Nolte's The Human Brain

Höfundar: Todd W. Vanderah; Douglas J. Gould (Útgáfa: 9)
Nolte's The Human Brain

Kaup valmöguleikar

**Selected for 2025 Doody’s Core Titles® in Neuroscience**Acquiring a solid understanding of the gross anatomy of the brain, spinal cord, and brainstem is a challenging task—one that’s made easier and more enjoyable with Nolte's The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy, 9th Edition. This highly regarded textbook demystifies the complexities of all key topics in functional neuroanatomy and neuroscience, using a clear writing style, interesting examples, and high-quality visual cues to provide the ideal depth of well-rounded coverage.

Uses a succinct, easy-to-understand writing style and plentiful diagrams to help you understand a difficult and often intimidating subjectFeatures highly templated, concise chapters that reinforce and expand your knowledgeIncludes more Clinical Focus Boxes throughout, including neuropathology and neuropharmacologyProvides a real-life perspective through clinically relevant examples, up-to-date neuroimaging techniques, integrated coverage of neurogenetics and neuroimmunology, and superb illustrations that support and explain the textFeatures a glossary of key terms that elucidates every part of the text, complemented by 3-dimensional images of the brain and the most up-to-date terminology throughout.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Elsevier Limited (UK)
ISBN
9780443127502
Print ISBN
9780443126864
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
9
Höfundar
Todd W. Vanderah; Douglas J. Gould
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2025-03-11
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
10

Kaflar

  • Title of Book
  • Cover image
  • Title page
  • Table of Contents
  • Activate your eBook today!
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • In Memoriam
  • 1. Introduction to the Nervous System
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE NERVOUS SYSTEM HAS CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL PARTS
  • THE PRINCIPAL CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE NEURONS AND GLIAL CELLS
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Suggested Readings
  • Suggested Readings
  • 2. Development of the Nervous System
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE NEURAL TUBE GIVES RISE TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • THE NEURAL CREST AND CRANIAL PLACODES GIVE RISE TO THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • ADVERSE EVENTS DURING DEVELOPMENT CAN CAUSE CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Suggested Readings
  • Suggested Readings
  • 3. Gross Anatomy and General Organization of the Central Nervous System
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE LONG AXIS OF THE CNS BENDS AT THE CEPHALIC FLEXURE
  • HEMISECTING A BRAIN REVEALS PARTS OF THE DIENCEPHALON, BRAINSTEM, AND VENTRICULAR SYSTEM
  • HUMANS, RELATIVE TO OTHER ANIMALS, HAVE LARGE BRAINS AND MANY NEURONS
  • NAMED SULCI AND GYRI COVER THE CEREBRAL SURFACE
  • THE DIENCEPHALON INCLUDES THE THALAMUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS
  • MOST CRANIAL NERVES ARE ATTACHED TO THE BRAINSTEM
  • THE CEREBELLUM INCLUDES A VERMIS AND TWO HEMISPHERES
  • SECTIONS OF THE FOREBRAIN REVEAL THE BASAL NUCLEI AND LIMBIC STRUCTURES
  • PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE INTERCONNECTED IN SYSTEMATIC WAYS (GENERALIZATIONS)
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Answers available in the Appendix.
  • Suggested Readings
  • 4. Meningeal Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE THREE MENINGEAL LAYERS: THE DURA MATER, ARACHNOID MATER, AND PIA MATER
  • THE DURA MATER PROVIDES MECHANICAL STRENGTH
  • THE ARACHNOID MATER
  • PIA MATER COVERS THE SURFACE OF THE CNS
  • LYMPHATICS OF THE CNS
  • THE VERTEBRAL CANAL CONTAINS A SPINAL EPIDURAL SPACE
  • BLEEDING CAN OPEN UP POTENTIAL MENINGEAL SPACES
  • PARTS OF THE CNS CAN HERNIATE FROM ONE INTRACRANIAL COMPARTMENT INTO ANOTHER
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Suggested Readings
  • Suggested Readings
  • 5. Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE BRAIN CONTAINS FOUR VENTRICLES
  • CHOROID PLEXUS IS THE SOURCE OF MOST CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
  • IMAGING TECHNIQUES ALLOW NONINVASIVE VISUALIZATION OF THE CNS
  • DISRUPTION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID CIRCULATION CAN CAUSE HYDROCEPHALUS
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  • Suggested Readings
  • 6. Blood Supply of the Brain
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES AND VERTEBRAL ARTERIES SUPPLY THE BRAIN
  • IMAGING TECHNIQUES ALLOW ARTERIES AND VEINS TO BE VISUALIZED
  • A SYSTEM OF BARRIERS PARTIALLY SEPARATES THE NERVOUS SYSTEM FROM THE REST OF THE BODY
  • SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP VEINS DRAIN THE BRAIN
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  • Suggested Readings
  • 7. Electrical Signaling by Neurons
  • Chapter Outline
  • A LIPID-PROTEIN MEMBRANE SEPARATES INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS
  • INPUTS TO NEURONS CAUSE SLOW, LOCAL POTENTIAL CHANGES
  • ACTION POTENTIALS CONVEY INFORMATION OVER LONG DISTANCES
  • RESISTORS, CAPACITORS, AND NEURONAL MEMBRANES
  • CALCULATING THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  • Suggested Readings
  • 8. Synaptic Transmission Between Neurons
  • Chapter Outline
  • There Are Five Steps in Conventional Chemical Synaptic Transmission
  • Synaptic Transmission Can Be Rapid and Point-to-Point, or Slow and Often Diffuse
  • Synaptic Strength Can Be Facilitated or Depressed
  • Most Neurotransmitters Are Small Amine Molecules, Amino Acids, or Neuropeptides
  • Gap Junctions Mediate Direct Current Flow From One Neuron to Another
  • Review Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • Suggested Readings
  • 9. Sensory Receptors and the Peripheral Nervous System
  • Chapter Outline
  • RECEPTORS ENCODE THE NATURE, LOCATION, INTENSITY, AND DURATION OF STIMULI
  • SOMATOSENSORY RECEPTORS DETECT MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL, OR THERMAL CHANGES
  • PERIPHERAL NERVES CONVEY INFORMATION TO AND FROM THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Suggested Readings
  • Suggested Readings
  • 10. Spinal Cord
  • Chapter outline
  • THE SPINAL CORD IS SEGMENTED
  • ALL LEVELS OF THE SPINAL CORD HAVE A SIMILAR CROSS-SECTIONAL STRUCTURE
  • THE SPINAL CORD IS INVOLVED IN SENSORY PROCESSING, MOTOR OUTFLOW, AND REFLEXES
  • SPINAL GRAY MATTER IS REGIONALLY SPECIALIZED
  • REFLEX CIRCUITRY IS BUILT INTO THE SPINAL CORD
  • ASCENDING AND DESCENDING PATHWAYS HAVE DEFINED LOCATIONS IN THE SPINAL WHITE MATTER
  • THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM MONITORS AND CONTROLS VISCERAL ACTIVITY
  • A LONGITUDINAL NETWORK OF ARTERIES SUPPLIES THE SPINAL CORD
  • SPINAL CORD DAMAGE CAUSES PREDICTABLE DEFICITS
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  • Suggested Readings
  • 11. Organization of the Brainstem
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE BRAINSTEM HAS CONDUIT, CRANIAL NERVE, AND INTEGRATIVE FUNCTIONS
  • THE MEDULLA, PONS, AND MIDBRAIN HAVE CHARACTERISTIC GROSS ANATOMICAL FEATURES
  • THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE BRAINSTEM REFLECTS SURFACE FEATURES AND THE POSITION OF LONG TRACTS
  • THE RETICULAR CORE OF THE BRAINSTEM IS INVOLVED IN MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS
  • SOME BRAINSTEM NUCLEI HAVE DISTINCTIVE NEUROCHEMICAL SIGNATURES
  • THE BRAINSTEM IS SUPPLIED BY THE VERTEBRAL-BASILAR SYSTEM
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  • Suggested Readings
  • 12. Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI HAVE A GENERALLY PREDICTABLE ARRANGEMENT
  • CRANIAL NERVES III, IV, VI, XI, AND XII CONTAIN SOMATIC MOTOR FIBERS
  • BRANCHIOMERIC NERVES CONTAIN AXONS FROM MULTIPLE CATEGORIES
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  • Suggested Readings
  • 13. The Chemical Senses of Taste and Smell
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE PERCEPTION OF FLAVOR INVOLVES GUSTATORY, OLFACTORY, TRIGEMINAL, AND OTHER INPUTS
  • TASTE IS MEDIATED BY RECEPTORS IN TASTE BUDS INNERVATED BY CRANIAL NERVES VII, IX, AND X
  • OLFACTION IS MEDIATED BY RECEPTORS THAT PROJECT DIRECTLY TO THE TELENCEPHALON
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  • Suggested Readings
  • 14. Hearing and Balance: The Eighth Cranial Nerve
  • Chapter Outline
  • AUDITORY AND VESTIBULAR RECEPTOR CELLS ARE LOCATED IN THE WALLS OF THE MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH
  • THE COCHLEAR DIVISION OF THE EIGHTH NERVE CONVEYS INFORMATION ABOUT SOUND
  • THE VESTIBULAR DIVISION OF THE EIGHTH NERVE CONVEYS INFORMATION ABOUT LINEAR AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION OF THE HEAD
  • POSITION SENSE IS MEDIATED BY THE VESTIBULAR, PROPRIOCEPTIVE, AND VISUAL SYSTEMS ACTING TOGETHER
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  • Suggested Readings
  • 15. Atlas of the Human Brainstem
  • 16. The Thalamus and Internal Capsule: Getting to and From the Cerebral Cortex
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE DIENCEPHALON INCLUDES THE EPITHALAMUS, SUBTHALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS, AND THALAMUS
  • The Thalamus Is the Gateway to the Cerebral Cortex
  • INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND SUBCORTICAL STRUCTURES TRAVEL THROUGH THE INTERNAL CAPSULE
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Suggested Readings
  • Suggested Readings
  • 17. The Visual System
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE EYE HAS THREE CONCENTRIC TISSUE LAYERS AND A LENS
  • THE RETINA CONTAINS FIVE MAJOR NEURONAL CELL TYPES
  • RETINAL NEURONS TRANSLATE PATTERNS OF LIGHT INTO PATTERNS OF CONTRAST
  • HALF OF THE VISUAL FIELD OF EACH EYE IS MAPPED SYSTEMATICALLY IN THE CONTRALATERAL CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE
  • PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX SORTS VISUAL INFORMATION AND DISTRIBUTES IT TO OTHER CORTICAL AREAS
  • EARLY EXPERIENCE HAS PERMANENT EFFECTS ON THE VISUAL SYSTEM
  • REFLEX CIRCUITS ADJUST THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL AND THE FOCAL LENGTH OF THE LENS
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  • Suggested Readings
  • 18. Overview of Motor Systems
  • Abstract
  • Chapter outline
  • EACH LOWER MOTOR NEURON INNERVATES A GROUP OF MUSCLE FIBERS, FORMING A MOTOR UNIT
  • MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEMS INVOLVE BOTH HIERARCHICAL AND PARALLEL CONNECTIONS
  • THE CORTICOSPINAL TRACT HAS MULTIPLE ORIGINS AND TERMINATIONS
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  • Suggested Readings
  • 19. Basal Nuclei
  • Abstract
  • Chapter outline
  • The Basal Nuclei Include Five Major Groups of Cells
  • Basal Nuclei Circuitry Involves Multiple Parallel Loops That Modulate Cortical Output
  • Interconnections of the Basal Nuclei Determine the Pattern of Their Outputs
  • Perforating Branches From the Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis) Supply the Basal Nuclei
  • Many Basal Nuclei Disorders Result in Abnormalities of Movement
  • Review Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • Suggested Readings
  • 20. Cerebellum
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • The Cerebellum Can Be Divided Into Both Transverse and Longitudinal Zones
  • Cerebellar Cortex Receives Multiple Inputs
  • Each Longitudinal Zone Has a Distinctive Output
  • Clinical Syndromes Correspond to Functional Zones
  • Review Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • Suggested Readings
  • 21. Eye Movements
  • Chapter outline
  • SIX EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES MOVE THE EYE IN THE ORBIT
  • FAST AND SLOW CONJUGATE EYE MOVEMENTS
  • CHANGES IN OBJECT DISTANCE REQUIRE VERGENCE MOVEMENTS
  • THE BASAL NUCLEI AND CEREBELLUM PARTICIPATE IN EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL
  • Suggested Readings
  • Suggested Readings
  • 22. Cerebral Cortex
  • Abstract
  • Chapter Outline
  • Most Cerebral Cortex Is Neocortex
  • Neocortical Areas Are Specialized for Different Functions
  • The Corpus Callosum Unites the Two Cerebral Hemispheres
  • Consciousness and Sleep Are Active Processes
  • Review Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • Suggested Readings
  • 23. Drives and Emotions: The Hypothalamus and Limbic System
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE HYPOTHALAMUS COORDINATES DRIVE-RELATED BEHAVIORS
  • LIMBIC STRUCTURES ARE INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND NEOCORTEX
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Suggested Readings
  • Suggested Readings
  • 24. Formation, Modification, and Repair of Neuronal Connections
  • Chapter Outline
  • BOTH NEURONS AND CONNECTIONS ARE PRODUCED IN EXCESS DURING DEVELOPMENT
  • SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS ARE ADJUSTED THROUGHOUT LIFE
  • PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM REPAIR IS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM REPAIR
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  • Suggested Readings
  • 25. Atlas of the Human Forebrain
  • Answers to the Review Questions
  • CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • CHAPTER 2DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • CHAPTER 3GROSS ANATOMY AND GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • CHAPTER 4MENINGEAL COVERINGS OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
  • CHAPTER 5VENTRICLES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
  • CHAPTER 6BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE BRAIN
  • CHAPTER 7ELECTRICAL SIGNALING BY NEURONS
  • CHAPTER 8SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION BETWEEN NEURONS
  • CHAPTER 9SENSORY RECEPTORS AND THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • CHAPTER 10Spinal cord
  • CHAPTER 11ORGANIZATION OF THE BRAINSTEM
  • CHAPTER 12CRANIAL NERVES AND THEIR NUCLEI
  • CHAPTER 13THE CHEMICAL SENSES OF TASTE AND SMELL
  • CHAPTER 14HEARING AND BALANCE: THE EIGHTH CRANIAL NERVE
  • CHAPTER 16THE THALAMUS AND INTERNAL CAPSULE: GETTING TO AND FROM THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
  • CHAPTER 18OVERVIEW OF MOTOR SYSTEMS
  • CHAPTER 19BASAL NUCLEI
  • CHAPTER 20CEREBELLUM
  • CHAPTER 22CEREBRAL CORTEX
  • CHAPTER 23DRIVES AND EMOTIONS: THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND LIMBIC SYSTEM
  • CHAPTER 24FORMATION, MODIFICATION, AND REPAIR OF NEURONAL CONNECTIONS
  • Glossary
  • Index
  • In Side Back Cover
  • Confidence is ClinicalKey