Nonprofit Organizations
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In this new edition of the popular textbook, Nonprofit Organizations: Theory, Management, Policy, Helmut K. Anheier and Stefan Toepler have fully updated, revised, and expanded this comprehensive introduction to a growing field. The text takes on an international and comparative perspective, detailing the background and concepts and examining relevant theories and central issues. Anheier and Toepler cover the full range of nonprofit organizations—service providers, membership organizations, foundations, community groups—in different fields, such as arts and culture, health and social services, and education.
Introducing central terms such as philanthropy, charity, social entrepreneurship, social investment, and civil society, they explain how the field relates to public management and administration. This textbook is systematic in its approach to theories, management, and policy. The first edition won the Best Book Award at the American Academy of Management in 2006, and this new edition will continue to match the growing demand for academic teaching.
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- Taylor & Francis
- 9781000632149
- 9781138625495
- ePub
- 3
- Helmut K. Anheier; Stefan Toepler
- English
- 2022-08-22
- 100
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Cover
- Half-Title Page
- Series Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Table of Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- List of Boxes
- Preface to the Third Edition
- Part I Studying Nonprofit Organizations
- Chapter 1 Studying Nonprofit Organizations
- Learning Objectives
- A Sector Rich in Organizational Forms and Activities
- An Emerging Sector, an Emerging Field of Study
- Studying Nonprofit and Voluntary Associations: A Brief History
- Overview
- Part I: Studying Nonprofit Organizations
- Chapter 2: Historical Background
- Chapter 3: Concepts
- Chapter 4: Dimensions
- Part II: Approaches
- Chapter 5: Theories of Nonprofit Organizations
- Chapter 6: Approaches to Giving and Philanthropy
- Chapter 7: Studying Civic Engagement and Volunteering
- Chapter 8: Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation
- Part III: Organization and Management
- Chapter 9: Organizational Behavior and Performance
- Chapter 10: Management Approaches and Tools
- Chapter 11: Financing Nonprofit Organizations
- Chapter 12: Governance
- Chapter 13: Leadership and Human Resources
- Chapter 14: Marketing, Communication, and Social Media
- Chapter 15: Collaboration
- Part IV: Policy and Current Developments
- Chapter 16: State–Nonprofit Relations
- Chapter 17: Advocacy and Lobbying
- Chapter 18: Longer-Term Developments and Current Trends
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Chapter 2 Historical Background
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- The Emergence of the Nonprofit Sector in the US
- Civil Society as Associationalism
- State–Society Relations
- How the History of the Nonprofit Sector in the US Differs from Other Countries
- The UK
- Canada
- Australia
- France and Germany
- Sweden
- Japan
- Brazil
- Egypt
- Ghana
- India
- China
- Russia
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Chapter 3 Concepts
- Learning Objectives
- The Nonprofit Sector
- Different Approaches
- The Legal Definition
- The Functional Definition
- The Economic Definition
- The Structural-Operational Definition
- Basic Forms and Variations
- Associations
- Foundations
- Corporations
- Special Cases
- Special Characteristics
- Which Definition Is the Right One?
- Classification
- Concepts Related to the Nonprofit Sector
- Civil Society
- Philanthropy
- Social Movements
- Social Capital
- Social Investment
- Social Economy
- Social Entrepreneurship
- Social Enterprise
- Hybrid Organizations
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Chapter 4 Dimensions
- Learning Objectives
- Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector
- Liberal Market Economies
- The United States
- Scale
- Employment and Expenditures
- Composition
- Revenue
- Wages and Workforce
- Change
- Canada
- United Kingdom
- Australia
- Coordinated Market Economies
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Japan
- Sweden
- Emerging Market Economies
- Brazil
- China
- India
- Mexico
- Russia
- South Africa
- Comparative Aspects
- Size: Wide Variations among Countries and Regions
- Composition: Social Welfare Services Dominate
- Revenue: A Mixed Economy
- Individual Giving
- The United States
- Individual Giving Elsewhere
- “High Net Worth” Giving
- Foundations
- United States
- Comparative Profile of Foundations
- Civic Engagement
- Formal Volunteering
- Formal Volunteering in the United States
- Formal Volunteering Elsewhere
- Informal Volunteering and Caring
- Membership
- International Activities
- The Rise of International Nongovernmental Organizations
- International Philanthropy
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- Note
- References
- Part II Approaches
- Chapter 5 Theories of Nonprofit Organizations
- Learning Objectives
- What Is to Be Explained? The Nonprofit Research Agenda
- The Major Theories
- Public Goods Theories
- Trust-Related Theories
- Entrepreneurship Theories
- Stakeholder Theories of the Nonprofit Sector
- The Interdependence Theory
- Supply and Demand Conditions for Nonprofit Organizations
- The Social Origins Theory
- New Developments
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Chapter 6 Approaches to Giving and Philanthropy
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- The Nature of the Gift
- Giving Behavior
- Endogenous Factors
- Awareness of Need
- Altruism, Personal Values, and Religion
- Income, Wealth, and Education
- Age, Gender, and Marital Status
- Benefits
- Exogenous Factors
- Solicitation
- Taxation and Charitable Deduction
- Altruism Budget
- The Evolution, Rationales, and Functions of Philanthropic Foundations
- Historical Background
- Definitions and Prevailing Types
- Foundation Purpose, Approaches, and Roles
- Why Foundations?1
- Context Matters
- New Trends
- Venture Philanthropy
- Strategic Philanthropy
- Spend-Down Foundations
- New Philanthropic Institutions
- Foundation-Like Organizations
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- Note
- References
- Chapter 7 Studying Civic Engagement and Volunteering
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Understanding Civic Engagement
- Civility
- Civic Mindedness
- Social Capital and Trust
- Civic Culture
- Who Engages Civically? Socio-Economic Factors
- Motivations for Engaging Civically: Value Dispositions
- Understanding Volunteering
- Motivational Factors: Personality and Context
- Volunteer Types: Availability and Assets
- Social Networks and Volunteering
- Nonprofit Regime Types and Volunteering
- The Issue of Social Cohesion
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Chapter 8 Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Social Entrepreneurship
- What Is an Entrepreneur?
- A Unique Form of Entrepreneurship?
- Limits to Social Entrepreneurship
- Social Innovation
- What Is Innovation?
- When Is an Innovation Social?
- Social Innovations and Governance Innovations
- Social Innovation and the Nonprofit Sector
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Part III Organization and Management
- Chapter 9 Organizational Behavior and Performance
- Learning Objectives
- Introducing Organizational Studies
- A Primer of Organizational Theory
- Bureaucracy and the Rise of Organization Theory
- Theories of Organization and Management
- Organizations as Rational and Political Institutions
- Organizational Environments and Evolutionary Perspectives
- Organizational Structure and Behavior
- The Organizational Task Environment and Uncertainty
- Scale and Scope
- Basic Structures
- Values, Visions, and Missions
- The Behavior of Nonprofit Organizations
- Child Daycare in Canada
- Nursing Homes and Facilities for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities
- Healthcare Providers
- Niche Control
- Coping with Uncertainty
- Dealing with Crises
- Organizational Performance Measures
- Triple Bottom Line Accounting
- Social Return on Investment (SROI)
- The Balanced Scorecard
- Corporate Dashboards
- Benchmarking
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Chapter 10 Management Approaches and Tools
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- What Is Management?
- Stakeholders and Multiple Bottom Lines
- Strategic Management
- Theory of Change
- Basic Strategic Planning
- Issue-Based Planning
- Alignment Model
- Gap Analysis
- Logical Frameworks
- Scenario Planning
- PESTEL Analysis
- Stakeholder Analysis
- SWOT Analysis
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Chapter 11 Financing Nonprofit Organizations
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Revenue
- Major Revenue Sources
- Benefits Theory
- Nonprofits as Multi-Product Organizations
- Unrelated and Related Business Income
- Product Diversification
- Choosing Viable Programs: Product Portfolio Map and Value-Return Matrix
- Revenue Options and Allocation Mechanisms
- Commercialization
- Social Finance
- Social Impact Bonds
- Crowdfunding
- Fundraising
- Fundraising Process
- Donors and Motivation
- Evolution and Trends
- Financial Management
- Basic Financial Relationships
- Budgets
- Break-Even Analysis
- Financial Management Issues
- Contracting Problems
- Nonprofit Starvation Cycle
- Financial “Proverbs”
- Business Plan
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Chapter 12 Governance
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Corporate Governance1
- Approaches to Corporate Governance
- Agency Theory
- Stewardship Theory
- Stakeholder Theory
- Resource Dependency
- Institutional Theory
- Roles and Responsibilities of the Governing Board
- Board Composition and Diversity
- Conflict of Interest
- Normative and Analytic Approaches
- Accountability
- Transparency
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- Note
- References
- Chapter 13 Leadership and Human Resources
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Leadership
- Human Resources
- Paid versus Unpaid Staff
- Public Service Motivation
- Donative Labor Hypothesis
- Human Resource Management
- Personnel Management
- Volunteer Management
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Chapter 14 Marketing, Communication, and Social Media
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Marketing
- Target Markets
- Marketing Mix
- Branding
- Social Media
- Fundraising
- Volunteers
- Advocacy
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Chapter 15 Collaboration
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Collaboration Among Nonprofits
- Collaboration with Government
- Contracts and Government Partnerships
- Public–Private Partnerships
- Collaborative Governance
- Collaboration with Business
- Corporate Philanthropy
- Collaborative Value Creation Framework
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- References
- Part IV Policy and Current Developments
- Chapter 16 State–Nonprofit Relations
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- What’s in a Relationship?
- Instruments of Government Financing of Nonprofit Activity
- Grants, Contracts, and Third-Party Payments
- Tax Exemptions, Deductions, and Credits
- Extent of the Partnership
- Consequences of Public Sector Support
- Competition Leads to Commercialization
- Still Worthy of Special Treatment?
- Other Experiences
- United Kingdom
- Germany
- Russia1
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- Note
- References
- Chapter 17 Advocacy and Lobbying
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Political Activism
- Advocacy1
- Advocacy Actors
- Types of Advocacy
- Advocacy Tactics
- Lobbying
- Legal Regulation of Political Activities in the US
- General Political Restrictions
- Lobbying Rules
- Restrictions on Private Foundations
- Advocacy by NGOs in Authoritarian Contexts
- Advocacy, Service Delivery, and Government Funding
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- Note
- References
- Chapter 18 Longer-Term Developments and Current Trends
- Learning Objectives
- Introduction
- Supply and Demand Factors Revisited1
- Growth
- Institutional Effects of Crises
- Prolonged Prosperity and Development
- Technological Changes
- Demographic Trends
- Sectoral Shifts
- The Legal System
- The Cultural System
- The Political System
- The Current Policy Environment2
- Shrinking Space
- Policy Neglect
- Regulatory Voids
- Accountability Deficits
- Overcoming Policy Neglect
- Service Providers
- Civic Engagement
- Financial Intermediaries
- Social Innovators
- Visions for the Future
- Conclusion
- Review Questions
- Recommended Readings
- Notes
- References
- Index