease
- Approaching acute illness
- Medically unexplained symptoms (mus)
- Time off work
- Certifying fitness to work (uk)
- Fitness to drive
- Fitness to fly
- uk benefits for those on low income
- uk benefits for disability and illness
- Confirmation and certification of death (England and Wales)
- Health
- Health inequalities
- Social, psychological, & physical elements of health
- Prevention of disease
- Barriers to prevention
- Screening
- Health education: what’s the point?
- cvd risk assessment
- Smoking cessation
- Managing alcohol misuse
- Assessing and managing drug misuse
- Managing sleep problems
- Obesity
- Healthy eating
- Exercise
- Domestic or intimate partner violence
- Complementary and alternative medicine (cam)
- New ways of extending primary care
- Patient groups
- Expert patients
- 14 Eponymous syndromes
- Alphabetical list of eponymous syndromes
- 15 Doctors’ health
- How to look after your own mental health
- Managing stress
- Burnout
- Managing relationships and emotions
- Resilience
- Trainees in difficulty
- Over- and underperforming doctors
- The role of the gmc
- Whistleblowing and raising concerns
- Appraisal and revalidation
- Clinical governance
- Organizations that can help
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 1 Obstetrics
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 2 Gynaecology
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 3 Paediatrics
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 4 Ophthalmology
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 5 Ear, nose, and throat
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 6 Dermatology
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 7 Orthopaedics
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 8 Trauma
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 9 Emergency medicine
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 10 PHEM
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 11 Anaesthesia
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 12 Psychiatry
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 13 General practice
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 14 Eponymous syndromes
- Reference list: OHCS 12e, Chapter 15 Doctors’ health
- Index