Nordic Experiences of Sustainable Planning

Nordic Experiences of Sustainable Planning

Kaup valmöguleikar

For well over a decade, there has been a drive towards sustainability in planning throughout the Nordic countries. But are these countries experiencing a paradigm shift in planning research and practice with regards to sustainability? Or is the sustainability discourse leading them into an impasse in planning? This book includes overviews of the planning systems in the five Nordic countries, drawing attention to their increasing focus on sustainability.

A leading team of scholars from the fields of planning, urban design, architecture, landscape, economics, real estate and tourism explore how the notion of sustainability has shaped planning research in the Nordic countries. Case studies from Iceland, Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark shed light on what lessons can be learned and some possible future developments. By focusing on the actual settings and practices of local and regional planning activities, it enables a discussion on the current state of planning for a more sustainable future.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Taylor & Francis
ISBN
9781317086765
Print ISBN
9780367501969
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
1
Höfundar
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2017-08-23
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Half Title
  • Series Information
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • Figures
  • Tables
  • List of Contributors
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • Part I Setting the scene
  • 1 Introduction: The planning pyramid
  • The argument for Nordic Experiences of Sustainable Planning: Policy and Practice
  • Nordic countries
  • Sustainability
  • Planning
  • Planning pyramid: The ideology of the book
  • Nature
  • Economy
  • Government and regulations
  • Built environment
  • Liveability
  • Summary
  • The organization of the book
  • Part I: Setting the scene
  • Part II: Nature and economy
  • Part III: Government and regulations
  • Part IV: Built environment
  • Part V: Liveable community
  • Part VI: Future scenarios
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • 2 Enduring the neo-liberal rollercoaster: Resilience or sustainability as planning theory’s response?
  • Introduction on resilience and planning theory
  • Sustainability and resilience: Conceptual relationships
  • Resilience and flexibility
  • Neo-liberalism and its tendency to create economic crises
  • Neo-liberal resilience: Competitiveness, not resistance
  • Planning as technology for resilience
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Part II Nature and economy
  • 3 The physical frame of planning
  • Introduction
  • Iceland
  • Landscape
  • Physical analysis
  • Map analysis
  • Landscape
  • Formation
  • Reykjavík in 1887
  • Reykjavík in 1956
  • Maps and superficial deposits
  • The physical frame – the Icelandic landscape
  • Physical restraints
  • Summary
  • Notes
  • References
  • 4 Co-management in environmental planning: An alternative to the precautionary principle
  • Introduction
  • Theoretical framework: co-production of knowledge, monitoring and precaution
  • Negotiating knowledge
  • Scientific knowledge and monitoring
  • Co-production of knowledge
  • The precautionary principle
  • The case study
  • Regulation of East Svalbard
  • A suggested closure and a management plan process
  • The precautionary model being challenged
  • Non-scientific knowledge production
  • Towards a co-management model?
  • Notes
  • References
  • 5 Cycles in housing markets, policy and finance
  • Introduction
  • A simple model of the building cycle
  • Cycles in the Icelandic housing market
  • History of urbanisation in the twentieth century
  • The recent cycle in residential housing markets
  • Housing finance regulation and macro-prudential policy tools
  • Macro-prudential policies
  • Macro-prudential regulations for housing finance
  • Implementation of macro-prudential regulation for housing finance
  • Some potential conflicts
  • Alternative approaches
  • Discussion
  • Summary and conclusions
  • References
  • Part III Government and regulations
  • 6 The planning system and practice in Norway
  • Introduction
  • Planning theory
  • The development of the planning system in Norway
  • The current planning system
  • Objection in planning
  • Democracy in planning
  • Market-led planning
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 7 The new DNA of Danish spatial planning culture: The case of regional planning
  • Introduction
  • Conceptualising planning culture in a spatial development and policy context
  • Culture, policy and planning
  • Planning culture
  • The changing context of planning in Denmark and the region of North Denmark
  • Changes in the Danish spatial planning system and regional planning
  • Regional planning activities in North Denmark
  • Concluding discussion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 8 The history of Swedish planning
  • 1800–1900
  • 1900–1970
  • 1970–2000
  • 2000–2016
  • Milestones in Swedish planning history and attention to sustainability
  • References
  • 9 Icelandic planning: Milestones of sustainability
  • Introduction
  • Late urbanisation
  • Sustainability factors
  • Equity
  • Day-to-day solutions
  • Danish design
  • Emphasising the environment
  • Economy
  • The planning system
  • The history of planning and the growth of Reykjavík
  • The current planning system
  • Recent changes to the planning system
  • Country planning policy
  • Regional plan
  • Municipal plan
  • Neighbourhood plans
  • Site plan
  • The three pillars of sustainability in planning
  • References
  • 10 Balancing between efficiency and sustainability: Discourses on the Finnish land-use planning system
  • Introduction
  • Inefficiencies in Finnish planning: Current strands of criticism
  • Finnish hierarchical planning system and its problems
  • Regional planning
  • Municipal planning
  • Public participation and appeals to court
  • Studies and impact assessments as deterrents of fluency in planning
  • Conclusions: Efficiency of planning processes or effective planning for sustainability?
  • References
  • Part IV Built environment
  • 11 How does the carbon-neutral settlement of Brøset contribute to a new paradigm in planning the urban fabric?
  • Introduction
  • Ambitious goals for a sustainable urban development
  • Paradigm and discourse
  • Low-energy community as a planning paradigm
  • Brøset project and the urban structure
  • The planning programme
  • The parallel assignment
  • The evaluation committee’s report
  • Proposed zoning plan
  • Towards a new planning paradigm?
  • References
  • 12 A suburb in limbo: From an idea conceived in an economic boom and realised during a crisis: a case study of a Reykjavík suburb
  • Introduction
  • The Icelandic context
  • Business cycles and building cycles
  • Theoretical frame/urban morphology methods
  • Case study
  • Findings – from frame-plan, through legal site-plan, to reality
  • The central city pond
  • Streets and street system
  • Plots and buildings
  • Conclusions
  • Afterword
  • References
  • 13 Three restricted developer competitions: Experiences from Sweden
  • Introduction
  • Research area
  • Literature review
  • Research aim
  • Theory and method
  • Model
  • Case studies
  • Case 1: Senior housing in Danderyd
  • Case 2: Rental apartments in Nacka
  • Case 3: Apartment/housing block in Trelleborg
  • Result
  • Competition form – Why restricted competitions?
  • Invitation – How are the documents produced?
  • Information needs – Does the organizer get a good picture of the candidates?
  • The judging procedure – How are the candidates evaluated?
  • The participation and judging model – Who sits on the selection committees?
  • Experience from prequalification – Are the organizers pleased with the procedure?
  • Conclusions and discussion
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgement
  • Notes
  • References
  • Part V Liveable community
  • 14 Finnish local government reform: Juxtaposing cost structures and the centre-periphery relations of municipalities in urban regions
  • Introduction
  • Aim of the study
  • Financial interrelationships of urban regions’ municipalities
  • Revenues
  • Expenditure
  • Statistical and geographical information about municipalities in urban regions
  • Selection of municipalities
  • Defining distances for municipalities
  • The situation in 2005–2006 and in 2009–2010
  • Analysis of links between municipalities and cost structures in urban regions
  • Income subject to municipal income tax and total tax revenue received by municipalities in 2005 and 2010
  • Net operating costs and investment
  • Conclusions
  • Funding
  • Notes
  • References
  • 15 Rebound effects for reduced car ownership and driving
  • Introduction
  • Literature review
  • Research material and methods
  • Research material and the assessment of carbon footprints
  • Setting up the frame for the research
  • Calculation of the rebound effect
  • Multivariable regression models
  • Results
  • Rebound effects
  • Carbon footprints illustrating the studied rebound effects
  • The carbon footprints of urban and rural residents, and regression analyses
  • Discussion, conclusions and policy implications
  • References
  • 16 When planners aim for more sustainable cities: Lessons from Scandinavia
  • Introduction
  • Planning and performativity
  • The planner’s mediated negotiations for the light rail in Aarhus (Denmark)
  • The planner’s communicative strategies in the making of the Trondheim Environmental Package for Transport (Norway)
  • What is required of planners when aiming for sustainable cities?
  • Recognising specific windows of opportunity
  • Anticipating and responding to political signals
  • Conducting communicative, persuasive and improvised actions while elaborating plans
  • Creating an heuristic of urban sustainability and liveability
  • Lessons for planning when aiming for sustainable cities
  • Notes
  • References
  • Part VI Future scenarios
  • 17 Urbanity as a strategic aim: Will the Nordic cities be sustainable in 2030?
  • Introduction
  • The sustainable urban form
  • How sustainable is an urban lifestyle?
  • The future of the Nordic cities: To be liveable, urban and sustainable
  • Main goals: Quality of life, green growth and climate friendliness
  • Denser cities
  • Local sustainable lifestyles
  • Green cities
  • Sustainable Nordic cities after 2030?
  • References
  • 18 Discussion and conclusions
  • Index