Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Höfundar: Derek G. Waller; Anthony Sampson; Andrew Hitchings (Útgáfa: 6)
Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Kaup valmöguleikar

Medical Pharmacology & Therapeutics provides all the information medical and healthcare students need throughout their degree programme and beyond, including for professional qualifications such as the PSA. This all-round textbook covers basic pharmacology through to drug prescribing in clinical contexts, covering the pathogenic mechanisms of disease; drug actions, side effects, and the therapeutic principles of drug use.

It takes a helpful systems-based approach that orders information according to body systems and disease areas, rather than by drug class. Now in its sixth edition, the book has been fully updated to include latest scientific understanding of drug action and administration and current best practice in prescribing medications, informed by the latest national guidelines. A clinical focus throughout – suitable for medical, nursing and other healthcare students throughout their training Thorough update of clinically-relevant medicines to ensure best practice Information aligned with the British National Formulary (BNF), NICE guidelines and relevant professional benchmarks Comprehensive drug compendia allow all drugs to be identified and placed within their respective classes Extensive self-assessment questions to support learning and revision New to this edition Expanded discussion of the pathophysiology and management of shock Revised discussion of the management of chronic pain Consideration of treatment of Covid-19 Expanded discussion of the pathophysiology and management of shock Revised discussion of the management of chronic pain Consideration of treatment of Covid-19.

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Útgefandi
Elsevier Limited (UK)
ISBN
9780702081606
Print ISBN
9780702081590
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
6
Höfundar
Derek G. Waller; Anthony Sampson; Andrew Hitchings
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2021-10-20
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
10

Kaflar

  • Cover image
  • Title page
  • Table of Contents
  • Dedication
  • Copyright Page
  • Preface
  • Drug Dosage and Nomenclature
  • List of Tables
  • Chapter 1: Principles of Pharmacology and Mechanisms of Drug Action
  • Chapter Outline
  • STUDYING PHARMACOLOGY
  • RECEPTORS AND RECEPTOR-MEDIATED MECHANISMS
  • PROPERTIES OF DRUG ACTION
  • TYPES OF DRUG ACTION
  • TOLERANCE TO DRUG EFFECTS
  • GENETIC VARIATION IN DRUG RESPONSES
  • SUMMARY
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 2: Pharmacokinetics
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS
  • ABSORPTION
  • DISTRIBUTION
  • ELIMINATION
  • THE MATHEMATICAL BASIS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS
  • PHARMACOKINETICS OF BIOLOGICAL DRUGS
  • GENETIC VARIATION AND PHARMACOKINETICS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 3: Drug Discovery, Safety and Efficacy
  • Chapter Outline
  • DRUG DISCOVERY
  • DRUG APPROVAL
  • ESTABLISHING SAFETY AND EFFICACY
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 4: Neurotransmission and the Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS
  • PRINCIPLES OF NEUROTRANSMISSION
  • THE PERIPHERAL AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND NORADRENERGIC TRANSMISSION
  • THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION
  • OTHER TRANSMITTERS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 5: Ischaemic Heart Disease
  • Chapter Outline
  • MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION
  • CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHAEMIA
  • DRUGS FOR TREATING ANGINA
  • MANAGEMENT OF STABLE ANGINA
  • MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 6: Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension
  • Chapter Outline
  • SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION
  • ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
  • PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 7: Heart Failure and Shock
  • Chapter Outline
  • MAINTENANCE OF CARDIAC OUTPUT
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE
  • SHOCK
  • INOTROPIC AND SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE AND SHOCK
  • MANAGEMENT OF HEART FAILURE
  • MANAGEMENT OF SHOCK
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 8: Cardiac Arrhythmias
  • Chapter Outline
  • BASIC CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
  • MECHANISMS OF TACHYARRHYTHMOGENESIS
  • MECHANISMS OF ACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
  • DRUG TREATMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 9: Cerebrovascular Disease and Dementia
  • Chapter Outline
  • STROKE
  • SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE
  • DEMENTIA
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 10: Peripheral Artery Disease
  • Chapter Outline
  • ATHEROMATOUS PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
  • ACUTE AND CRITICAL LIMB ISCHAEMIA
  • RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 11: Haemostasis
  • Chapter Outline
  • PLATELETS AND PLATELET AGGREGATION
  • BLOOD COAGULATION AND THE COAGULATION CASCADE
  • ANTIPLATELET DRUGS
  • CLINICAL USES OF ANTIPLATELET DRUGS
  • ANTICOAGULANT DRUGS
  • CLINICAL USES OF ANTICOAGULANTS
  • THE FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM
  • CLINICAL USES OF ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC AND HAEMOSTATIC AGENTS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 12: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  • Chapter Outline
  • ASTHMA
  • CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
  • DRUGS FOR ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
  • MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA
  • MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 13: Respiratory Disorders: Cough, Respiratory Stimulants, Cystic Fibrosis, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  • Chapter Outline
  • COUGH
  • RESPIRATORY STIMULANTS (ANALEPTIC DRUGS)
  • CYSTIC FIBROSIS
  • IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS
  • NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 14: Diuretics
  • Chapter Outline
  • FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY
  • DIURETIC DRUGS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 15: Disorders of Micturition
  • Chapter Outline
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MICTURITION
  • OVERACTIVE BLADDER AND URGE URINARY INCONTINENCE
  • HYPOTONIC BLADDER
  • URETHRAL SPHINCTER INCOMPETENCE
  • LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS IN MEN AND BENIGN PROSTATE ENLARGEMENT
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • EXTENDED-MATCHING-ITEM ANSWERS
  • Chapter 16: Erectile Dysfunction
  • Chapter Outline
  • PHYSIOLOGY OF ERECTION
  • DRUGS FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
  • MANAGEMENT OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
  • PREMATURE EJACULATION
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 17: General Anaesthetics
  • Chapter Outline
  • ~
  • MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF GENERAL ANAESTHETICS
  • DRUGS USED IN ANAESTHESIA
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 18: Local Anaesthetics
  • Chapter Outline
  • PHARMACOLOGY
  • TECHNIQUES OF ADMINISTRATION
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 19: Opioid Analgesics and the Management of Pain
  • Chapter Outline
  • PAIN AND PAIN PERCEPTION
  • ANALGESIC DRUGS
  • PAIN MANAGEMENT
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 20: Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Insomnia
  • Chapter Outline
  • ANXIETY DISORDERS
  • OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
  • INSOMNIA
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 21: Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
  • Chapter Outline
  • SCHIZOPHRENIA
  • ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
  • MANIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER
  • MOOD-STABILISING DRUGS FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER
  • MANAGEMENT OF BIPOLAR DISORDER
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 22: Depression, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Narcolepsy
  • Chapter Outline
  • DEPRESSION
  • ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND NARCOLEPSY
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 23: Seizures and Epilepsy
  • Chapter Outline
  • PATHOLOGICAL BASIS OF SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY
  • ANTISEIZURE DRUGS
  • MANAGEMENT OF EPILEPSY
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 24: Extrapyramidal Movement Disorders and Spasticity
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE BASAL GANGLIA AND CONTROL OF MOTOR FUNCTION
  • PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND RELATED SYNDROMES
  • DRUGS FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE
  • MANAGEMENT OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND RELATED SYNDROMES
  • OTHER INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT DISORDERS (DYSKINESIAS)
  • MANAGEMENT OF DYSKINESIAS AND DYSTONIAS
  • SPASTICITY
  • MANAGEMENT OF SPASTICITY
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 25: Other Neurological Disorders: Multiple Sclerosis, Motor Neuron Disease and Guillain–Barré Syndrome
  • Chapter Outline
  • MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
  • MOTOR NEURON DISEASE
  • GUILLAIN–BARRÉ SYNDROME
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 26: Migraine and Other Headaches
  • Chapter Outline
  • ~
  • MIGRAINE
  • PATHOGENESIS OF MIGRAINE
  • DRUGS FOR MIGRAINE
  • MANAGEMENT OF MIGRAINE AND OTHER HEADACHES
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 27: The Neuromuscular Junction and Neuromuscular Blockade
  • Chapter Outline
  • NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION
  • DRUGS ACTING AT THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
  • INDICATIONS FOR NEUROMUSCULAR-BLOCKING DRUGS
  • ANTAGONISING NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCK
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 28: Myasthenia Gravis
  • Chapter Outline
  • `
  • ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (AChE) INHIBITORS
  • MANAGEMENT OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
  • LAMBERT–EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 29: Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE ROLE OF CYCLOOXYGENASE ENZYMES IN THE ACTIONS OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
  • NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs)
  • INDICATIONS FOR USING NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 30: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Other Inflammatory Arthritides and Osteoarthritis
  • Chapter Outline
  • RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
  • OTHER TYPES OF INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS: THE SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES
  • DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS
  • MANAGEMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
  • MANAGEMENT OF SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES
  • OSTEOARTHRITIS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 31: Hyperuricaemia, Gout and Pseudogout
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GOUT
  • DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF GOUT AND PREVENTION OF HYPERURICAEMIA
  • TREATMENT OF GOUT
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 32: Nausea and Vomiting
  • Chapter Outline
  • NAUSEA AND VOMITING
  • VERTIGO
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 33: Dyspepsia, Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastrooesophageal Reflux Disease
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE SPECTRUM OF DISEASE
  • CONTROL OF GASTRIC ACID SECRETION
  • DRUGS FOR TREATING DYSPEPSIA, PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTROOESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
  • MANAGEMENT OF DYSPEPSIA, PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTROOESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 34: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Chapter Outline
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • DRUGS FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
  • MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 35: Constipation, Diarrhoea and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • Chapter Outline
  • CONSTIPATION
  • DIARRHOEA
  • IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 36: Liver Disease
  • Chapter Outline
  • ACUTE LIVER FAILURE
  • CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS
  • AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS
  • PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS
  • CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS
  • COMPLICATIONS OF DECOMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 37: Obesity
  • Chapter Outline
  • PATHOGENESIS OF OBESITY
  • DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF OBESITY
  • MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ONE-BEST-ANSWER (OBA) QUESTION
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 38: The Immune Response and Immunosuppressant Drugs
  • Chapter Outline
  • BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
  • IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT DRUGS
  • IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN INFLAMMATORY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
  • IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
  • LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 39: Antihistamines and Allergic Disease
  • Chapter Outline
  • ATOPY, ALLERGIC DISORDERS AND ANAPHYLAXIS
  • HISTAMINE AS AN AUTACOID IN HOST DEFENCE
  • HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS (ANTIHISTAMINES)
  • MANAGEMENT OF ALLERGIC DISORDERS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 40: Diabetes Mellitus
  • Chapter Outline
  • CONTROL OF BLOOD GLUCOSE
  • DIABETES MELLITUS
  • INSULIN AND INSULIN ANALOGUES FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
  • OTHER PARENTERAL GLUCOSE-LOWERING DRUGS
  • ORAL GLUCOSE-LOWERING DRUGS
  • DRUGS TO INCREASE PLASMA GLUCOSE LEVELS
  • MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
  • MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 41: The Thyroid and Control of Metabolic Rate
  • Chapter Outline
  • THYROID FUNCTION
  • THYROTOXICOSIS
  • HYPOTHYROIDISM
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 42: Calcium Metabolism and Metabolic Bone Disease
  • Chapter Outline
  • PHYSIOLOGY OF BONE TURNOVER
  • HYPERCALCAEMIA
  • HYPOCALCAEMIA
  • METABOLIC BONE DISEASE
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 43: Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones
  • Chapter Outline
  • ANTERIOR PITUITARY AND RELATED HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES
  • POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
  • HYPOPITUITARISM
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 44: Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids)
  • Chapter Outline
  • CORTICOSTEROID HORMONES
  • GLUCOCORTICOIDS
  • MINERALOCORTICOIDS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 45: Female Reproduction
  • Chapter Outline
  • PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
  • PHYSIOLOGY OF PREGNANCY
  • STEROIDAL CONTRACEPTIVES
  • THE MENOPAUSE
  • PREGNANCY AND LABOUR
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 46: Androgens, Antiandrogens and Anabolic Steroids
  • Chapter Outline
  • ANDROGENS AND ANABOLIC STEROIDS
  • ANABOLIC STEROIDS
  • ANTIANDROGENS
  • 5α-REDUCTASE INHIBITORS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 47: Anaemia and Haematopoietic Colony-Stimulating Factors
  • Chapter Outline
  • ANAEMIA
  • NEUTROPENIA
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 48: Lipid Disorders
  • Chapter Outline
  • LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS
  • FORMATION OF ATHEROMA
  • DRUGS FOR HYPERLIPIDAEMIAS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 49: Skin Disorders
  • Chapter Outline
  • VEHICLES FOR TOPICAL SKIN APPLICATIONS
  • ATOPIC AND CONTACT DERMATITIS
  • PSORIASIS
  • ACNE VULGARIS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 50: The Eye
  • Chapter Outline
  • Regulation of visual acuity, pupil size and aqueous humour
  • Accommodation
  • Pupil Size
  • Drainage of Aqueous Humour
  • TOPICAL APPLICATION OF DRUGS TO THE EYE
  • MYDRIATIC AND CYCLOPLEGIC DRUGS
  • GLAUCOMA
  • OTHER DRUGS ADMINISTERED TOPICALLY TO THE EYE
  • DRY EYE SYNDROME
  • AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
  • DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 51: Drugs for Infections
  • Chapter Outline
  • ~
  • BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
  • FUNGAL INFECTIONS
  • VIRAL INFECTIONS
  • PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS
  • HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 52: Drugs for Cancer
  • Chapter Outline
  • ~
  • THE BIOLOGY OF CANCER
  • CYTOTOXIC ANTICANCER DRUGS
  • SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC ANTICANCER DRUGS
  • TARGETED ANTICANCER DRUGS
  • CLINICAL USES OF ANTICANCER DRUGS
  • ANTICANCER DRUG THERAPY FOR SPECIFIC MALIGNANCIES
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 53: Drug Toxicity and Overdose
  • Chapter Outline
  • ~
  • DRUG TOXICITY AND ADVERSE EFFECTS
  • SELF-POISONING AND DRUG OVERDOSE
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 54: Substance Abuse and Dependence
  • Chapter Outline
  • THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF DEPENDENCE
  • DRUGS OF ABUSE
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Chapter 55: Prescribing, Adherence and Information About Medicines
  • Chapter Outline
  • ~
  • DUTIES OF THE PRESCRIBER
  • GENERIC PRESCRIBING
  • DOSAGE
  • ADHERENCE, CONCORDANCE AND COMPLIANCE
  • INFORMING PEOPLE ABOUT THEIR MEDICINES
  • RATIONAL PRESCRIBING
  • THE PRESCRIBING SAFETY ASSESSMENT (PSA)
  • Chapter 56: Drug Therapy in Special Situations
  • Chapter Outline
  • PRESCRIBING IN PREGNANCY
  • DRUGS AND BREASTFEEDING
  • PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN
  • PRESCRIBING FOR OLDER PEOPLE
  • PRESCRIBING IN RENAL FAILURE
  • PRESCRIBING IN LIVER DISEASE
  • PRESCRIBING IN PALLIATIVE CARE
  • DRUG INTERACTIONS
  • SELF-ASSESSMENT
  • ANSWERS
  • Index