Medical Sociology

Höfundur: William C. Cockerham (Útgáfa: 16)
Medical Sociology

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The most comprehensive major academic textbook available on its topic, this classic text presents the most important research studies in the field. The author integrates engaging first-person accounts from patients, physicians, and other health-care providers throughout the text. Since the book’s inception, its principal goal has been to introduce students to the field of medical sociology and serve as a reference for faculty by presenting the most current ideas, issues, concepts, themes, theories, and research findings in the field.

This 16th edition is heavily revised, with updated data and important new additions. New to this edition: Updated chapter on the social causes, impacts, and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic (Chapter 3) Analysis of the widening ten-year gap in average life expectancy in American society between the wealthy and well-educated and the poor and less-educated (Chapter 4) Expanded discussion of the effects of racism on physical and mental health (Chapter 6) Additions to health lifestyle theory of pandemic behavior and the digitalization of society (Chapter 8) New developments in doctor–patient interaction, including the use of genomic data and artificial intelligence (AI) technology in medical care (Chapter 10) The endangered Affordable Care Act (Chapter 16) Review of key issues in different types of health-care delivery systems (Chapter 17).

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Útgefandi
Taylor & Francis
ISBN
9781040317648
Print ISBN
9781032942698
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
16
Höfundar
William C. Cockerham
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2025-04-02
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Half Title
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Part I Introduction
  • 1. Medical Sociology
  • The Social Determinants of Health
  • The Development of Medical Sociology
  • Parsons
  • The Applied Versus the Theoretical
  • Defining Health
  • Contrasting Ideas About Health
  • Modern Medicine and the Social Determinants of Health
  • The Public’s Health
  • The Germ Theory of Disease and the Search for “Magic Bullets”
  • Return to the “Whole” Person
  • The Re-Emergence of Infectious Diseases
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 2. Social Epidemiology
  • Epidemiological Measures
  • The Development of Epidemiology
  • Disease and Modernization
  • The Complexity of Modern IIIs
  • Heart Disease
  • Obesity
  • Epidemics and Pandemics
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Influenza
  • SARS
  • MERS
  • Ebola
  • Zika
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 3. The Social Causes, Impacts, and Responses to COVID-19
  • COVID-19: Origin, Transmission, and Spread
  • Airborne Transmission and Asymptomatic Individuals
  • COVID-19’s Initial Impact on Society
  • China
  • The Middle East and Europe
  • India, Africa, and Latin America
  • The United States
  • Individualism
  • Federalism
  • Canada
  • COVID-19: Social Patterns
  • Comorbid Conditions
  • Age
  • Race
  • Gender
  • Social Class
  • Resolution
  • Social Effects
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 4. The Social Demography of Health: Social Class
  • The Components of Social Class
  • Social Class and Health Disparities
  • Equality of Care and the Social Gradient in Mortality: The British Experience
  • Neighborhood Disadvantage
  • Socioeconomic Status as a Fundamental Cause of Sickness and Mortality
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 5. The Social Demography of Health: Gender
  • Male–Female Life Expectancy
  • Gender Differences in Morbidity
  • The Narrowing Gender Gap in Longevity
  • Rural Residence
  • Smoking
  • Gender and Mental Health
  • Social Roles
  • Marriage
  • Gender and LGBTQIA+ Health
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 6. The Social Demography of Health: Age and Race
  • Age
  • Social Trends in Aging and Health
  • Life Course Theory
  • Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage
  • Cumulative Inequality
  • Race
  • Race as a Social Construction
  • Racism and Health
  • The Current Demographic Transition
  • Black Americans
  • Hispanic Americans
  • Native Americans
  • Asian Americans
  • Race and Mental Health
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • Part II Health and Illness
  • 7. Social Stress and Health
  • Cooley, Thomas, and Goffman: Symbolic Interaction
  • Durkheim: The Larger Society
  • Stress and the Body
  • Physiological Responses to Stress
  • Biomarkers
  • Social Factors and Stress
  • The Stress Process
  • Stress Adaptation
  • Stress and the Social Group
  • Social Capital
  • Stress and Socioeconomic Status
  • Life Changes
  • Extreme Situations
  • Life Events
  • Gene–Environment Interaction
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 8. Health Behavior and Lifestyles
  • Health Lifestyles: Background
  • Weber: Lifestyles
  • Bourdieu: Lifestyles
  • A Theory of Health Lifestyles
  • Class Circumstances
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Race and Ethnicity
  • Collectivities and Connectivities
  • Living Conditions
  • Completing the Model
  • Health Lifestyles: A Final Note on the Influence of Social Class
  • Preventive Care
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 9. Illness Behavior and the Sick Role
  • Illness as Deviance
  • Self-Care
  • Social Networks
  • Sociodemographic Variables
  • Age and Gender
  • Race
  • Black Americans
  • Hispanics
  • Health Insurance Coverage
  • Socioeconomic Status
  • Class-Based Consumerism in Health Care
  • The Sick Role
  • The Physician–Patient Role Relationship
  • Criticisms of the Sick Role
  • Medicalization/Biomedicalization
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • Part III Providing Health Care
  • 10. Physician–Patient Interaction
  • Models of Physician–Patient Interaction
  • Misunderstandings in Communication
  • Communication and Class Background
  • Male Physicians and Female Patients
  • Women Physicians
  • Cultural Differences in Communication
  • Patient Compliance/Adherence
  • The Future of Physician–Patient Relations
  • Doctor–Patient Relations and New Technology
  • The Present: Internet Medicine
  • The Present: Telemedicine
  • The Present Future: Artificial Intelligence
  • Other Developments
  • The New Genetics
  • Privacy and Gene Ownership
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 11. Physicians
  • The Professionalization of the Physician
  • The American Medical Association
  • The Control of Medical Education
  • The Socialization of the Physician
  • Osteopaths
  • The Social Hierarchy of American Medicine
  • The Hospital
  • The Clientele
  • The Inner Fraternity–Sorority
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 12. The Physician in a Changing Society
  • Social Control of Medical Practice
  • Countervailing Power
  • Government Regulation
  • Managed Care
  • The Coming of the Corporation
  • The Changing Physician–Patient Relationship
  • The Deprofessionalization of Physicians
  • The Organization of Medical Practice
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 13. Nurses, Physician Assistants, Pharmacists, and Midwives
  • Nursing Past and Present
  • The Early Development of Nursing as an Occupation
  • Florence Nightingale
  • Nursing Education
  • Nursing Students
  • Gender and the “Doctor–Nurse Game”
  • Nursing: Future Trends
  • Hospital Administration
  • The Nurse Practitioner/Clinician
  • Physician Assistants
  • Pharmacists
  • Midwives
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 14. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
  • Overview
  • Chiropractors
  • Religion and Faith Healing
  • Folk Healing
  • Black Folk Healers
  • Curanderismo Healing
  • Native American Healing: The Navajo and the Cree
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • Part IV Health-Care Delivery Systems
  • 15. Hospitals
  • The Development of the Hospital as a Social Institution
  • Hospitals as Centers of Religious Practice
  • Hospitals as Poorhouses
  • Hospitals as Death Houses
  • Hospitals as Centers of Medical Technology
  • Hospitals in the United States
  • Hospital Ownership
  • The Organization of the Non-Profit Community Hospital
  • The Hospital: Dual Authority
  • The Hospital Patient Role
  • The Rising Cost of Hospitalization
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 16. Health-Care Reform and Health Policy in the United States
  • Rising Costs
  • The Road to Health-Care Reform
  • Initial Federal Efforts
  • Johnson: Medicare and Medicaid
  • Clinton
  • The Emergence of Managed Care
  • State Efforts at Health-Care Reform
  • Enactment of the Affordable Care Act
  • Legal Challenges to the Affordable Care Act
  • Trump’s First-Term Health-Care Reforms and the Failed Repeal of the Affordable Care Act
  • Biden and the Return of Trump
  • Equity in Health Services
  • Geographic Distribution of Services
  • Overview of Health-Care Delivery
  • Fee-for-Service Health Care
  • Health Care: A Right or a Privilege?
  • Summary
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • 17. Global Health Care
  • Socialized Medicine: Canada, Britain, and Sweden
  • Canada
  • Britain
  • Sweden
  • Decentralized National Health Programs: Japan, Germany, and Mexico
  • Japan
  • Germany
  • Mexico
  • Socialist Medicine: Alterations in Russia and China
  • Russia
  • China
  • Conclusion
  • Critical Thinking Questions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • Index