Nolte's The Human Brain
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**Selected for 2025 Doody’s Core Titles® in Neuroscience**Acquiring a solid understanding of the gross anatomy of the brain, spinal cord, and brainstem is a challenging task—one that’s made easier and more enjoyable with Nolte's The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy, 9th Edition. This highly regarded textbook demystifies the complexities of all key topics in functional neuroanatomy and neuroscience, using a clear writing style, interesting examples, and high-quality visual cues to provide the ideal depth of well-rounded coverage.
Uses a succinct, easy-to-understand writing style and plentiful diagrams to help you understand a difficult and often intimidating subjectFeatures highly templated, concise chapters that reinforce and expand your knowledgeIncludes more Clinical Focus Boxes throughout, including neuropathology and neuropharmacologyProvides a real-life perspective through clinically relevant examples, up-to-date neuroimaging techniques, integrated coverage of neurogenetics and neuroimmunology, and superb illustrations that support and explain the textFeatures a glossary of key terms that elucidates every part of the text, complemented by 3-dimensional images of the brain and the most up-to-date terminology throughout.
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- Elsevier Limited (UK)
- 9780443127502
- 9780443126864
- ePub
- 9
- Todd W. Vanderah; Douglas J. Gould
- English
- 2025-03-11
- 10
Kaflar
- Title of Book
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
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- Copyright
- Preface
- In Memoriam
- 1. Introduction to the Nervous System
- Chapter Outline
- THE NERVOUS SYSTEM HAS CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL PARTS
- THE PRINCIPAL CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE NEURONS AND GLIAL CELLS
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 2. Development of the Nervous System
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE NEURAL TUBE GIVES RISE TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- THE NEURAL CREST AND CRANIAL PLACODES GIVE RISE TO THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- ADVERSE EVENTS DURING DEVELOPMENT CAN CAUSE CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 3. Gross Anatomy and General Organization of the Central Nervous System
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE LONG AXIS OF THE CNS BENDS AT THE CEPHALIC FLEXURE
- HEMISECTING A BRAIN REVEALS PARTS OF THE DIENCEPHALON, BRAINSTEM, AND VENTRICULAR SYSTEM
- HUMANS, RELATIVE TO OTHER ANIMALS, HAVE LARGE BRAINS AND MANY NEURONS
- NAMED SULCI AND GYRI COVER THE CEREBRAL SURFACE
- THE DIENCEPHALON INCLUDES THE THALAMUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS
- MOST CRANIAL NERVES ARE ATTACHED TO THE BRAINSTEM
- THE CEREBELLUM INCLUDES A VERMIS AND TWO HEMISPHERES
- SECTIONS OF THE FOREBRAIN REVEAL THE BASAL NUCLEI AND LIMBIC STRUCTURES
- PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE INTERCONNECTED IN SYSTEMATIC WAYS (GENERALIZATIONS)
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Answers available in the Appendix.
- Suggested Readings
- 4. Meningeal Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE THREE MENINGEAL LAYERS: THE DURA MATER, ARACHNOID MATER, AND PIA MATER
- THE DURA MATER PROVIDES MECHANICAL STRENGTH
- THE ARACHNOID MATER
- PIA MATER COVERS THE SURFACE OF THE CNS
- LYMPHATICS OF THE CNS
- THE VERTEBRAL CANAL CONTAINS A SPINAL EPIDURAL SPACE
- BLEEDING CAN OPEN UP POTENTIAL MENINGEAL SPACES
- PARTS OF THE CNS CAN HERNIATE FROM ONE INTRACRANIAL COMPARTMENT INTO ANOTHER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 5. Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE BRAIN CONTAINS FOUR VENTRICLES
- CHOROID PLEXUS IS THE SOURCE OF MOST CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
- IMAGING TECHNIQUES ALLOW NONINVASIVE VISUALIZATION OF THE CNS
- DISRUPTION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID CIRCULATION CAN CAUSE HYDROCEPHALUS
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 6. Blood Supply of the Brain
- Chapter Outline
- THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES AND VERTEBRAL ARTERIES SUPPLY THE BRAIN
- IMAGING TECHNIQUES ALLOW ARTERIES AND VEINS TO BE VISUALIZED
- A SYSTEM OF BARRIERS PARTIALLY SEPARATES THE NERVOUS SYSTEM FROM THE REST OF THE BODY
- SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP VEINS DRAIN THE BRAIN
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 7. Electrical Signaling by Neurons
- Chapter Outline
- A LIPID-PROTEIN MEMBRANE SEPARATES INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS
- INPUTS TO NEURONS CAUSE SLOW, LOCAL POTENTIAL CHANGES
- ACTION POTENTIALS CONVEY INFORMATION OVER LONG DISTANCES
- RESISTORS, CAPACITORS, AND NEURONAL MEMBRANES
- CALCULATING THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 8. Synaptic Transmission Between Neurons
- Chapter Outline
- There Are Five Steps in Conventional Chemical Synaptic Transmission
- Synaptic Transmission Can Be Rapid and Point-to-Point, or Slow and Often Diffuse
- Synaptic Strength Can Be Facilitated or Depressed
- Most Neurotransmitters Are Small Amine Molecules, Amino Acids, or Neuropeptides
- Gap Junctions Mediate Direct Current Flow From One Neuron to Another
- Review Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 9. Sensory Receptors and the Peripheral Nervous System
- Chapter Outline
- RECEPTORS ENCODE THE NATURE, LOCATION, INTENSITY, AND DURATION OF STIMULI
- SOMATOSENSORY RECEPTORS DETECT MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL, OR THERMAL CHANGES
- PERIPHERAL NERVES CONVEY INFORMATION TO AND FROM THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 10. Spinal Cord
- Chapter outline
- THE SPINAL CORD IS SEGMENTED
- ALL LEVELS OF THE SPINAL CORD HAVE A SIMILAR CROSS-SECTIONAL STRUCTURE
- THE SPINAL CORD IS INVOLVED IN SENSORY PROCESSING, MOTOR OUTFLOW, AND REFLEXES
- SPINAL GRAY MATTER IS REGIONALLY SPECIALIZED
- REFLEX CIRCUITRY IS BUILT INTO THE SPINAL CORD
- ASCENDING AND DESCENDING PATHWAYS HAVE DEFINED LOCATIONS IN THE SPINAL WHITE MATTER
- THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM MONITORS AND CONTROLS VISCERAL ACTIVITY
- A LONGITUDINAL NETWORK OF ARTERIES SUPPLIES THE SPINAL CORD
- SPINAL CORD DAMAGE CAUSES PREDICTABLE DEFICITS
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 11. Organization of the Brainstem
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE BRAINSTEM HAS CONDUIT, CRANIAL NERVE, AND INTEGRATIVE FUNCTIONS
- THE MEDULLA, PONS, AND MIDBRAIN HAVE CHARACTERISTIC GROSS ANATOMICAL FEATURES
- THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE BRAINSTEM REFLECTS SURFACE FEATURES AND THE POSITION OF LONG TRACTS
- THE RETICULAR CORE OF THE BRAINSTEM IS INVOLVED IN MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS
- SOME BRAINSTEM NUCLEI HAVE DISTINCTIVE NEUROCHEMICAL SIGNATURES
- THE BRAINSTEM IS SUPPLIED BY THE VERTEBRAL-BASILAR SYSTEM
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 12. Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI HAVE A GENERALLY PREDICTABLE ARRANGEMENT
- CRANIAL NERVES III, IV, VI, XI, AND XII CONTAIN SOMATIC MOTOR FIBERS
- BRANCHIOMERIC NERVES CONTAIN AXONS FROM MULTIPLE CATEGORIES
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 13. The Chemical Senses of Taste and Smell
- Chapter Outline
- THE PERCEPTION OF FLAVOR INVOLVES GUSTATORY, OLFACTORY, TRIGEMINAL, AND OTHER INPUTS
- TASTE IS MEDIATED BY RECEPTORS IN TASTE BUDS INNERVATED BY CRANIAL NERVES VII, IX, AND X
- OLFACTION IS MEDIATED BY RECEPTORS THAT PROJECT DIRECTLY TO THE TELENCEPHALON
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 14. Hearing and Balance: The Eighth Cranial Nerve
- Chapter Outline
- AUDITORY AND VESTIBULAR RECEPTOR CELLS ARE LOCATED IN THE WALLS OF THE MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH
- THE COCHLEAR DIVISION OF THE EIGHTH NERVE CONVEYS INFORMATION ABOUT SOUND
- THE VESTIBULAR DIVISION OF THE EIGHTH NERVE CONVEYS INFORMATION ABOUT LINEAR AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION OF THE HEAD
- POSITION SENSE IS MEDIATED BY THE VESTIBULAR, PROPRIOCEPTIVE, AND VISUAL SYSTEMS ACTING TOGETHER
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 15. Atlas of the Human Brainstem
- 16. The Thalamus and Internal Capsule: Getting to and From the Cerebral Cortex
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- THE DIENCEPHALON INCLUDES THE EPITHALAMUS, SUBTHALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS, AND THALAMUS
- The Thalamus Is the Gateway to the Cerebral Cortex
- INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND SUBCORTICAL STRUCTURES TRAVEL THROUGH THE INTERNAL CAPSULE
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 17. The Visual System
- Chapter Outline
- THE EYE HAS THREE CONCENTRIC TISSUE LAYERS AND A LENS
- THE RETINA CONTAINS FIVE MAJOR NEURONAL CELL TYPES
- RETINAL NEURONS TRANSLATE PATTERNS OF LIGHT INTO PATTERNS OF CONTRAST
- HALF OF THE VISUAL FIELD OF EACH EYE IS MAPPED SYSTEMATICALLY IN THE CONTRALATERAL CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE
- PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX SORTS VISUAL INFORMATION AND DISTRIBUTES IT TO OTHER CORTICAL AREAS
- EARLY EXPERIENCE HAS PERMANENT EFFECTS ON THE VISUAL SYSTEM
- REFLEX CIRCUITS ADJUST THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL AND THE FOCAL LENGTH OF THE LENS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 18. Overview of Motor Systems
- Abstract
- Chapter outline
- EACH LOWER MOTOR NEURON INNERVATES A GROUP OF MUSCLE FIBERS, FORMING A MOTOR UNIT
- MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEMS INVOLVE BOTH HIERARCHICAL AND PARALLEL CONNECTIONS
- THE CORTICOSPINAL TRACT HAS MULTIPLE ORIGINS AND TERMINATIONS
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 19. Basal Nuclei
- Abstract
- Chapter outline
- The Basal Nuclei Include Five Major Groups of Cells
- Basal Nuclei Circuitry Involves Multiple Parallel Loops That Modulate Cortical Output
- Interconnections of the Basal Nuclei Determine the Pattern of Their Outputs
- Perforating Branches From the Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis) Supply the Basal Nuclei
- Many Basal Nuclei Disorders Result in Abnormalities of Movement
- Review Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 20. Cerebellum
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- The Cerebellum Can Be Divided Into Both Transverse and Longitudinal Zones
- Cerebellar Cortex Receives Multiple Inputs
- Each Longitudinal Zone Has a Distinctive Output
- Clinical Syndromes Correspond to Functional Zones
- Review Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 21. Eye Movements
- Chapter outline
- SIX EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES MOVE THE EYE IN THE ORBIT
- FAST AND SLOW CONJUGATE EYE MOVEMENTS
- CHANGES IN OBJECT DISTANCE REQUIRE VERGENCE MOVEMENTS
- THE BASAL NUCLEI AND CEREBELLUM PARTICIPATE IN EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 22. Cerebral Cortex
- Abstract
- Chapter Outline
- Most Cerebral Cortex Is Neocortex
- Neocortical Areas Are Specialized for Different Functions
- The Corpus Callosum Unites the Two Cerebral Hemispheres
- Consciousness and Sleep Are Active Processes
- Review Questions
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 23. Drives and Emotions: The Hypothalamus and Limbic System
- Chapter Outline
- THE HYPOTHALAMUS COORDINATES DRIVE-RELATED BEHAVIORS
- LIMBIC STRUCTURES ARE INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND NEOCORTEX
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- 24. Formation, Modification, and Repair of Neuronal Connections
- Chapter Outline
- BOTH NEURONS AND CONNECTIONS ARE PRODUCED IN EXCESS DURING DEVELOPMENT
- SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS ARE ADJUSTED THROUGHOUT LIFE
- PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM REPAIR IS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM REPAIR
- REVIEW QUESTIONS
- SUGGESTED READINGS
- Suggested Readings
- 25. Atlas of the Human Forebrain
- Answers to the Review Questions
- CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CHAPTER 2DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CHAPTER 3GROSS ANATOMY AND GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CHAPTER 4MENINGEAL COVERINGS OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
- CHAPTER 5VENTRICLES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
- CHAPTER 6BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE BRAIN
- CHAPTER 7ELECTRICAL SIGNALING BY NEURONS
- CHAPTER 8SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION BETWEEN NEURONS
- CHAPTER 9SENSORY RECEPTORS AND THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CHAPTER 10Spinal cord
- CHAPTER 11ORGANIZATION OF THE BRAINSTEM
- CHAPTER 12CRANIAL NERVES AND THEIR NUCLEI
- CHAPTER 13THE CHEMICAL SENSES OF TASTE AND SMELL
- CHAPTER 14HEARING AND BALANCE: THE EIGHTH CRANIAL NERVE
- CHAPTER 16THE THALAMUS AND INTERNAL CAPSULE: GETTING TO AND FROM THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
- CHAPTER 18OVERVIEW OF MOTOR SYSTEMS
- CHAPTER 19BASAL NUCLEI
- CHAPTER 20CEREBELLUM
- CHAPTER 22CEREBRAL CORTEX
- CHAPTER 23DRIVES AND EMOTIONS: THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND LIMBIC SYSTEM
- CHAPTER 24FORMATION, MODIFICATION, AND REPAIR OF NEURONAL CONNECTIONS
- Glossary
- Index
- In Side Back Cover
- Confidence is ClinicalKey