Manual of High Risk Pregnancy and Delivery

Höfundur: Elizabeth S. Gilbert (Útgáfa: 5)
Manual of High Risk Pregnancy and Delivery

Kaup valmöguleikar

The only book of its kind, Manual of High Risk Pregnancy & Delivery provides a complete resource for care of this special patient and her complex needs. It helps you provide positive outcomes with coverage of today's newest technology, physiologic considerations, psychologic implications, health disorders, and other complications in pregnancy. Written by noted educator and practitioner Elizabeth Stepp Gilbert, RNC, MS, FNP-BC, CNS, this book also describes how to screen for risk factors, provide preventive management, and intervene appropriately when problems arise.

It's a concise, hands-on reference for both inpatient and outpatient settings! Updated evidence-based content includes the latest AHWONN standards of practice. Patient safety and risk management strategies include updated approaches to improving outcomes, reducing complications, and increasing patient safety during high risk pregnancy and delivery. New Venous Thromboembolic Disease chapter provides current information on this increasingly common condition.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Elsevier Health Sciences (US)
ISBN
9780323085106
Print ISBN
9780323072533
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
5
Höfundar
Elizabeth S. Gilbert
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2010-06-01
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
10

Kaflar

  • Manual of High Risk Pregnancy & Delivery
  • Cover
  • Front Matter
  • Manual of High Risk Pregnancy & Delivery
  • Table of Contents
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • List of Illustrations
  • List of Tables
  • Chapter 1 : Physiologic and Nutritional Adaptations to Pregnancy
  • ADAPTATIONS
  • Cardiovascular
  • Respiratory
  • Hematologic
  • Renal
  • Gastrointestinal
  • Metabolic
  • DEVELOPMENT OF THE MATERNAL-FETAL UNIT
  • Embryo
  • Placenta
  • Amniotic Fluid
  • Origin
  • Functions
  • Fetus
  • EXERCISE AND BEDREST
  • Kegel Exercise
  • Abdominal Breathing
  • Bridging
  • Curl-Ups
  • Leg Sliding
  • Modified Leg Raises
  • Abduction
  • Ankle Circles
  • Arm Lifts
  • ANTEPARTUM NUTRITION
  • Nutrient Needs
  • Protein: Body’s Basic Building Blocks
  • Carbohydrates: Provide Energy
  • Fat: Promotes Proper Central Nervous System Development
  • Iron
  • Folate
  • Zinc
  • Sodium
  • Calcium
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
  • Fluids
  • Assessment
  • Prepregnancy Weight Status: Underweight or Overweight
  • Weight Gain for Singleton Pregnancy
  • Weight Gain in Multifetal Pregnancy
  • Food Groups
  • Referrals
  • Hyperphenylalaninemia
  • Hyperemesis Gravidarum
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • General
  • Exercise and Bedrest
  • Nutrition
  • Hyperemesis Gravidarum
  • Chapter 2 : General Nursing Assessment of the High Risk Expectant Family
  • ANTEPARTUM NURSING ASSESSMENT
  • Health Perception and Health Management Pattern (i.e., the perceived or actual prenatal risks)
  • Individual Assessment (Ask questions in all of the following areas)
  • Family Assessment
  • Community Assessment
  • Cultural Practice Assessment
  • Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern
  • Individual Assessment
  • Family Assessment
  • Community Assessment
  • Cultural Practices Assessment
  • Elimination Pattern
  • Individual Assessment
  • Family Assessment
  • Pest Control and Garbage Disposal
  • Community Assessment
  • Cultural Practices Assessment
  • Activity and Exercise Pattern
  • Individual Assessment
  • Family Assessment
  • Community Assessment
  • Cultural Practices Assessment
  • Sleep-Rest Pattern
  • Individual Assessment
  • Family Assessment
  • Community Assessment
  • Cultural Practices Assessment
  • Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern
  • Individual Assessment
  • Family Assessment (Family’s decision-making process and pattern of communication)
  • Community Assessment
  • Cultural Practices Assessment
  • Self-Perception/Self-Concept Pattern
  • Individual Assessment
  • Family Assessment
  • Community Assessment
  • Cultural Practices Assessment
  • Role-Relationship Pattern
  • Individual Assessment
  • Family Assessment
  • Community Assessment
  • Cultural Practices Assessment
  • Sexuality and Reproductive Pattern
  • Individual Assessment
  • Family Assessment
  • Community Assessment
  • Cultural Practices Assessment
  • Coping and Stress-Tolerance Pattern
  • Individual Assessment
  • Perceived life stressors
  • Losses experienced
  • Coping mechanisms used
  • Perception of support system
  • Family Assessment
  • Community Assessment
  • Cultural Practices Assessment
  • ANTEPARTUM DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
  • Laboratory Studies
  • Complete Blood Cell Count
  • Urine Culture
  • ABO and Rho (D) Blood Typing
  • Antibody Screen
  • Rubella/Rubeola/Varicella Screen
  • Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (RPR or VDRL)
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Hepatitis B Virus Screen
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Screening
  • Glucose Test for Gestational Diabetes
  • Papanicolaou (Pap) Test
  • Purified Protein Derivative Test for Tuberculosis
  • Group B Streptococcus Screening
  • Maternal Serum Markers Screen
  • Antepartum Ultrasound
  • ANTEPARTUM PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT
  • Maternal Weight
  • Fundus Height
  • Blood Pressure
  • Physiologic/Pathologic Edema
  • Urine Dipstick Test
  • Fetal Heart Rate
  • Fetal Movement
  • Risk Evaluation ( ICSI, 2008 )
  • HIGH RISK FACTORS
  • Vaccination Risk
  • Genetic Risk
  • Demographic Characteristics
  • Geographic Location
  • Socioeconomic Status
  • Educational Attainment
  • Marital Status
  • Maternal Age
  • Racial and Ethnic Origins
  • Occupational Hazards and Environmental Exposures
  • Behavioral Characteristics
  • Preconception and Prenatal Care
  • Substance Abuse
  • Nutritional Status
  • Dental Hygiene
  • Abuse and Violence
  • Multiples
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 3 : Assessment of Fetal Well-Being
  • PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF FETAL OXYGENATION
  • Maternal Circulatory and Cardiovascular Adaptation
  • UTEROPLACENTAL-FETAL EXCHANGE ∗
  • Fetal Capabilities for Maintaining Health
  • Function of Amniotic Fluid Related to Evaluation of Fetal Heart Rate
  • PHYSIOLOGIC BASIS OF FETAL HEART RATE CONTROL
  • Central Nervous System Control
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
  • FETAL HEART RATE MONITORING
  • Electronic Monitoring
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Cesarean Section
  • Legal Implications
  • Intermittent Auscultation
  • Instrumentation and Application of Fetal Monitoring Methods
  • External (Indirect) Monitoring
  • External contraction monitoring
  • Advantages
  • Limitations
  • External fetal heart rate monitoring
  • Advantages
  • Limitations
  • Internal (Direct) Monitoring
  • Intrauterine pressure catheter
  • Fetal spiral electrode
  • Advantages
  • Limitations
  • Other Features on Monitors
  • Fetal Monitoring Terms
  • Category I
  • Category II
  • Category III
  • Can Category I, Category II, and Category III Be Applied to Intermittent Auscultation?
  • Category I— Normal
  • Category II— Indeterminate
  • Category III— Abnormal
  • Fetal Heart Rate
  • Baseline Fetal Heart Rate
  • Baseline Variability
  • Fetal Arrhythmia and Artifact
  • Fetal Heart Rate Patterns and Periodic Rate Changes
  • ANTEPARTUM AND INTRAPARTUM FETAL SURVEILLANCE
  • Definition
  • Procedure
  • Interpretation
  • Reactive
  • Nonreactive
  • Management
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Definition
  • Procedure
  • I nterpretation
  • Reactive
  • Advantages
  • Additional Information
  • Definition
  • Procedure
  • Interpretation
  • Management
  • Gestational Influences
  • Fetal Behavior
  • Definition
  • Procedure
  • Initiation of Contractions with Nipple Stimulation
  • Stimulation of Contractions with Oxytocin
  • Interpretation
  • Negative ( Fig. 3-14 )
  • Equivocal
  • Positive ( Fig. 3-16 )
  • Management
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Definition
  • Procedure
  • Interpretation
  • Definition
  • Procedure
  • Interpretation ( Harman, 2009 )
  • Scoring
  • Advantages
  • Definition
  • Interpretation ( Shaffer & Parer, 2007 )
  • Definition
  • Procedure
  • Interpretation
  • Fetal Oxygen Saturation Monitoring with Fetal Pulse Oximetry Assessment During Labor
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Assessments
  • Antepartum
  • Intrapartum
  • Low risk patients
  • High risk patients
  • Interventions
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Electronic Fetal Monitoring
  • Antepartum Fetal Surveillance
  • Fetal Oxygenation Saturation
  • Chapter 4 : Perinatal Screening, Diagnoses, and Fetal Therapies
  • PRENATAL GENETIC SCREENING
  • Purpose
  • Indications
  • Resources
  • SCREENING METHODS
  • Second Trimester Screening
  • Definition
  • Timing
  • Method
  • Interpretation of Results
  • First Trimester Screening
  • Definition
  • Timing
  • Interpretation of Results
  • Combining First and Second Trimester Screening
  • ULTRASOUND EVALUATION FOR FETAL ABNORMALITIES
  • PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
  • Chorionic Villus Sampling
  • Definition
  • Routes
  • Risks
  • Timing
  • Procedure for Abdominal Route
  • Procedure for Transcervical Route
  • Interpretation of Results for Transabdominal and Transcervical Routes
  • Postprocedure Care
  • Amniocentesis
  • Definition
  • Timing
  • Risks
  • Preparation
  • Procedure
  • Interpretation of Results
  • Postprocedural Care
  • Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling
  • Purpose
  • Risks
  • Timing
  • Method
  • Interpretation of Results
  • Postprocedure Care
  • OTHER INVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC FETAL PROCEDURES
  • Skin Biopsy
  • Purpose
  • Method
  • Postprocedure Care
  • Muscle Biopsy
  • Purpose
  • Method
  • Timing
  • Postprocedure Care
  • Kidney Biopsy
  • Purpose
  • Method
  • Timing
  • Postprocedure Care
  • Urine Aspiration
  • Purpose
  • Method
  • Timing
  • Postprocedure Care
  • Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
  • Purpose
  • Method
  • Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis
  • Procedure
  • Method
  • Timing
  • PRENATAL THERAPY
  • Fetal Intrauterine Transfusion
  • Definition
  • Purpose
  • Risks
  • Method
  • Postprocedure Care
  • Fetal Intrauterine Surgery
  • Definition
  • Methods
  • Risks
  • Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction
  • Definition
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Assessment
  • Intervention
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 5 : Integrative Therapies in Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SELECTED INTEGRATIVE THERAPIES IN PREGNANCY
  • Alternative Medical Systems
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Acupuncture
  • Homeopathy
  • Mind-Body Interventions
  • Aromatherapy
  • Hypnotherapy
  • Spiritual Healing and Prayer
  • Yoga
  • Biologic-Based Therapies
  • Herbal Medicine
  • Nutritional Therapy
  • Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
  • Chiropractic
  • Massage Therapy
  • Osteopathy
  • Energy Therapies
  • Cranial Sacral Therapy
  • Polarity
  • MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN PREGNANCY
  • Hyperemesis
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Homeopathic Approaches
  • Hypnotherapy
  • Herbal Therapy
  • Nutritional Therapy
  • Cranial Sacral and Polarity Therapy
  • Breech Presentation
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Homeopathy
  • Hypnotherapy
  • Constipation
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Aromatherapy
  • Yoga and Exercise
  • Herbal Therapy
  • Nutritional Therapy
  • Massage Therapy
  • Mental and Emotional Problems
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Homeopathy
  • Aromatherapy
  • Hypnotherapy
  • Spiritual Healing and Prayer
  • Yoga
  • Herbal Therapy
  • Cranial Sacral and Polarity Therapy
  • Nutritional Therapy
  • Low Back Pain
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Yoga and Exercise
  • Herbal Medicine
  • Nutritional Therapy
  • Chiropractic
  • Massage and Bodywork
  • Osteopathy
  • Hypertensive Disorders
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Nutritional Therapy
  • Yoga and Exercise
  • Herbal Therapy
  • Massage Therapy
  • Preterm Labor
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Hypnotherapy
  • Induction of Labor
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Homeopathy
  • Herbal Therapy
  • Analgesia in Labor
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Hydrotherapy
  • Herbal Therapy
  • Aromatherapy
  • Homeopathy
  • Massage Therapy
  • Addictions
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Hypnotherapy
  • Postpartum Bleeding
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Herbal Therapy
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • General
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Relaxation Therapy
  • Massage and Bodywork
  • Yoga
  • Homeopathy
  • Aromatherapy
  • Western Herbs
  • Chapter 6 : Psychologic Adaptations
  • ATTACHMENT
  • Maternal
  • Paternal
  • Influencing Factors
  • Tactile
  • Verbal
  • Visual
  • Entrainment
  • Synchrony
  • MATERNAL TASKS
  • Pregnancy Acceptance
  • Establishing a Relationship with the Fetus
  • Role Transition
  • PATERNAL TASKS
  • Announcement Phase
  • Moratorium Phase
  • Focusing Phase
  • HIGH RISK STRESSORS
  • Situational and Maturational Stressors
  • Hospitalization Stressors
  • PSYCHOLOGIC RESPONSES TO A HIGH RISK PREGNANCY
  • Anxiety
  • Threat to Self-Esteem
  • Self-Blaming
  • Frustration
  • Conflict
  • Crisis
  • HORMONAL RESPONSE TO A HIGH RISK PREGNANCY
  • HIGH RISK ADAPTATION
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT DURING A HIGH RISK PREGNANCY
  • Prevention
  • Assessment
  • Health-Perception and Health-Management Pattern
  • Nutritional and Metabolic Pattern
  • Elimination Pattern
  • Activity and Exercise Pattern
  • Sleep and Rest Pattern
  • Cognitive and Perceptual Pattern
  • Self-Perception and Self-Concept Pattern
  • Role and Relationship Pattern
  • Sexuality and Reproductive Pattern
  • Coping and Stress-Tolerance Pattern
  • Value and Belief Pattern
  • Nursing Interventions to Allay Fear and Facilitate Coping During a High Risk Pregnancy
  • Nursing Interventions to Enhance Self-Esteem During a High Risk Pregnancy
  • Nursing Interventions to Promote Family Processes During a High Risk Pregnancy
  • Diversional Activity Interventions During a High Risk Pregnancy
  • PRENATAL DEPRESSION
  • Definition
  • Screening
  • POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION
  • Definition
  • Types
  • Differential Diagnoses of Postpartum Depression
  • Neonatal Effects
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Management of Baby Blues
  • Screening for Postpartum Depression
  • Instructions to the Provider or Nurse Administering the Screen
  • Scoring
  • Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Tool
  • Instructions to the Patient
  • Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression
  • Dysphoria
  • Useful Question for Screening
  • Anhedonia
  • Useful Questions for Screening
  • Insomnia or Hypersomnia
  • Useful Question for Screening
  • Poor Concentration or Indecisiveness
  • Useful Questions for Screening
  • TREATMENT OF PRENATAL AND POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION
  • Pharmacologic Considerations During Pregnancy and Lactation
  • Nursing Management
  • Prevention
  • Assessment and Interventions for Postpartum Depression
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 7 : Perinatal Death and Bereavement Care
  • BRIEF HISTORY OF PERINATAL BEREAVEMENT CARE
  • CONTINUING DEVELOPMENT OF BEREAVEMENT CARE
  • Overview of the Grieving Process
  • CONTACT WITH THE BABY’S BODY
  • PLIDA Practice Guidelines: When Bereaved Parents Want to Hold Their Baby
  • Related PLIDA Position Statements:
  • Guidelines for the Bereavement Care Provider
  • PLIDA Practice Guidelines: Offering the Baby to Bereaved Parents
  • Related PLIDA Position Statements:
  • Guidelines for the Bereavement Care Provider
  • SUPPORT DURING SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY
  • CUTTING-EDGE TOPICS IN PERINATAL BEREAVEMENT CARE
  • Perinatal Hospice Care after Prenatal Diagnosis of a Life-Limiting Condition
  • Palliative Care for the Dying Baby
  • After-Death Care in the Home
  • Pregnancy Loss and Infant Death Alliance Practice Guidelines
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 8 : Ethical Decision Making
  • VALUES CLARIFICATION
  • Process of Valuing
  • Choosing
  • Prizing
  • Acting
  • MORAL JUDGMENT DEVELOPMENT
  • Stages
  • Preconventional Level
  • Stage 1
  • Stage 2
  • Conventional Level
  • Stage 3
  • Stage 4
  • Postconventional Level
  • Stage 5
  • Stage 6
  • Qualities
  • FRAMEWORK FOR ETHICS
  • Definitions
  • Ethics
  • Metaethics
  • Normative Ethics
  • Ethical Principles
  • MODEL FOR ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
  • Characteristics of Ethical Dilemmas
  • Theories in Ethics
  • Teleology
  • Deontology
  • Moral Relativism
  • Steps in Decision Making
  • Identify the Problem
  • Identify the Values, Issues, or Ethical Dilemmas, and Make a Concise Statement of the Problem and Conflicts in Values
  • Examine and Categorize the Alternatives
  • Predict the Possible Consequences for Those Acceptable Alternatives
  • Prioritize Acceptable Alternatives
  • Nursing Responsibility
  • Caring
  • Conscience Clauses
  • PATIENT SELF-DETERMINATION ACT
  • ADVANCE DIRECTIVE
  • ETHICS COMMITTEE
  • CLINICAL EXAMPLES OF ETHICAL DILEMMAS
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 9 : Legal Issues and Risk Management
  • MALPRACTICE INSURANCE
  • REASONS PARENTS SUE
  • LITIGATION RISK
  • Failure to Keep Current
  • Inadequate Supervision
  • Inadequate Communication
  • Patient/Family and Nurse
  • Patient education and childbirth preparation
  • Telephone advice
  • Amount of information
  • Nurse to Physician
  • Verbal Orders
  • Refusal or Inability to Comply
  • MID-LEVEL PROVIDERS
  • EFFECT OF INCREASED LITIGATION ON HEALTH CARE
  • SYSTEMS OF LAW
  • Martial Law
  • Military Law
  • Criminal Law
  • Civil Law
  • Duty
  • Breach of Duty
  • Proximate Cause
  • Damages
  • LITIGATION SEQUENCE
  • NURSE’S DEPOSITION
  • Players
  • Process
  • Swearing In
  • Introductory Questioning
  • Questioning Regarding the Case
  • Helpful Guidelines
  • TRIAL
  • Players
  • Process
  • Prevention
  • Practice Statements
  • Policy Statements
  • Staff
  • Equipment
  • Suggested Organization of Policy and Procedure
  • Policy Revision
  • Monitoring Quality Assurance
  • Risk Management Plan for Problematic Perinatal Clinical Risks
  • Sources of Liability ( Simpson and Knox, 2003 )
  • Documentation
  • Documentation in Maternal Record
  • Storage
  • Purpose of Documentation
  • PERINATAL SAFETY NURSE
  • EXPERT WITNESS
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 10 : Diabetes
  • INCIDENCE
  • CAUSES
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • Hyperinsulinemia: Increased Insulin Production
  • Increased Tissue Resistance to Insulin
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • Pregestational Diabetes
  • Women with Gestational Diabetes
  • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • Gestational Diabetes
  • Pregestational Diabetes
  • Ketoacidosis
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • Spontaneous Abortion
  • Preeclampsia
  • Preterm Labor
  • Polyhydramnios
  • Infection
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • Cesarean or Instrumental Birth and Induction
  • Retinopathy
  • Hypoglycemia
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Congenital Defects
  • Macrosomia
  • Intrauterine Growth Restriction
  • Intrauterine Fetal Death
  • Ketoacidosis
  • Delayed Lung Maturity
  • Neonatal Hypoglycemia
  • Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
  • Neonatal Polycythemia
  • Learning Disabilities
  • Childhood Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Later in Life
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 and Type 2
  • Gestational Diabetes
  • Two-Step Approach: Glucose Challenge Test
  • One-Step Approach: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
  • Two- or Three-Hour Glucose Tolerance Test
  • Detection of Maternal Complications
  • Glycosylated Hemoglobin
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Preconception Management
  • Hypertension
  • Dyslipidemia
  • Platelet Aggregation
  • Autonomic Neuropathy
  • Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy
  • Nephropathy
  • Retinopathy
  • Antepartum Glycemic Management
  • Blood Glucose Monitoring
  • Urine Testing
  • Ketones
  • Sugar
  • Insulin Management
  • Types of insulin
  • Insulin classifications
  • Insulin dosage
  • Dosage distribution
  • Insulin pump
  • Dosage adjustments
  • Insulin Therapy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
  • Oral glucose-lowering agents
  • Diet Management
  • Exercise Recommendations
  • Maternal Surveillance with Preexisting Diabetes
  • Antepartum Fetal Surveillance
  • Ultrasound
  • Alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
  • Fetal biophysical tests
  • Amniocentesis
  • Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • Preterm Labor Management
  • Intrapartum Management
  • Insulin Infusion
  • Continuous insulin infusion
  • Intermittent subcutaneous insulin
  • Cesarean Birth
  • Postpartum Management
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Preconception Nursing Interventions for Diabetes ∗
  • Goals
  • Physical Examination
  • Psychosocial Assessment
  • Laboratory Evaluation
  • Education Regarding Interaction of Family Planning, Diabetes, and Pregnancy
  • Education in Self-Management
  • Nursing Interventions for Diabetes During Pregnancy
  • Health Perception Functional Health Pattern
  • Nutrition Functional Health Pattern—Medical Nutritional Therapy ( ADA, 2008 )
  • Elimination Functional Health Pattern
  • Sleep and Rest Functional Health Pattern
  • Activity and Exercise Functional Health Pattern ∗
  • Self-Perception Functional Health Pattern
  • Role Relationship Functional Health Pattern
  • Sexuality Functional Health Pattern
  • Coping Functional Health Pattern
  • Cognitive Functional Health Pattern
  • Breastfeeding Effects on Insulin
  • Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
  • Hypoglycemia Management
  • Sick-Day Rule
  • Teaching points
  • Critical Care Intervention for Perinatal Ketoacidosis (DKA) ∗
  • Intrapartum Nursing Interventions for Diabetes
  • Postpartum Nursing Interventions for Types 1 and 2 Diabetes
  • Postpartum Nursing Interventions for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
  • Glucose Tolerance Test
  • Test Preparation
  • Normal Results
  • Impaired Glucose Tolerance Results
  • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Results
  • Follow-Up
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 11 : Cardiac Disease
  • INCIDENCE
  • ETIOLOGY
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • Antepartum
  • Cardiac Output
  • Blood Volume
  • Hormonal Influences
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Venous Pressure
  • Heart
  • Inferior Vena Cava
  • Intrapartum
  • Postpartum
  • Pathophysiology
  • Stroke Volume
  • Contractility
  • Preload
  • Afterload
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Group 1: Mortality Less than 1%
  • Group 2: Mortality 5% to 20%
  • Group 3: Mortality Approximately 50%
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • General Management
  • Drug Therapy
  • Heparin
  • Furosemide
  • Digitalis
  • Tocolytics
  • Beta-Blockers
  • Quinidine
  • Disopyramide Phosphate
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Tertiary Prevention
  • Nursing Interventions for Prevention of Cardiac Decompensation
  • Nursing Interventions for Early Detection of Preterm Labor
  • Nursing Interventions for Anticipatory Grieving
  • Critical Care Nursing Interventions
  • Postpartum Nursing Interventions
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 12 : Renal Disease
  • INCIDENCE
  • Infection
  • Urethral and Renal Calculi
  • Acute Renal Failure
  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • ETIOLOGY
  • Infection
  • Urethral and Renal Calculi
  • Acute Renal Failure
  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • Infection
  • Calculi
  • Acute Renal Failure
  • Nitrogenous Waste Buildup
  • Electrolyte Imbalance
  • Fluid Imbalance
  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • Infections
  • Acute Renal Failure
  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • Infection
  • Calculi
  • Acute Renal Failure
  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • General Management
  • Infection
  • Urethral and Renal Calculi
  • Acute Renal Failure
  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • End-Stage Renal Disease
  • Drug Therapy
  • Antimicrobials
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Diuretics
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Nursing Interventions for Renal Disease
  • Critical Care for Acute Renal Failure ∗
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 13 : Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
  • INCIDENCE
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • ETIOLOGY
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • Clinical Criteria
  • Laboratory Criteria
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • General Management
  • Other Management
  • Drug Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • General Management
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Secondary and Tertiary Prevention
  • Prenatal Nursing Interventions for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Postpartum Nursing Interventions for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Prenatal Nursing Interventions for Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • Intrapartum Nursing Interventions for Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • Postpartum Nursing Interventions for Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • Intrapartum Critical Care Interventions for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 14 : Venous Thromboembolic Disease
  • INCIDENCE
  • ETIOLOGY
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Thromboprophylaxis
  • Acute Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
  • Heparin Therapy
  • Low-molecular-weight heparin
  • Unfractionated heparin
  • Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Nursing Interventions for Antepartum Anticoagulation Therapy
  • Intrapartum and Postpartum Management of Patients on Heparin
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 15 : Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Distress
  • INCIDENCE
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Asthma
  • Respiratory Infections
  • Respiratory Emergencies
  • ETIOLOGY
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • General Signs of Respiratory Distress
  • Dyspnea
  • Leukocytosis
  • Cough
  • Other Signs
  • Asthma Exacerbations Signs
  • Anaphylactoid Syndrome of Pregnancy Signs
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Asthma
  • Respiratory Infections
  • Respiratory Emergencies
  • FETAL EFFECTS
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Asthma
  • Diagnostic Testing for Respiratory Compromise
  • Blood Gas Interpretation
  • Anaphylactoid Syndrome of Pregnancy
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Asthma
  • Respiratory Infections
  • Viral Bronchitis or Upper Respiratory Infection
  • Pneumonia
  • Tuberculosis
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Nursing Interventions for Respiratory Infections
  • Antepartum Nursing Interventions for Pregnancy Complicated with Asthma
  • Intrapartum Nursing Interventions for Asthmatics
  • Postpartum Nursing Interventions for Asthmatics
  • Nursing Interventions for Acute Exacerbation of Asthma
  • Critical Care Interventions for Respiratory Emergencies
  • Critical Care Interventions of Acute Pulmonary Edema and Pulmonary Embolism
  • Critical Care Interventions of Anaphylactoid Syndrome of Pregnancy
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 16 : Spontaneous Abortion
  • INCIDENCE
  • ETIOLOGY
  • Sporadic Abortions
  • Nonrecurring Genetic Abnormality
  • Teratogenic Agents
  • Systemic Infections
  • Uncontrolled Systemic Diseases
  • Obesity
  • Environmental Factors
  • Recurrent Abortions
  • Chromosomal Disorders
  • Maternal Age
  • Uterine Anomalies
  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • Inherited Thrombophilic Defect
  • Incompetent Cervix
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • Embryo and Placenta Development
  • Placental Immunology
  • Cervical Changes
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • Embryo, Fetal, Placental Effect
  • Cervical Incompetence
  • Congenital Defect
  • Cervical Trauma
  • Hormonal Factors
  • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • Vaginal Bleeding
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Incompetent Cervix
  • CLASSIFICATION
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • FETAL EFFECTS
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • Spontaneous Abortion
  • Incompetent Cervix
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Threatened Abortion
  • Inevitable, Complete, or Incomplete Abortion
  • Missed Abortion
  • Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
  • Chromosomal Disorder
  • Uterine Anomalies
  • Endocrine Factors
  • Immunologic Factors: Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • Incompetent Cervix
  • Prophylactic Cerclage
  • Therapeutic Cerclage
  • Rescue Cerclage
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Nursing Interventions for Hemorrhage Management
  • Postsurgical Nursing Interventions to Prevent Complications or to Provide Early Detection of Signs of Hemorrhage, Infection, and Anemia
  • Nursing Interventions for Anticipatory Grieving
  • Nursing Interventions to Decrease Risk for Recurrence
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 17 : Ectopic Pregnancy
  • INCIDENCE
  • ETIOLOGY
  • Previous Tubal Infections
  • Previous Tubal or Pelvic Surgery
  • Hormonal Factors
  • Contraceptive Failure
  • Assisted Reproduction
  • Behavioral Factors
  • Transmigration of Ovum
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy
  • Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy
  • Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy
  • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • Before Rupture
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Delayed Menses
  • Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
  • Absence of Common Signs of Pregnancy
  • Abdominal Tenderness
  • Tubal Rupture
  • After Tubal Rupture
  • Generalized, Unilateral, or Deep Lower Quadrant Acute Abdominal Pain
  • Referred Shoulder Pain
  • Faintness and Dizziness
  • Signs of Shock
  • Afebrile State
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • Serial Serum Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels
  • Transvaginal Ultrasound
  • Serum Progesterone Levels
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
  • Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy before Rupture
  • Surgical Treatment
  • Nonsurgical Medical Treatment
  • Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy after Rupture
  • Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy
  • Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Pain
  • Vaginal Bleeding
  • Syncope
  • Vital Signs
  • Nursing Interventions to Allay Fear Regarding Possible Diagnosis
  • Postoperative Nursing Interventions
  • Nursing Interventions for Medical Management
  • Nursing Interventions for Anticipatory Grieving
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 18 : Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
  • HYDATIDIFORM MOLE
  • Complete Moles
  • Partial Moles
  • Incidence
  • Etiology
  • Normal Physiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Signs and Symptoms: Complete Mole
  • Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
  • Variable Uterine Size
  • Ovarian Enlargement
  • Absence of Fetus
  • Other Signs and Symptoms
  • Signs and Symptoms: Partial Mole
  • Maternal Effects
  • Fetal Effects
  • Diagnostic Testing
  • Usual Medical Management
  • Immediate Evacuation
  • Follow-up Assessment
  • Prophylactic Chemotherapy
  • Coexisting Hydatidiform Mole with a Normal Fetus
  • GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC NEOPLASIA
  • Etiology
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Maternal Effects
  • Diagnostic Testing
  • Usual Medical Management
  • Nonmetastatic Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN)
  • Low Risk Metastatic Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
  • High Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN)
  • Follow-Up
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Assessment
  • Hydatidiform Mole
  • Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
  • Nursing Interventions for Evacuation of Mole
  • Postevacuation Nursing Interventions
  • Nursing Interventions to Allay Fear
  • Nursing Interventions for Anticipatory Grieving
  • Follow-up Nursing Interventions for Early Detection of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 19 : Placental Abnormalities
  • ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE
  • Incidence
  • Etiology
  • Normal Physiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Classic Manifestations
  • Mild Abruptio Placentae: Grade 1
  • Moderate Abruptio Placentae: Grade 2
  • Severe Abruptio Placentae: Grade 3
  • Posteriorly Implanted Abruptio Placentae
  • Complications
  • Shock
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
  • Other Complications
  • Maternal Effects
  • Fetal and Neonatal Effects
  • Fetal Hypoxia
  • Neonatal Prematurity
  • Intrauterine Growth Restriction
  • Neurologic Defects
  • Diagnostic Testing
  • Usual Medical Management and Protocols for Nurse Practitioners
  • Expectant Management
  • Emergency Management
  • Delivery
  • PLACENTA PREVIA
  • Incidence
  • Etiology
  • Endometrial Scarring
  • Impeded Endometrial Vascularization
  • Increased Placental Mass
  • Normal Physiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Painless, Bright Red, Vaginal Bleeding
  • Fetal Malpresentation
  • Maternal Effects
  • Fetal and Neonatal Effects
  • Diagnostic Testing
  • Determining Placental Location
  • Ruling Out Other Causes of Bleeding
  • Determining Gestational Age
  • Early Diagnosis of Placenta Previa
  • Usual Medical Management and Protocols for Nurse Practitioners
  • Expectant Management
  • Delivery
  • INVASIVE PLACENTA (PLACENTA CRETAS)
  • Incidence
  • Etiology
  • Diagnosis
  • Antepartum
  • Postpartum
  • Maternal and Fetal Effects
  • Usual Medical Management
  • VASA PREVIA
  • Etiology
  • Maternal Effects
  • Fetal Effects
  • Death
  • Diagnosis
  • Management
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Assessment of Blood Loss
  • Nursing Interventions for Mild Bleeding (Less Than 15% Blood Loss)
  • Nursing Interventions for Moderate (20% to 25% Blood Loss) to Severe Bleeding (30% to 35% Blood Loss)
  • Critical Care Interventions for Hypovolemic Shock (40% Blood Loss or Greater)
  • Critical Care Interventions for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
  • Nursing Interventions for Antepartum Fetal Surveillance
  • Nursing Interventions to Manage Fear Related to Effect on Health Status and Threat of Fetal or Neonatal Death
  • Nursing Interventions for Altered Role Performance Related to Prolonged Hospitalization and Treatment with Bedrest
  • Diversional Activity for Therapeutic Management of Bedrest
  • Nursing Interventions to Prevent RhD Alloimmunization in an RhD-Negative Mother Carrying an RhD-Positive Fetus
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 20 : Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
  • INCIDENCE
  • ETIOLOGY
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Blood Replacement
  • Red Blood Cell Transfusions
  • Platelet Concentrates
  • Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
  • Cryoprecipitate
  • Recombinant Human Activated Protein C
  • Antithrombin III
  • Supportive Measures
  • Anticoagulants
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Secondary Prevention
  • Tertiary Prevention
  • Critical Care Nursing Interventions for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 21 : Hemolytic Incompatibility
  • INCIDENCE
  • ETIOLOGY
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • Blood Type Genetics
  • ABO Blood Group System
  • CDE (Rh) Blood Group System
  • Placental Transport
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • Antibody Screen
  • Severity of Fetal Bleed
  • Severity of Disease
  • Ultrasound for Peak Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Doppler Velocity
  • Amniocentesis
  • Cordocentesis
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Prevention
  • Treatment for Hemolytic Incompatibility
  • Follow-Up
  • Fetal Surveillance
  • Intrauterine Transfusion
  • Intravascular Transfusion (IVT)
  • Intraperitoneal Transfusion
  • Amniocentesis for Fetal Lung Maturity
  • Outcome
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Nursing Interventions for Administering Rh o (D) Immune Globulin
  • Antepartum Nursing Interventions for Alloimmunization
  • Intrapartum Nursing Interventions for Alloimmunization
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 22 : Hypertensive Disorders
  • INCIDENCE
  • CHRONIC HYPERTENSION
  • PREECLAMPSIA
  • Normal Physiology
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Renal Function
  • Fluid Balance
  • Placentation
  • Vasodilatory State
  • Fluid Shifts
  • Pathophysiology
  • Resulting Pathophysiologic Changes
  • Uteroplacental Insufficiency
  • Renal Damage
  • Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
  • Worsening Pathophysiologic Changes
  • Pulmonary Involvement
  • Central Nervous System Involvement
  • Ophthalmic Involvement
  • Hemodynamic Changes
  • Coagulation Involvement
  • Hepatic Involvement
  • HELLP Syndrome Development
  • Eclampsia
  • Etiology
  • Immunologic Maladaptation and Activation of Inflammatory Factors
  • Genetic Predisposition
  • Vascular-Mediated Factors
  • Other Factors
  • Maternal Effects
  • Fetal and Neonatal Effects
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Cardinal Signs
  • Hypertension
  • Proteinuria
  • Subjective Signs
  • HELLP Syndrome Signs
  • Comparison of Mild and Severe Preeclamptic Signs
  • Eclampsia
  • Diagnostic Testing
  • Diagnostic Signs
  • Obtaining Accurate Blood Pressure Readings
  • Diagnostic Tests
  • Predictive Tests
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Expectant Management
  • Activity Restriction
  • Diet
  • Fetal Surveillance
  • Pharmacologic Therapy
  • Anticonvulsive Therapy
  • Antihypertensive Therapy
  • Corticosteroid Therapy
  • Blood Component Replacement
  • Intensive Hemodynamic Monitoring
  • Delivery
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Adequate Nutrition
  • Adequate Rest
  • Water Therapy
  • Heparin Therapy
  • Early and Appropriate Prenatal Care
  • Low-Dose Aspirin
  • Home Health Care for Mild Preeclampsia ∗
  • Criteria Selection
  • Home Care Protocols
  • Nursing Assessment for Severe Preeclampsia
  • General Criteria
  • Cardiovascular Alterations
  • Renal Alterations
  • Central Nervous System Alterations
  • Pulmonary Alterations
  • Hepatic Alterations
  • Hematology Alterations
  • Reproductive System Status
  • Fetal Surveillance Status
  • Nursing Interventions for Severe Preeclampsia
  • Betamethasone
  • Action
  • Dosage
  • Critical Care Interventions for Anticonvulsant Therapy: Magnesium Sulfate
  • Magnesium Sulfate
  • Action
  • Other Beneficial Actions
  • Intravenous Dosage
  • Intramuscular Dosage
  • Side Effects
  • Fetal Effect
  • Contraindications
  • Phenytoin
  • Action
  • Dosage
  • Side Effects
  • Critical Care Interventions for Acute Antihypertensive Therapy
  • Hydralazine
  • Action
  • Dosage
  • Side Effects
  • Contraindication
  • Labetalol
  • Action
  • Dosage
  • Side Effects
  • Contraindication
  • Critical Care Interventions for HELLP Syndrome
  • Critical Care Nursing Interventions for Eclampsia
  • Seizure Precautions
  • During the Seizure
  • After the Seizure
  • Postpartum Considerations
  • Critical Care Interventions for Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
  • Intrapartum Interventions for Preeclampsia
  • Postpartum Interventions for Preeclampsia
  • Nursing Interventions
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 23 : Preterm Labor and Multiple Gestation
  • PRETERM LABOR
  • MULTIPLE GESTATION
  • INCIDENCE
  • ETIOLOGY
  • Altered Uterine and Cervical Factors
  • Placental Ischemia
  • Inflammation
  • Stress
  • NORMAL ANATOMY OF THE CERVIX
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY OF LABOR CONTRACTIONS
  • PROSTAGLANDINS
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Oxytocin
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATION OF MULTIPLE GESTATION
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • Infection
  • Altered Uterine Factors
  • Stress
  • Placental Ischemia
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • Preterm Labor
  • Multiple Gestation
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • Preterm Labor
  • Multiple Gestation
  • NATIONAL EFFECTS
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • Risk Assessment
  • Fetal Fibronectin
  • Cervical Length
  • Clinical Markers
  • Criteria for Diagnosis of Preterm Labor
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS:
  • PRIMARY PREVENTION
  • Preconception
  • Prenatal
  • Patient education
  • Clinical evaluation for “at risk” patients
  • Close surveillance of patients with a positive history
  • Progesterone
  • SECONDARY PREVENTION
  • Clinical Evaluation of Patients Who Present with PTL Symptoms
  • Contraindications to Halting Preterm Labor
  • Nontreatable Cause Preterm Labor Management
  • Abdominal Surgery Management
  • Late Preterm Labor Prevention
  • Multiple Gestation Management
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Hospitalization Management of Preterm Labor
  • Terbutaline Sulfate
  • Action
  • Contraindications
  • Acute Dosage for Intravenous Terbutaline
  • Maternal Side Effects
  • Long-Term Fetal Effects of Terbutaline
  • Magnesium Sulfate
  • Action
  • Contraindications
  • IV Dosage
  • Signs of Toxicity
  • Side Effects
  • Long-Term Effects on Neonate
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Action
  • Contraindications
  • Dosage
  • Maternal Side Effects
  • Fetal Side Effects
  • Prostaglandin Inhibitors
  • Action
  • Contraindications
  • Dosage
  • Maternal Side Effects
  • Fetal and Neonatal Side Effects
  • Nursing Interventions for Acute Tocolytic Therapy
  • Critical Care Interventions for Pulmonary Edema ∗
  • Home Management of Preterm Labor
  • Nursing Interventions for Preterm Labor in Multiples
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 24 : Premature Rupture of Membranes
  • INCIDENCE
  • ETIOLOGY
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • Infection
  • Abruptio Placentae
  • Postpartum Hemorrhage
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • Prematurity
  • Fetal and Neonatal Infection
  • Fetal Compromise
  • Developmental Anomalies
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • Sterile Speculum Examination
  • Nitrazine Test
  • Microscopic Examination
  • Immunoassay Test: PAMG-1 Test (AmniSure Assay)
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Documentation of Fetal Age
  • Fetal Maturity Assessment
  • Assessment of Fetal Stressors
  • Assessment of Intraamniotic Infection
  • Assessment of Signs of Labor
  • Expectant Management Before 34 Weeks of Gestation
  • Expectant Management After 34 Weeks of Gestation
  • Variations in Management
  • Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy
  • Antenatal Corticosteroids
  • Tocolysis
  • Intrapartum Prophylaxis for Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Nursing Interventions to Decrease the Risk for Infection After PROM
  • Nursing Interventions to Decrease Impaired Fetal Gas Exchange
  • Nursing Interventions to Decrease Fear and Stress
  • Nursing Interventions to Promote Prescribed Bedrest
  • Nursing Interventions to Decrease Other Antepartum Complications
  • Intrapartum Nursing Interventions
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 25 : Trauma
  • INCIDENCE
  • ETIOLOGY
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • HEMORRHAGE
  • Neurologic Injury
  • Chest Injury
  • Pelvic Fractures
  • Thermal (Burn) Trauma
  • Gunshot and Stab Wounds
  • Homicide
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • FETAL EFFECTS
  • MANAGEMENT OF THE PREGNANT TRAUMA PATIENT
  • Minor Injury Management
  • Major Injury Management
  • Initial Care Phase
  • Primary survey of a pregnant woman
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Tertiary Assessment
  • Continued Monitoring in the Labor and Delivery or Critical Care Unit
  • Recovery and Rehabilitation Phase
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Motor Vehicle Collision Prevention
  • Other Accidental Injuries
  • Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
  • Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Prevention
  • Assessment Questionnaire
  • General Nursing Interventions for Psychosocial and Physical Diagnoses Related to Intimate Partner Violence
  • Specific Nursing Interventions for Intimate Partner Violence
  • Nursing Interventions for Minor Trauma
  • Critical Care Interventions for Acute Severe Trauma Maternal Focus
  • Stabilization
  • Continued Care
  • Critical Care Interventions for Acute Severe Trauma with Fetal Focus
  • Recovery and Rehabilitation Nursing Interventions
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 26 : Sexually and Nonsexually Transmitted Genitourinary Infections
  • BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Screening
  • Treatment in Pregnancy
  • Symptomatic
  • Asymptomatic
  • Effect on Pregnancy Outcome
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • CANDIDIASIS
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Screening
  • Treatment in Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • CHLAMYDIA
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Objective Findings
  • Screening
  • Treatment in Pregnancy
  • Effect on Pregnancy Outcome
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • GONORRHEA
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Objective Findings
  • Screening
  • Treatment in Pregnancy
  • Effect on Pregnancy Outcome
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION
  • Organism
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • Risk Factors
  • Screening
  • Recommendations for Intrapartum Prophylaxis and Appropriate Therapy
  • Other Considerations
  • Outcomes
  • HEPATITIS B
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Screening
  • Treatment in Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • Newborn Care if the Mother Is HbsAg-Negative
  • Newborn Care if the Mother Is HbsAg-Positive
  • HEPATITIS C
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Screening
  • Treatment in Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Objective Findings with Lesions
  • Screening
  • Treatment in Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Normal Physiology of Immune System of Pregnancy
  • Pathophysiology
  • HIV Disease Continuum
  • Screening
  • Preconception Screening for Known HIV-Positive Women
  • Screening if HIV Status is Unknown
  • Screening Methods Currently Used
  • Risk Factors
  • Pregnancy Outcome
  • Treatment in Pregnancy, During Intrapartum, and of the Newborn
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • Antepartum
  • Intrapartum
  • Postpartum
  • Neonate
  • Health Care Workers
  • HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Prevention
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Screening
  • Treatment in Pregnancy
  • Effect on Pregnancy Outcome
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Treatment
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • Fetal Implications
  • SYPHILIS
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Screening
  • Treatment in Pregnancy
  • Effect on Pregnancy Outcome
  • TRICHOMONIASIS
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Screening
  • Treatment in Pregnancy
  • Symptomatic
  • Asymptomatic
  • Effect on Pregnancy Outcome
  • URINARY TRACT INFECTION
  • Organism
  • Transmission
  • Signs and Symptoms
  • Screening
  • Treatment in Pregnancy for Asymptomatic or Acute Cystitis
  • Treatment in Pregnancy for Pyelonephritis
  • Effect on Pregnancy Outcome
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • GENERAL NURSING MANAGEMENT FOR GENITOURINARY INFECTIONS
  • Prevention
  • Primary Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Secondary Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Tertiary Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Affect Self-Esteem When Diagnosed with an Incurable Sexually Transmitted Infection
  • Primary Prevention of Vaginal Infections Related to Nonsexually Transmitted Infections
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Bacterial Vaginosis
  • Candidiasis
  • Chlamydia
  • Gonorrhea
  • Group B Streptococcus
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Herpes Simplex Virus-2
  • HIV
  • Human Papillomavirus
  • Human Parvovirus B19
  • Syphilis
  • Trichomoniasis
  • Urinary Tract Infection
  • General Nursing Management
  • Chapter 27 : Substance Abuse
  • ALCOHOL
  • Incidence
  • Pathophysiologic Effects
  • Maternal Complications
  • Fetal Complications
  • Childhood Effects
  • Screening
  • Pregnancy Considerations
  • Treatment During Pregnancy
  • COCAINE
  • Pathophysiologic Effects
  • Maternal Complications
  • Fetal and Neonatal Complications
  • Effect of Paternal Cocaine Use
  • Screening
  • Treatment During Pregnancy
  • HEROIN
  • Maternal Complications
  • Fetal and Neonatal Complications
  • Treatment During Pregnancy
  • MARIJUANA
  • Incidence
  • Pathophysiologic Effects
  • Maternal Complications
  • Fetal Complications
  • Screening
  • Treatment During Pregnancy
  • METHAMPHETAMINES
  • Maternal Complications
  • Perinatal Effects
  • Treatment During Pregnancy
  • TOBACCO
  • Incidence
  • Pathophysiologic Effects
  • Maternal Complications
  • Fetal and Neonatal Complications
  • Treatment During Pregnancy
  • Advise
  • Assess
  • Assist
  • Arrange
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention and Early Detection
  • Intervention for a Positive Screen ∗
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Introduction, Nursing Management, and Conclusion
  • Alcohol
  • Cocaine
  • Heroin
  • Marijuana
  • Methamphetamines
  • Tobacco
  • Chapter 28 : Labor Stimulation
  • INCIDENCE
  • INDICATIONS
  • CRITERIA
  • PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS
  • RISKS
  • CONTRAINDICATIONS
  • PHYSIOLOGY OF UTEROTROPINS AND UTEROTONINS
  • PHARMACOLOGIC METHODS FOR CERVICAL RIPENING: PROSTAGLANDINS E 2 -DINOPROSTONE
  • Dosages
  • Advantages
  • Risks
  • Uterine Tachysystole
  • Category II or III Fetal Heart Rate Pattern Changes
  • Other Side Effects
  • Nursing Interventions
  • Preadministration
  • Administration
  • PHARMACOLOGIC METHODS FOR CERVICAL RIPENING: PROSTAGLANDIN E 1 -MISOPROSTOL
  • MECHANICAL METHODS FOR CERVICAL RIPENING: LAMINARIA, SYNTHETIC DILATORS, OR BALLOON CATHETERS
  • Physiology
  • Advantages
  • Risks
  • Chorioamnionitis
  • Premature Rupture of Membranes
  • Cervical Trauma
  • Nursing Interventions
  • BALLOON CATHETERS AND EXTRA-AMNIOTIC SALINE INFUSION
  • Physiology
  • Advantages
  • Risks
  • Nursing Interventions
  • PHARMACOLOGIC LABOR INDUCTION METHOD: OXYTOCIN
  • Physiology
  • Pharmacologic Characteristics
  • Individualized Uterine Response to Oxytocin
  • Sensitivity to Oxytocin Changes During Various Phases of Labor
  • Oxytocin Secretion in Pulses and by the Fetus
  • Maximum Uterine Contractile Effect of Oxytocin
  • Uterine Response to Oxytocin
  • Dosages
  • Low-Dose Management: Physiologic Approach
  • High-Dose (Active) Management: Pharmacologic Approach
  • Pulsatile Oxytocin Management
  • Maternal Side Effects
  • Uterine Tachysystole
  • Uncoordinated, Unproductive Uterine Activity
  • Antidiuretic Effect: Water Intoxication
  • Cesarean Birth
  • Failed Induction
  • Fetal and Neonatal Effects
  • Iatrogenic Prematurity
  • Fetal Stressors
  • Intrauterine Fetal Demise
  • High-Alert Medication
  • Nursing Interventions
  • PHYSIOLOGIC METHODS OF LABOR INDUCTION: AMNIOTOMY
  • Physiology
  • Advantages
  • Risks
  • Nursing Interventions
  • PHYSIOLOGIC METHODS OF LABOR INDUCTION: STRIPPING OF FETAL MEMBRANES
  • Physiology
  • Risks
  • Interventions
  • COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES: BREAST STIMULATION
  • Physiology
  • Procedure
  • Manual or Warm Compress Breast Stimulation
  • Breast Pump Stimulation
  • Risks
  • Uterine Tachysystole
  • Nipple Soreness and Engorgement
  • Fetal Compromise
  • Nursing Interventions
  • OTHER COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 29 : Dysfunctional Labor
  • INCIDENCE
  • ETIOLOGY
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • Uterine Dystocia
  • Fetal Dystocia
  • Occiput Posterior Presentation
  • Face Presentation
  • Brow Presentation
  • Shoulder Presentation
  • Compound Presentation
  • Breech Presentation
  • Pelvic Dystocia
  • Inlet Contraction
  • Midcavity Contraction
  • Outlet Contraction
  • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Labor Management to Decrease Cesarean Rate
  • Dysfunctional Labor Disorders
  • Fetal Malpresentations
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Prevention
  • Interventions to Enhance Labor Progress through Each of the Eleven Functional Health Patterns to Decrease Risk for Dystocia, Epidural Anesthesia, and Instrumental Delivery
  • Health-Perception and Health-Management Pattern
  • Nutritional and Metabolic Pattern (Preconception)
  • Nutritional and Metabolic Pattern (Intrapartum)
  • Elimination Pattern
  • Activity and Position Pattern
  • Antepartum
  • Intrapartum: stage one
  • Intrapartum: occiput posterior presentation
  • Intrapartum: stage two
  • Positions for regional analgesia and anesthesia
  • Pushing methods
  • When to initiate pushing
  • Length of second stage of labor
  • Rest and Relaxation Pattern
  • Cognitive Pattern
  • Perceptual Pattern
  • Self-Perception and Self-Concept Pattern
  • Role-Relationship Pattern
  • Coping and Stress-Tolerance Pattern
  • Interventions to Accomplish Early Detection and Treatment of Dysfunctional Labor
  • Management of Shoulder Dystocia
  • Management of External Version
  • Preprocedural
  • Intraprocedural
  • Postprocedural
  • Intrapartum Care
  • Antepartum Management of Vaginal Birth after Cesarean (VBAC)
  • Intrapartum Management of Vaginal Birth after Cesarean—Trial of Labor
  • Management of Instrumental Delivery with Forceps or a Vacuum Extractor
  • Management of Intrapartum Epidural or Combined Spinal/Epidural (CSE)
  • Preprocedural
  • Procedure
  • Postinjection
  • Management of Postpartum Epidural Analgesia
  • Preprocedural
  • Postprocedural
  • Management of Cesarean Birth
  • Preoperative
  • Postoperative
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Chapter 30 : Prolonged Pregnancy
  • INCIDENCE
  • ETIOLOGY
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • Amniotic Fluid
  • Volume
  • Functions
  • Placenta
  • Exchange
  • Functions
  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • Amniotic Fluid
  • Decreased Amniotic Fluid
  • Meconium Contamination
  • Placenta and Umbilical Cord
  • Placental Dysfunction
  • Decreased Wharton Jelly
  • Decreased Umbilical Cord Blood Flow
  • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • Maternal Weight Loss
  • Decreased Uterine Size
  • Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid
  • Advanced Bone Maturation
  • Prolonged Labor
  • MATERNAL EFFECTS
  • Physical Exhaustion
  • Psychologic Depression
  • Other Maternal Risks
  • FETAL AND NEONATAL EFFECTS
  • Macrosomia
  • Postmaturity Syndrome
  • First Stage
  • Second Stage
  • Third Stage
  • Fetal Hypoxia
  • Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Polycythemia
  • DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
  • Gestational Length Variables
  • Menstrual Cycle Length
  • Contraceptive Use
  • Quickening
  • Audible Fetal Heart Sounds
  • Fundal Growth
  • Diagnostic Ultrasound Findings
  • USUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS
  • Active Management with Induction of Labor
  • Expectant Management with Fetal Surveillance
  • Labor Management
  • NURSING MANAGEMENT
  • Antepartum Nursing Interventions if Pregnancy Goes Beyond the Due Date
  • Intrapartum Nursing Management
  • Intrapartum Nursing Interventions for Amnioinfusion
  • CONCLUSION
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • GENERIC-TITLE
  • Index
  • A
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  • D
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  • G
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