Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing

Höfundar: Mariann M. Harding; Jeffrey Kwong; Debra Hagler; Courtney Reinisch (Útgáfa: 13)
Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing

Kaup valmöguleikar

Öðlastu þá þekkingu og færni sem þarf til að ná árangri í hjúkrun skurð- og lyflækningasjúklinga með þessari leiðandi kennslubók. Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th Edition er skrifuð á aðgengilegu máli og leggur áherslu á hugtök í hjúkrun, þróun í klínísku starfi, gagnreynt efni og grunnatriði meinafræði. Þannig veitir bókin traustan grunn fyrir störf í síbreytilegu heilbrigðisumhverfi. Í ítarlegum köflum er meðal annars fjallað um stjórnun og samstarf í hjúkrun, heilsueflingu, bráðainngrip og göngudeildarþjónustu.

Yfirlitstöflur og upplýsingareitir auðvelda leit að mikilvægum upplýsingum og skipuleg framsetning gerir jafnvel flóknustu hugtök auðskilin. Auk þriggja nýrra kafla leggur þessi útgáfa aukna áherslu á hjúkrunarferlið, félagslega áhrifaþætti heilsu, klíníska dómgreind og undirbúning fyrir Next-Generation NCLEX®-prófið. Áreiðanlegt efni úr einni mest seldu kennslubók allra tíma á sviði hjúkrunar skurð- og lyflækningasjúklinga veitir þá þekkingu og færni sem þarf til að ná árangri í námi og starfi.

Gagnreynt efni leggur sérstaka áherslu á mismunandi stig heilbrigðisþjónustu, allt frá heilsueflingu og bráðainngripum til göngudeildarþjónustu, ásamt ítarlegri upprifjun á grundvallaratriðum meinafræði. Skýr aðgreining hjúkrunar og þverfaglegrar samvinnu auðveldar lesendum að greina helstu ábyrgðarþætti hjúkrunarfræðinga og skilja hvernig vinna má á árangursríkan hátt með öðrum meðlimum heilbrigðisteymisins.

Námsefni í textanum tekur meðal annars til einstakra meinafræðikorta, spurninga sem gera lesendum kleift að kanna eigin starfshætti og upplýsingareita um líffræðilegt kyn, erfðafræði í klínísku starfi, þverfaglega umönnun, aukið heilsujafnrétti og bætta lýðheilsu. Raunhæfar dæmisögur auðvelda skilning og hagnýtingu lykilefnis og stuðla að þróun klínískrar dómgreindar fyrir örugga og árangursríka umönnun fullorðinna sjúklinga.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Elsevier Limited (UK)
ISBN
9780443123825
Print ISBN
9780443121791
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
13
Höfundar
Mariann M. Harding; Jeffrey Kwong; Debra Hagler; Courtney Reinisch
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2025-03-11
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
10
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Title of Book
  • Cover image
  • Title page
  • Table of Contents
  • Copyright
  • About the Authors
  • MARIANN M. HARDING, PhD, RN, CNE, FAADN
  • DEBRA HAGLER, PhD, RN, ACNS-BC, CNE, CHSE, ANEF, FAAN
  • JEFFREY KWONG, DNP, MPH, RN, ANP-BC, FAANP, FAAN
  • COURTNEY REINISCH, DNP, RN, FNP-BC
  • CONTRIBUTORS
  • Authors of Teaching and Learning Resources
  • Preface
  • Organization
  • Special Features
  • Learning Supplements for Students
  • Teaching Supplements for Instructors
  • Acknowledgments
  • Concept Exemplars
  • Section 1. Concepts in Nursing Practice
  • 1. Professional Nursing
  • Professional Nursing Practice
  • Professionalism
  • What Is Nursing?
  • Professional Licensure
  • Standards of Professional Nursing Practice
  • Influences on Nursing
  • Expanding Knowledge and Technology
  • Patient Population
  • Health Care Environment
  • Professional Nursing Organizations
  • Domains of Nursing Competence
  • Patient-Centered Care
  • Clinical Judgment
  • Clinical Practice Frameworks
  • Spheres of Care
  • Care Settings
  • Nursing Care Delivery
  • Supporting Caregivers
  • Interprofessional Partnerships
  • Interprofessional Team
  • Communication
  • Clinical Pathways
  • Delegation and Assignment
  • Safety and Quality
  • Serious Reportable Events
  • National Patient Safety Goals
  • Quality Improvement Programs
  • Informatics and Health Care Technology
  • Electronic Health Records
  • Evidence-Based Practice
  • Steps of the Evidence-Based Practice Process
  • Step 1
  • Step 2
  • Step 3
  • Step 4
  • Step 5
  • Step 6
  • Implementing EBP
  • 2. Social Determinants of Health
  • Social Determinants of Health
  • Neighborhood
  • Economic Stability
  • Health Care
  • Education
  • Community
  • Health Disparities and Health Equity
  • Ethnicity and Race
  • Gender
  • Age
  • Culture
  • Cultural Competence
  • Cultural Factors Affecting Health and Health Care
  • Folk Healers and Traditions
  • Spirituality and Religion
  • Cross-Cultural Communication
  • Racism and Microaggression Affect Communication
  • Family Roles and Relationships
  • Personal Space
  • Touch
  • Nutrition
  • Immigration
  • Drugs
  • Psychologic Factors
  • icon Nursing Management: Social Determinants of Health and Culturally Competent Care
  • Self-Assessment
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Implementation
  • Advocacy
  • Standard Guidelines
  • Communication
  • 3. Health History and Physical Examination
  • Data Collection
  • Medical Assessment
  • Nursing Assessment
  • Types of Data
  • Promoting Health Equity in Assessment
  • Symptom Investigation
  • Data Organization
  • Nursing History: Subjective Data
  • Health Information
  • Health History
  • Medications
  • Allergies
  • Surgery and Other Treatments
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Health Perception–Health Management
  • Nutritional-Metabolic
  • Elimination
  • Activity-Exercise
  • Sleep-Rest
  • Cognitive-Perceptual
  • Self-Perception–Self-Concept
  • Role-Relationship
  • Sexuality-Reproductive
  • Coping–Stress Tolerance
  • Value-Belief
  • Physical Examination: Objective Data
  • General Survey
  • Physical Examination
  • Techniques
  • Organizing the Examination
  • Documentation
  • Types of Assessment
  • Emergency Assessment
  • Comprehensive Assessment
  • Focused Assessment
  • Using Assessment Approaches
  • 4. Patient and Caregiver Teaching
  • Role of Patient and Caregiver Teaching
  • Teaching-Learning Process
  • Adult Learning Principles
  • Models to Promote Health
  • Teaching Competencies
  • Knowledge of Subject Matter
  • Communication Skills
  • Challenges to Nurse-Teacher Effectiveness
  • Caregiver Support in Patient Teaching
  • Regulatory Mandates for Patient Teaching
  • Patient Teaching Process
  • Assessment
  • Physical Factors
  • Psychologic Factors
  • Sociocultural Factors
  • Learner Factors
  • Clinical Problems
  • Planning
  • Setting Goals
  • Choosing Teaching Strategies
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
  • 5. Chronic Illness and Older Adults
  • Chronic Illness
  • icon Nursing Management: Chronic Illness
  • Health Promotion
  • Chronic Care
  • Older Adults
  • Demographics of Aging
  • Attitudes Toward Aging
  • Biologic Aging
  • Special Older Adult Populations
  • Chronically Ill Older Adults
  • Cognitively Impaired Older Adults
  • Rural Older Adults
  • Homeless Older Adults
  • Frail Older Adults
  • Culturally Diverse Older Adults
  • Elder Care
  • Family Caregivers
  • Elder Mistreatment
  • Self-Neglect
  • Medicare and Medicaid
  • Care Alternatives for Older Adults
  • Programs for All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly
  • Age-Friendly Health Systems
  • Legal and Ethical Issues
  • icon Nursing Management: Older Adults
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • 6. Caring for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, and Gender Diverse Patients
  • Biologic Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation
  • LGBTQ+ Health Inequities
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations
  • Establishing Inclusive Environments
  • Establishing a Welcoming Environment
  • Health History and the Intake Process
  • Social History
  • Sexual and Reproductive History
  • Preventive Health
  • Gender-Affirming Care
  • Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy
  • Nonsurgical Gender-Affirming Interventions
  • Gender-Affirming Surgery
  • Chest Masculinization Surgery
  • Feminizing Breast Augmentation
  • icon Nursing Management: Gender-Affirming Surgery
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Implementation
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • Section 2. Problems Related to Comfort and Coping
  • 7. Stress Management
  • What is Stress?
  • Is Stress Bad or Good?
  • Factors Affecting Response to Stress
  • Physiologic Response to Stress
  • Nervous System
  • Cerebral Cortex
  • Limbic System
  • Reticular Formation
  • Hypothalamus
  • Endocrine System
  • Summary of Stress Response
  • Immune System
  • Effects of Stress on Health
  • Coping Strategies
  • Relaxation Strategies
  • Relaxation Breathing
  • Biofeedback
  • Meditation
  • Imagery
  • Massage
  • Music
  • Prayer
  • icon Nursing Management: Stress
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Nursing and Self-Care
  • 8. Sleep and Sleep Disorders
  • Sleep
  • Physiologic Sleep Mechanisms
  • Sleep-Wake Cycle
  • Sleep Architecture
  • Effects of Insufficient Sleep
  • Sleep Disturbances in the Hospital
  • Sleep Disorders
  • Insomnia
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Insomnia
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Implementation
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
  • Circadian Rhythm Disorders
  • Narcolepsy
  • Parasomnias
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Sleep
  • Special Sleep Needs of Nurses
  • 9. Pain
  • Pain
  • Definitions and Dimensions of Pain
  • Pain Mechanisms
  • Transduction
  • Transmission
  • Perception
  • Modulation
  • Classifying Pain
  • Nociceptive Pain
  • Neuropathic Pain
  • Acute and Chronic Pain
  • INTERPROFESSIONAL AND NURSING MANAGEMENT: Pain
  • Pain Assessment
  • Pain Pattern
  • Location
  • Intensity
  • Quality
  • Associated Symptoms
  • Management
  • Impact of Pain
  • Patient’s Beliefs, Expectations, and Goals
  • Reassessment
  • Pain Management
  • Basic Principles
  • Drug Therapy
  • Nonopioids
  • Opioids
  • Adjuvant Analgesic Therapy
  • Administration
  • Interventional Therapy
  • Therapeutic Nerve Blocks
  • Neuroaugmentation
  • Nondrug Therapies
  • Physical Pain Relief Strategies
  • Cognitive Therapies
  • Challenges to Effective Pain Management
  • Communication Barriers
  • Fear of Addiction
  • Inadequate Education
  • Managing Pain in Special Populations
  • Older Adults
  • Patients Unable to Self-Report Pain
  • Patients in the Critical Care Unit
  • Patients With Substance Use Problems
  • 10. Palliative and End-of-Life Care
  • Palliative Care
  • Hospice Care
  • Domains of Palliative Care
  • Care Structure and Processes
  • Physical Aspects of Care
  • Psychologic and Psychiatric Aspects
  • Social Aspects of Care
  • Spiritual, Religious, and Existential Aspects of Care
  • Cultural Care
  • Care of the Patient Nearing the End of Life
  • Ethical and Legal Aspects of Care
  • Advance Care Planning and Advance Directives
  • Organ and Tissue Donation
  • Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide
  • Death
  • Physical Manifestations at End of Life
  • Psychosocial Manifestations at End of Life
  • Bereavement and Grief
  • icon Culturally Competent Care: End of Life
  • iconNursing Management: End of Life
  • iconAssessment
  • iconClinical Problems
  • iconPlanning
  • iconImplementation
  • Psychosocial Care
  • Physical Care
  • Special Needs of Caregivers and Nurses
  • Family Caregivers
  • Special Needs of Nurses
  • 11. Substance Use Disorders in Acute Care
  • Tobacco Use
  • Effects of Use
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Alcohol Use
  • Effects of Use
  • Alcohol Toxicity
  • Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
  • Stimulant Use
  • Stimulant Overdose
  • Stimulant Withdrawal
  • Opioid Use
  • Opioid Overdose
  • Opioid Withdrawal
  • Sedative-Hypnotic Use
  • Sedative-Hypnotic Overdose
  • Sedative-Hypnotic Withdrawal
  • Inhalant Use
  • Cannabis Use
  • Caffeine Use
  • icon Nursing Management: Substance Use
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Substance Use
  • Section 3. Problems Related to Homeostasis and Protection
  • 12. Inflammation and Healing
  • Inflammation
  • Vascular Response
  • Cellular Response
  • Neutrophils
  • Monocytes
  • Lymphocytes
  • Chemical Mediators
  • Complement System
  • Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes
  • Exudate Formation
  • Types of Inflammation
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Fever
  • icon Nursing Management: Inflammation
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Implementation
  • Fever
  • Drug Therapy
  • RICE
  • Healing Process
  • Regeneration
  • Repair
  • Primary Intention
  • Secondary Intention
  • Tertiary Intention
  • Wound Classification
  • Complications of Healing
  • icon Nursing Management: Wound Healing
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Implementation
  • Clean Wounds
  • Contaminated Wounds
  • Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy
  • Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
  • Drug Therapy
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • Infection Prevention and Control
  • Psychologic Care
  • Patient Teaching
  • Pressure Injuries
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • icon Nursing Management: Pressure Injuries
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Acute Care
  • 13. Genetics
  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Basic Principles of Genetics
  • Chromosomes
  • Genes
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • Protein Synthesis
  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
  • Genetic Mutations
  • Types of Mutations
  • Inheritance Patterns
  • Human Genome Project
  • Genetic Disorders
  • Classification of Genetic Disorders
  • Single Gene Disorders
  • Multifactorial Inherited Conditions
  • Chromosome Disorders
  • Genetic Screening and Testing
  • Interpreting Genetic Test Results
  • Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests
  • Genetic Technology
  • DNA Fingerprinting
  • DNA Microarray (DNA Chip)
  • Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS)
  • Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics
  • Gene Therapy
  • Stem Cell Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Genetics and Genomics
  • Family History
  • 14. Immune Responses and Transplantation
  • Immune Response
  • Types of Immunity
  • Innate Immunity
  • Acquired Immunity
  • Lymphoid Organs
  • Cells Involved in Immune Response
  • Mononuclear Phagocytes
  • Lymphocytes
  • Dendritic Cells
  • Cytokines
  • Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity
  • Humoral Immunity
  • Cell-Mediated Immunity
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on the Immune System
  • Altered Immune Responses
  • Hypersensitivity Reactions
  • Type I: IgE-Mediated Reactions
  • Type II: Cytotoxic and Cytolytic Reactions
  • Type III: Immune-Complex Reactions
  • Type IV: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions
  • icon Interprofessional and Nursing Management: Allergic Disorders
  • icon Assessment
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • icon Interventions
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Chronic Allergies
  • Drug Therapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Immunotherapy
  • Latex Allergies
  • Types of Latex Allergies
  • Latex-Food Syndrome
  • icon Nursing Management: Latex Allergies
  • Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
  • Autoimmunity
  • Apheresis
  • Plasmapheresis
  • Immunodeficiency
  • Primary Immunodeficiency
  • Secondary Immunodeficiency Disorders
  • Human Leukocyte Antigen System
  • Organ Transplants
  • Tissue Typing
  • HLA Typing
  • Panel of Reactive Antibodies
  • Crossmatch
  • Transplant Rejection
  • Hyperacute Rejection
  • Acute Rejection
  • Chronic Rejection
  • Immunosuppressive Therapy
  • Calcineurin Inhibitors
  • Mycophenolate Mofetil
  • Sirolimus
  • Monoclonal Antibodies
  • Polyclonal Antibodies
  • Graft-Versus-Host Disease
  • Biologic Response Modifiers
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Side Effects
  • icon NURSING MANAGEMENT: BRMs
  • 15. Infection
  • Infections
  • Epidemiology Concepts
  • Types of Pathogens
  • Types of Infections
  • Emerging Infections
  • Reemerging Infections
  • Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections
  • Health Care–Associated Infections
  • icon Nursing Management: Infection
  • Antimicrobial Therapy
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration Guidelines
  • Infection Precautions
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Infections in Older Adults
  • COVID-19
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Tests
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  • HIV Transmission
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Hiv Infection
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: HIV Infection
  • 16. Cancer
  • Epidemiology
  • Biology of Cancer
  • Defect in Cell Proliferation
  • Defect in Cell Differentiation
  • Cancer Genomics
  • Immune Surveillance
  • Oncofetal Antigens and Tumor Markers
  • Cancer Development
  • Initiation
  • Promotion
  • Progression
  • Benign Versus Malignant
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Biopsy
  • Diagnostic Tests
  • Cancer Classification
  • Anatomic
  • Histologic
  • Staging
  • Clinical
  • TNM Classification
  • icon Nursing Management: Cancer Prevention and Detection
  • Diagnosis of Cancer
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Treatment Goals
  • Cure
  • Control
  • Palliation
  • Personalized Medicine
  • Surgical Therapy
  • Prevention
  • Cure or Control
  • Supportive and Palliative Care
  • Chemotherapy
  • Effect on Cells
  • Classification
  • Chemotherapy Preparation
  • Methods of Administration
  • Regional Chemotherapy
  • Effects of Chemotherapy on Normal Tissues
  • Treatment Plan
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Principles of Radiobiology
  • Simulation and Treatment Planning
  • External Radiation
  • Internal Radiation
  • icon Nursing Management: Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
  • Bone Marrow Suppression
  • Fatigue
  • GI Effects
  • Skin Reactions
  • Lung Effects
  • Cardiovascular Effects
  • Cognitive Effects
  • Reproductive Effects
  • Late Effects of Radiation and Chemotherapy
  • Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy
  • Side Effects
  • icon Nursing Management: Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy
  • Hormone Therapy
  • Hematopoietic Growth Factors
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Types of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants
  • Procedures
  • Cancer Complications
  • Nutrition Problems
  • Malnutrition
  • Altered Taste (Dysgeusia)
  • Cancer Cachexia
  • Infection
  • Oncologic Emergencies
  • Cancer Pain
  • Pain Assessment
  • Pain Management
  • Coping With Cancer
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Cancer
  • Survivorship
  • 17. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
  • Homeostasis Processes
  • Body Water Content
  • Fluid Compartments
  • Calculating Fluid Gain or Loss
  • Electrolytes
  • Electrolyte Composition of Fluid Compartments
  • Processes Controlling Fluid and Electrolyte Movement
  • Diffusion
  • Facilitated Diffusion
  • Active Transport
  • Osmosis
  • Hydrostatic Pressure
  • Oncotic Pressure
  • Fluid Movement in Capillaries
  • Fluid Shifts
  • Fluid Spacing
  • Regulation of Water Balance
  • Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation
  • Renal Regulation
  • Adrenal Cortical Regulation
  • Cardiac Regulation
  • Gastrointestinal Regulation
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: Fluid and Electrolytes
  • Fluid Imbalances
  • Fluid Volume Deficit
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Fluid Volume Excess
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Fluid Imbalances
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Electrolyte Imbalances
  • Sodium
  • Hypernatremia
  • Hyponatremia
  • Potassium
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Calcium
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Phosphorus
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Hypophosphatemia
  • Magnesium
  • Hypermagnesemia
  • Hypomagnesemia
  • Acid-Base Balance
  • Acid-Base Regulation
  • pH and Hydrogen Ion Concentration
  • Acid-Base Imbalance
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Assessment of Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances
  • Subjective Data
  • Objective Data
  • Clinical Problems
  • Planning
  • Implementation
  • Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement
  • Oral Fluid and Electrolyte Therapies
  • IV Fluid and Electrolyte Therapies
  • Solutions
  • Central Venous Access Devices
  • Centrally Inserted Catheters
  • Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters
  • Implanted Infusion Ports
  • Midline Catheters
  • Complications
  • icon Nursing Management: Central Venous Access Devices
  • CVAD Removal
  • Section 4. Perioperative and Emergency Care
  • 18. Preoperative Care
  • Surgical Procedures
  • Surgical Settings
  • Preoperative Assessment
  • Patient Interview
  • Psychosocial Assessment
  • Health History
  • Medications
  • Allergies
  • Review of Systems
  • Physical Examination
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • icon Culturally Competent Care: Preoperative Patient
  • Preoperative Teaching
  • General Surgery Information
  • Ambulatory Surgery Information
  • Legal Preparation
  • Consent for Surgery
  • Day-of-Surgery Preparation
  • Nursing Role
  • Preoperative Medications
  • Transportation to the Operating Room
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Preoperative Patient
  • 19. Intraoperative Care
  • Intraoperative Care
  • Operating Room Environment
  • Department Layout
  • Preoperative Holding Area
  • Operating Room
  • Surgical Team
  • Registered Nurse
  • Practical/Vocational Nurse and Surgical Technologist
  • Surgeon and Assistant
  • Registered Nurse First Assistant
  • Anesthesia Care Provider
  • icon Nursing Management: Intraoperative Care
  • Before Surgery
  • During Surgery
  • After Surgery
  • Anesthesia
  • Anesthesia Techniques
  • Moderate to Deep Sedation
  • Monitored Anesthesia Care
  • General Anesthesia
  • Local and Regional Anesthesia
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Patient Receiving Anesthesia
  • Perioperative Crisis Events
  • Anaphylactic Reactions
  • Malignant Hyperthermia
  • 20. Postoperative Care
  • Postanesthesia Care
  • Phases of Care
  • Postanesthesia Care Unit
  • Phase I Initial Assessment
  • Postoperative Nursing Care
  • Respiratory Problems
  • PACU
  • Clinical Unit
  • iconNursing Management: Respiratory Care
  • iconAssessment
  • iconImplementation
  • Cardiovascular Problems
  • PACU
  • Clinical Unit
  • iconNursing Management: Cardiovascular Care
  • iconAssessment
  • iconClinical Problems
  • iconImplementation
  • Neurologic and Psychologic Problems
  • PACU
  • Clinical Unit
  • iconNursing Management: Neurologic and Psychologic Care
  • iconAssessment
  • iconClinical Problems
  • iconImplementation
  • Pain and Discomfort
  • iconNursing Management: Pain
  • iconAssessment
  • iconImplementation
  • Temperature Changes
  • Hypothermia
  • Fever
  • iconNursing Management: Temperature
  • iconAssessment
  • iconImplementation
  • Gastrointestinal Problems
  • iconNursing Management: Gastrointestinal Care
  • iconAssessment
  • iconClinical Problems
  • iconImplementation
  • Urinary Problems
  • iconNursing Management: Urinary Care
  • iconAssessment
  • iconImplementation
  • Surgical Wounds
  • iconNursing Management: Surgical Wounds
  • iconAssessment
  • iconClinical Problems
  • iconImplementation
  • Transitions of Care
  • Discharge From the PACU
  • Discharge to the Clinical Unit
  • Admission to the Clinical Unit
  • Discharge From Ambulatory Surgery
  • Discharge and Follow-Up Care
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Postoperative Patient
  • 21. Emergency and Disaster Nursing
  • Emergency Triage
  • Triage
  • Primary Survey
  • A = Alertness and Airway
  • B = Breathing
  • C = Circulation and Control of Hemorrhage
  • D = Disability
  • E = Exposure and Environmental Control
  • F = Full Set of Vitals and Family Presence
  • G = Get Monitoring Devices and Give Comfort
  • Secondary Survey
  • H = History and Head-to-Toe Assessment
  • I = Inspect Posterior Surfaces
  • J = Just Keep Reevaluating
  • Cardiac Arrest and Targeted Temperature Management
  • Death in the Emergency Department
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: Emergency Care
  • Environment Emergencies
  • Heat-Related Illness
  • Heat Cramps
  • Heat Exhaustion
  • Heatstroke
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Cold-Related Injuries
  • Frostbite
  • Hypothermia
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Submersion Injuries
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Stings and Bites
  • Hymenopteran Stings
  • Snake Bites
  • Tick Bites
  • Animal and Human Bites
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Poisoning
  • Violence
  • Agents of Terrorism
  • Penetrating Trauma
  • Emergency and Mass Casualty Incidents
  • Section 5. Problems Related to Altered Sensory Input
  • 22. Assessment and Management: Visual Problems
  • Structures and Functions of the Visual System
  • Periocular Structures
  • Orbit
  • Ocular Adnexa
  • Eye
  • Eyeball
  • External Ocular Structures
  • Middle Ocular Structures
  • Internal Structures
  • Visual Pathway
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on the Visual System
  • Visual System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Physical Assessment
  • Diagnostic Studies of the Visual System
  • Vision Problems
  • Refractive Errors
  • Nonsurgical Correction
  • Surgical Therapy
  • Visual Impairment
  • icon Nursing Management: Visual Impairment
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • icon Evaluation
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Vision Impairment
  • Eye Trauma
  • Extraocular Problems
  • Inflammation and Infection
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Chlamydial
  • Allergic
  • Keratitis
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Other Causes
  • Corneal Ulcer
  • icon Nursing Management: Inflammation and Infection
  • Dry Eyes
  • Corneal Problems
  • Corneal Scars
  • Keratoconus
  • Corneal Transplant
  • Intraocular Problems
  • Cataract
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Cataracts
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Retinopathy
  • Retinal Detachment
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Retinal Detachment
  • Age-Related Macular Degeneration
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Glaucoma
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Chronic Open-Angle Glaucoma
  • Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
  • icon Nursing Management: Glaucoma
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • icon Evaluation
  • Intraocular Inflammation and Infection
  • Ocular Tumors
  • Enucleation
  • 23. Assessment and Management: Auditory Problems
  • Structures and Functions of the Auditory System
  • External Ear
  • Middle Ear
  • Inner Ear
  • How Do We Hear?
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on the Auditory System
  • Auditory System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Medications
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Physical Assessment
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Audiometry
  • External Ear and Ear Canal Problems
  • External Otitis
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Cerumen and Foreign Bodies in Ear Canal
  • Trauma
  • Cancer of External Ear
  • Middle Ear Problems
  • Acute Otitis Media
  • Otitis Media with Effusion
  • Chronic Otitis Media with Mastoiditis
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Otosclerosis
  • Inner Ear Problems
  • Ménière Disease
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
  • Acoustic Neuroma
  • Tinnitus
  • Hearing Loss and Deafness
  • Types of Hearing Loss
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • 24. Assessment: Integumentary System
  • Structures and Functions of Skin and Appendages
  • Structures
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous Tissue
  • Skin Appendages
  • Functions
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System
  • Integumentary System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Physical Assessment
  • Assessment of Dark Skin
  • Diagnostic Studies of the Integumentary System
  • 25. Integumentary Problems
  • Promoting Skin Health
  • Skin Cancer
  • Etiology
  • Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
  • Actinic Keratosis
  • Basal Cell Carcinoma
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Melanoma
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Atypical or Dysplastic Nevus
  • Skin Infections
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Fungal
  • Infestations and Bites
  • Allergic Skin Problems
  • Skin Drug Reactions
  • Benign Skin Problems
  • Interprofessional Care: Skin Problems
  • Phototherapy
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Lasers
  • Drug Therapy
  • Antibiotics
  • Corticosteroids
  • Antihistamines
  • Fluorouracil
  • Immunomodulators
  • Diagnostic and Surgical Therapy
  • Skin Scraping
  • Electrodessication and Electrocoagulation
  • Curettage
  • Punch Biopsy
  • Cryosurgery
  • Excision
  • icon Nursing Management: Skin Problems
  • Wet Compresses
  • Baths
  • Hygiene
  • Topical Medications
  • Control of Itching
  • Preventing Spread
  • Preventing Secondary Infections
  • Cosmetic Camouflage
  • Postprocedure Care
  • Psychologic Effects of Skin Problems
  • Cosmetic Procedures
  • Nonsurgical Procedures
  • Surgical Therapies
  • Liposuction
  • icon Nursing Management: Cosmetic Surgery
  • Preoperative Management
  • Postoperative Management
  • Skin Grafts
  • Uses
  • 26. Burns
  • Burn Injury
  • Types of Burn Injury
  • Thermal
  • Chemical
  • Electrical
  • Classification of Burn Injury
  • Burn Depth
  • Extent of Burn
  • Location
  • Risk Factors
  • Phases of Burn Management
  • Prehospital and Emergency Care
  • Emergent Phase
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Interprofessional And Nursing Management: Emergent Phase
  • Airway Management
  • Fluid Therapy
  • Wound Care
  • Other Care Measures
  • Drug Therapy
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • Acute Phase
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Fluid and Electrolytes
  • Complications
  • Interprofessional And Nursing Management: Acute Phase
  • Wound Care
  • Excision and Grafting
  • Pain Management
  • Physical and Occupational Therapy
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • Rehabilitation Phase
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Nursing Management: Rehabilitation Phase
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: Burns
  • Emotional and Psychologic Care
  • Special Needs of Nurses
  • Section 6. Problems of Oxygenation: Ventilation
  • 27. Assessment: Respiratory System
  • Structures and Functions of the Respiratory System
  • Upper Respiratory Tract
  • Lower Respiratory Tract
  • Surfactant
  • Blood Supply
  • Chest Wall
  • Physiology of Respiration
  • Oxygenation
  • Ventilation
  • Compliance and Resistance
  • Control of Respiration
  • Chemoreceptors
  • Mechanical Receptors
  • Respiratory Defense Mechanisms
  • Air Filtration
  • Mucociliary Clearance System
  • Cough Reflex
  • Reflex Bronchoconstriction
  • Alveolar Macrophages
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on the Respiratory System
  • Respiratory System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Physical Assessment
  • Diagnostic Studies of the Respiratory System
  • Oximetry
  • Arterial
  • Venous
  • Arterial Blood Gases
  • CO2 Monitoring
  • Sputum Studies
  • Skin Tests
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Lung Biopsy
  • Thoracentesis
  • Pulmonary Function Tests
  • 28. Supporting Ventilation
  • Respiratory Physiotherapy
  • Breathing Techniques
  • Airway Clearance Techniques
  • Huff Coughing
  • Chest Physical Therapy
  • Postural Drainage
  • Percussion
  • Vibration
  • O2 Therapy
  • Methods of O2 Administration
  • Humidification
  • Complications
  • Combustion
  • O2 Toxicity
  • Absorption Atelectasis
  • CO2 Narcosis
  • Infection
  • icon Nursing Management: O2 Therapy
  • O2 Therapy at Home
  • Artificial Airways
  • Nasopharyngeal Airway
  • Oropharyngeal Airway
  • Tracheostomy
  • Endotracheal Tubes
  • Intubation Procedure
  • Procedures to Support Ventilation
  • Chest Tubes and Pleural Drainage
  • Chest Tube Insertion
  • Pleural Drainage System
  • icon Nursing Management: Chest Drainage
  • Chest Tube Removal
  • Chest Surgery
  • Thoracotomy
  • Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery
  • icon Nursing Management: Chest Surgery
  • Preoperative Care
  • Postoperative Care
  • Noninvasive Ventilation
  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
  • Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
  • icon Nursing Management: Noninvasive Ventilation
  • Mechanical Ventilation
  • Types of Ventilators
  • Negative Pressure Ventilation
  • Positive Pressure Ventilation
  • Ventilator Settings
  • Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
  • Modes of Volume Ventilation
  • Alternative Modes
  • icon Nursing Management: Patient Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
  • Artificial Airway Management
  • Maintaining Correct Tube Placement
  • Maintaining Proper Cuff Inflation
  • Maintaining Tube Patency
  • Maintaining Alarm Systems
  • Analgesia and Sedation
  • Hemodynamic Monitoring
  • Oxygenation and Ventilation
  • Oral Care
  • Skin Integrity
  • Nutrition Therapy and Gastrointestinal Prophylaxis
  • Venous Thromboembolism
  • Early Mobility
  • Communication
  • Psychosocial Concerns
  • Preventing Delirium
  • “Rescue” Therapies
  • Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators
  • Prone Positioning
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • Complications of Mechanical Ventilation
  • Aspiration
  • Sodium and Water Imbalance
  • Adverse Hemodynamic Effects
  • Alveolar Ventilation Changes
  • Barotrauma
  • Volutrauma
  • Auto-Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
  • Ventilator Malfunction
  • Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
  • Unplanned Extubation
  • Weaning From Positive Pressure Ventilation
  • Extubation
  • Tracheostomy
  • Preparing the Patient for a Tracheostomy
  • Preprocedure Care
  • During the Procedure
  • Postprocedure Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Patient with a Tracheostomy
  • Acute Care
  • Accidental Decannulation
  • Decannulation
  • Chronic Care
  • Swallowing Problems
  • Speech With a Tracheostomy Tube
  • Mechanical Ventilation in the Home
  • 29. Upper Respiratory Problems
  • Nasal and Sinus Problems
  • Deviated Septum
  • Nasal Fracture
  • Rhinoplasty
  • Epistaxis
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Allergic Rhinitis
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Nasal Polyps
  • Foreign Bodies
  • Upper Respiratory Infections
  • Acute Viral Rhinopharyngitis
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Influenza
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Sinusitis
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Problems
  • Acute Pharyngitis
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Peritonsillar Abscess
  • Laryngeal Polyps
  • Acute Laryngitis
  • Airway Obstruction
  • Head and Neck Cancer
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Staging of Head and Neck Cancer
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Head and Neck Cancer
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • 30. Lower Respiratory Problems
  • Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
  • Acute Bronchitis
  • Pertussis
  • Pneumonia
  • Etiology
  • Classifications of Pneumonia
  • Types of Pneumonia
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Pneumonia
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Tuberculosis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Classification
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Tuberculosis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Atypical Mycobacteria
  • Pulmonary Fungal Infections
  • Lung Abscess
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Restrictive Respiratory Disorders
  • Atelectasis
  • Pleurisy
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Types of Pleural Effusions
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Interstitial Lung Diseases
  • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Chest Trauma and Thoracic Injury
  • Fractured Ribs
  • Flail Chest
  • Pneumothorax
  • Types of Pneumothoraxes
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Vascular Lung Disorders
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Pulmonary Embolism
  • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
  • Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
  • Secondary Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
  • Cor Pulmonale
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Environment Lung Disease
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Lung Transplants
  • Preoperative Care
  • Postoperative Care
  • Lung Cancer
  • Etiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Types of Lung Tumors
  • Paraneoplastic Syndrome
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Lung Cancer
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • 31. Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Bronchiectasis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Implementation
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • icon Genetic Link
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Cystic Fibrosis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • Asthma
  • Risk Factors and Triggers
  • Nose and Sinus Problems
  • Allergens
  • Cigarette Smoke
  • Air Pollutants
  • Respiratory Tract Infections
  • Immune Response
  • Genetics
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
  • Drugs and Food Additives
  • Exercise
  • Occupation Factors
  • Psychologic Factors
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Asthma Classifications
  • Complications
  • Status Asthmaticus
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Drug Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Asthma
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • Drug Therapy Teaching
  • icon Evaluation
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  • Risk Factors
  • Cigarette Smoking
  • Infection
  • Asthma
  • Air Pollution
  • Occupation Chemicals and Dusts
  • Aging
  • Genetics
  • Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
  • Pathophysiology
  • Classification of COPD
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Acute Exacerbations
  • Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
  • Acute Respiratory Failure
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Oxygen Therapy
  • Drug Therapy
  • Respiratory Care
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • Surgical Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: COPD
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • End-of-Life Care
  • icon Evaluation
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: COPD
  • 32. Acute Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  • Acute Respiratory Failure
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
  • Consequences of Hypoxemia
  • Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • icon Nursing and interprofessional Management: ARF
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Acute Care
  • Respiratory Care
  • Drug Therapy
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • icon Evaluation
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: ARF
  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  • Etiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Injury or Exudative Phase
  • Reparative or Proliferative Phase
  • Fibrotic or Fibroproliferative Phase
  • Clinical Progression
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Complications
  • Complications of Mechanical Ventilation
  • Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
  • Acute Kidney Injury
  • Psychologic Issues
  • icon Nursing and interprofessional Management: ARDS
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Respiratory Management
  • Supportive Care
  • icon Evaluation
  • Section 7. Problems of Oxygenation: Transport
  • 33. Assessment: Hematologic System
  • Structures and Functions of the Hematologic System
  • Bone Marrow
  • Blood
  • Plasma
  • Blood Cells
  • Iron Metabolism
  • Clotting Mechanisms
  • Vascular Injury, Endothelial Sloughing, Subendothelial Exposure, and Vasoconstriction
  • Adhesion
  • Activation and Conformational Change
  • Aggregation
  • Platelet Plug Formation
  • Clot Retraction and Dissolution
  • Spleen
  • Lymph System
  • Liver
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on the Hematologic System
  • Hematologic System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Physical Assessment
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Laboratory Studies
  • Complete Blood Count
  • Blood Typing and Rh Factor
  • Iron Metabolism
  • Biopsies
  • Bone Marrow Examination
  • Lymph Node Biopsy
  • Molecular Cytogenetics and Gene Analysis
  • 34. Hematologic Problems
  • Anemias
  • Anemia
  • Definition and Classification
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • icon Nursing Management: Anemia
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: Anemia
  • Anemia Caused by Decreased RBC Production
  • Iron Deficiency Anemia
  • Etiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Thalassemia
  • Etiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Megaloblastic Anemias
  • Cobalamin Deficiency
  • Etiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Folic Acid Deficiency
  • Anemia of Chronic Disease
  • Aplastic Anemia
  • Etiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Anemia Caused by Blood Loss
  • Acute Blood Loss
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Chronic Blood Loss
  • Anemia Caused by Increased RBC Destruction
  • Sickle Cell Disease
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Acquired Hemolytic Anemia
  • Red Blood Cell Disorders
  • Hemochromatosis
  • Polycythemia
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Problems of Hemostasis
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Thrombocytopenia
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Hemophilia and Von Willebrand Disease
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Hemophilia
  • icon Implementation
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
  • Neutropenia
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Myelodysplastic Syndrome
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Leukemia
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Classification
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Leukemia
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Lymphomas
  • Hodgkin Lymphoma
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic and Staging Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic and Staging Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Multiple Myeloma
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Spleen Problems
  • Blood Component Therapy
  • Administration Procedure
  • Blood Transfusion Reactions
  • Autotransfusion
  • Section 8. Problems of Oxygenation: Perfusion
  • 35. Assessment: Cardiovascular System
  • Structures and Function of the Cardiovascular System
  • Heart
  • Structure
  • Blood Flow Through the Heart
  • Blood Supply to the Myocardium
  • Conduction System
  • Mechanical System
  • Vascular System
  • Blood Vessels
  • Regulation of the Cardiovascular System
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Baroreceptors
  • Chemoreceptors
  • Blood Pressure
  • Pulse Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on the Cardiovascular System
  • Cardiovascular System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Physical Assessment
  • Hemodynamic Monitoring
  • Hemodynamic Measurements
  • Cardiac Output and Cardiac Index
  • Preload
  • Afterload
  • Contractility
  • Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
  • Invasive Pressure Monitoring
  • Types of Invasive Pressure Monitoring
  • icon Nursing Management: Hemodynamic Monitoring
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Blood Studies
  • Cardiac Biomarkers
  • C-Reactive Protein
  • Homocysteine
  • Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers
  • Serum Lipids
  • Electrocardiography
  • Electrocardiogram
  • Event Monitor
  • Functional Studies
  • Exercise or Stress Testing
  • Imaging
  • Chest X-Ray
  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiac Computed Tomography
  • Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Nuclear Cardiology
  • Interventional Studies
  • Cardiac Catheterization
  • Intravascular Ultrasound
  • Electrophysiology Study
  • 36. Hypertension
  • Blood Pressure Regulation
  • Sympathetic Nervous System
  • Baroreceptors
  • Vascular Endothelium
  • Renal System
  • Endocrine System
  • Hypertension
  • Classification
  • Etiology
  • Primary Hypertension
  • Secondary Hypertension
  • Pathophysiology of Primary Hypertension
  • Water and Sodium Retention
  • Altered Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism
  • Stress and Increased Sympathetic Nervous System Activity
  • Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinemia
  • Endothelial Dysfunction
  • icon Genetic Link
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Hypertensive Heart Disease
  • Cerebrovascular Disease
  • Peripheral Vascular Disease
  • Nephrosclerosis
  • Retinal Damage
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Lifestyle Modifications
  • Drug Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Primary Hypertension
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Chronic Care
  • icon Evaluation
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Hypertension
  • Hypertensive Crisis
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • 37. Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • Coronary Artery Disease
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Stages of Development
  • Collateral Circulation
  • Risk Factors
  • Nonmodifiable Risk Factors
  • Major Modifiable Risk Factors
  • Contributing Modifiable Risk Factors
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management: Coronary Artery Disease
  • Health Promotion
  • Identifying High-Risk Persons
  • Managing High-Risk Persons
  • Physical Activity
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • Drug Therapy
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Coronary Artery Disease
  • Chronic Stable Angina
  • Angina With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
  • Vasospastic Angina
  • Microvascular Angina
  • Silent Ischemia
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management: Chronic Stable Angina
  • Acute Care
  • Patient Teaching
  • Drug Therapy
  • Nitrates
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
  • β-Adrenergic Blockers
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Sodium Current Inhibitor
  • Select Antiinflammatory Agent
  • Lipid-Lowering Drugs
  • Antiplatelet Therapy
  • Diagnostic and Interventional Studies
  • Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  • Surgical Coronary Revascularization
  • Traditional Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
  • Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass
  • Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass
  • Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass (Robotic-Assisted Coronary Artery Bypass)
  • Postoperative Care After CABG Surgery
  • Enhanced External Counterpulsation
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
  • Non–ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
  • Non–ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
  • Unstable Angina
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Pain
  • Sympathetic Nervous System Stimulation
  • Cardiovascular Manifestations
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Fever
  • Healing Process
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Electrocardiogram Findings
  • Cardiac Biomarkers
  • Coronary Angiography
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Emergent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
  • Thrombolytic Therapy
  • Complications of Myocardial Infarction
  • Drug Therapy
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Acute Coronary Syndrome
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Pain
  • Monitoring
  • Rest and Comfort
  • Anxiety
  • Emotional and Behavior Reactions
  • Patient Teaching
  • Physical Activity
  • Cardiac Rehabilitation
  • Resuming Sexual Activity
  • icon Evaluation
  • Sudden Cardiac Death
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Care
  • 38. Heart Failure
  • Heart Failure
  • Classifications of Heart Failure
  • New York Heart Association Classes
  • Stages of Heart Failure
  • Classification by Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
  • Etiology
  • icon Genetic Link
  • Pathophysiology
  • Left-Sided Heart Failure
  • Right-Sided Heart Failure
  • Biventricular Failure
  • Compensatory Mechanisms
  • Beneficial Counterregulatory Mechanisms
  • Clinical Manifestations: Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
  • Clinical Manifestations: Chronic Heart Failure
  • Fatigue
  • Pulmonary Manifestations
  • Tachycardia
  • Edema
  • Changes in Urine Output
  • Skin Changes
  • Mental Status and Behavior Changes
  • Sleep Problems
  • Chest Pain
  • Weight Changes
  • Complications of Heart Failure
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Dysrhythmias and Dyssynchronous Contraction
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Cardiorenal Syndrome
  • Anemia
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care: Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
  • Drug Therapy
  • Nonpharmacologic Therapies
  • Interprofessional Care: Chronic Heart Failure
  • Drug Therapy
  • Device Therapy
  • Invasive Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM)
  • Therapies for HFpEF
  • End-Stage Heart Failure Therapy
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Heart Failure
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • Palliative and End-of-Life Care
  • icon Evaluation
  • Mechanical Circulatory Support
  • Intraaortic Balloon Pump
  • Complications of IABP Therapy
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
  • Ventricular Assist Devices
  • Implantable Artificial Heart
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Heart Transplants
  • Criteria for Selection
  • Surgical Procedure
  • Posttransplant Care
  • 39. Dysrhythmias
  • Electrophysiology
  • Conduction System
  • Nervous Control of the Heart
  • Electrocardiographic Monitoring
  • Telemetry Monitoring
  • Electrophysiology of Dysrhythmias
  • Evaluating Dysrhythmias
  • Cardiac Rhythms
  • Normal Cardiac Rhythms
  • Normal Sinus Rhythm
  • Sinus Arrhythmia
  • Types of Dysrhythmias
  • Sinus Bradycardia
  • Sinus Tachycardia
  • Premature Atrial Contraction
  • Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
  • Atrial Flutter
  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Junctional Dysrhythmias
  • First-Degree AV Block
  • Second-Degree AV Block, Type I
  • Second-Degree AV Block, Type II
  • Third-Degree AV Block
  • Premature Ventricular Contractions
  • Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm
  • Ventricular Tachycardia
  • Ventricular Fibrillation
  • Asystole
  • Pulseless Electrical Activity
  • Sudden Cardiac Death
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management: Dysrhythmias
  • Antidysrhythmic Drug Therapy
  • Defibrillation
  • Synchronized Cardioversion
  • Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
  • Pacemakers
  • Permanent Pacemaker
  • Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
  • Temporary Pacemaker
  • Monitoring Patients With Pacemakers
  • Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Therapy
  • Syncope
  • 40. Inflammatory and Structural Heart Disorders
  • Inflammatory Heart Problems
  • Infective Endocarditis
  • Classification
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • iconNursing Management: Infective Endocarditis
  • iconAssessment
  • iconClinical Problems
  • iconPlanning
  • iconImplementation
  • iconEvaluation
  • Acute Pericarditis
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Acute Pericarditis
  • Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis
  • Myocarditis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Heart Valve Disease
  • Mitral Valve Stenosis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Mitral Valve Regurgitation
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Mitral Valve Prolapse
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Aortic Valve Regurgitation
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Disease
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Diagnostic Studies: Heart Valve Disease
  • Interprofessional Care: Heart Valve Disease
  • Conservative Therapy
  • Percutaneous Transluminal Balloon Valvuloplasty
  • Surgical Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Heart Valve Disease
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • 41. Vascular Disorders
  • Arterial Disease
  • Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Lower Extremity PAD
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Acute Arterial Ischemia
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Thromboangiitis Obliterans
  • Raynaud Phenomenon
  • Aortic Aneurysms
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Classification
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Aortic Aneurysms
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Aortic Dissection
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Aortic Dissection
  • Venous Disorders
  • Phlebitis
  • Venous Thrombosis
  • Etiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: VTE
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Varicose Veins
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Varicose Veins
  • Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Venous Leg Ulcers
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • 42. Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
  • Shock
  • Classification of Shock
  • Cardiogenic Shock
  • Hypovolemic Shock
  • Distributive Shock
  • Obstructive Shock
  • Stages of Shock
  • Initial Stage
  • Compensatory Stage
  • Progressive Stage
  • Refractory Stage
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Oxygen and Ventilation
  • Fluid Resuscitation
  • Drug Therapy
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • Measures Specific to Type of Shock
  • Cardiogenic Shock
  • Hypovolemic Shock
  • Septic Shock
  • Neurogenic Shock
  • Anaphylactic Shock
  • Obstructive Shock
  • icon Nursing Management: Shock
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • icon Evaluation
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
  • Etiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Preventing and Treating Infection
  • Tissue Oxygenation
  • Nutrition
  • Support of Failing Organs
  • Section 9. Problems of Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination
  • 43. Assessment: Gastrointestinal System
  • Structure and Function of the GI System
  • Ingestion
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Digestion and Absorption
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Physiology of Digestion
  • Elimination
  • Large Intestine
  • Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas
  • Liver
  • Biliary Tract
  • Pancreas
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on the GI System
  • GI System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Physical Assessment
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Radiologic Studies
  • Upper GI Series
  • Lower GI Series
  • Virtual Colonoscopy
  • Endoscopy
  • Liver Biopsy
  • 44. Nutrition Problems
  • Nutrition
  • Malnutrition
  • Etiology
  • Contributing Factors
  • Health Problems
  • Food Insecurity
  • Pathophysiology
  • Inflammation
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • icon Nursing Management: Malnutrition
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • icon Evaluation
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Malnutrition
  • Advanced Nutrition Support
  • Enteral Nutrition
  • EN Access
  • EN Safety
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Enteral Nutrition
  • Parenteral Nutrition
  • Composition
  • Methods of Administration
  • icon Nursing Management: Parenteral Nutrition
  • Home Nutrition Support
  • 45. Obesity
  • Epidemiology
  • Etiology
  • icon Genetic Link
  • Physiologic Regulatory Mechanisms in Obesity
  • Environment Factors
  • Psychologic Factors
  • Weight-Promoting Drugs
  • Complications
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Diabetes
  • Gastrointestinal and Liver Problems
  • Respiratory and Sleep Problems
  • Musculoskeletal Problems
  • Cancer
  • Stress and Psychosocial Problems
  • icon Nursing Management: Obesity
  • icon Assessment
  • Classifications of Body Weight and Obesity
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • Physical Activity
  • Behavior Therapy
  • Drug Therapy
  • icon Evaluation
  • Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and Devices
  • Bariatric Devices
  • Adjustable Gastric Banding
  • Intragastric Balloons
  • Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty
  • Surgical Procedures
  • Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (Gastric Sleeve)
  • Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
  • Other Surgical Procedures
  • icon Nursing Management: Perioperative Care for Patients With Obesity
  • Perioperative Care
  • Care of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Obesity in Older Adults
  • Cosmetic Surgery
  • Lipectomy
  • Liposuction
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Nursing and Interprofessional Management
  • 46. Upper Gastrointestinal Problems
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Drug Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Nausea and Vomiting
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • icon Evaluation
  • Oral Problems
  • Inflammations and Infections
  • Oral Cancer
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Oral Cancer
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Esophageal Problems
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Nursing and Interprofessional Management
  • Hiatal Hernia
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Nursing and Interprofessional Management
  • Esophageal Cancer
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Esophageal Cancer
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Other Esophageal Problems
  • Eosinophilic Esophagitis
  • Esophageal Diverticula
  • Esophageal Strictures
  • Achalasia
  • Esophageal Varices
  • Stomach and Upper Small Intestine Problems
  • Peptic Ulcer Disease
  • Types
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Complications
  • icon Nursing Management: Peptic Ulcer Disease
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Stomach Cancer
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Stomach Cancer
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
  • Gastritis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Nursing and Interprofessional Management
  • Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Gastric Surgery
  • Postoperative Complications
  • icon Nursing Management: Gastric Surgery
  • Preoperative Care
  • Postoperative Care
  • Foodborne Illness
  • 47. Lower Gastrointestinal Problems
  • General GI and Abdominal Problems
  • Diarrhea
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Acute Diarrhea
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Fecal Incontinence
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Fecal Incontinence
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Implementation
  • Constipation
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Constipation
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Implementation
  • Chronic Abdominal Pain
  • Acute Abdominal Pain
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Abdominal Trauma
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Abdominal Surgery
  • Laparotomy and Laparoscopy
  • Preoperative Care
  • Postoperative Care
  • Bowel Resection and Ostomy Surgery
  • Ostomy
  • icon Nursing Management: Bowel Resection and Ostomy Surgery
  • Preoperative Care
  • Postoperative Care
  • Patient Teaching and Support
  • Inflammatory Problems
  • Appendicitis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Appendicitis
  • Peritonitis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Peritonitis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Implementation
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Etiology
  • icon Genetic Link
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Functional GI Problems
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • Bowel Obstruction
  • Types
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Bowel Obstruction
  • Large Intestine Polyps
  • icon Genetic Link
  • Colorectal Cancer
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Colorectal Cancer
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Implementation
  • Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Fistulas
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Hernias
  • Types
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Malabsorption Problems
  • Malabsorption
  • Celiac Disease
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Lactase Deficiency
  • Short Bowel Syndrome
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Anorectal Problems
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Anal Fissure
  • Anorectal Abscess
  • Anal Fistula
  • Anal Cancer
  • Pilonidal Sinus
  • 48. Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas Problems
  • Liver Problems
  • Hepatitis
  • Viral Hepatitis
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Viral Hepatitis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Drug- And Chemical-Induced Liver Diseases
  • Autoimmune, Genetic, and Metabolic Liver Diseases
  • Autoimmune Hepatitis
  • Wilson Disease
  • Hemochromatosis
  • Primary Biliary Cholangitis
  • Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
  • Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatohepatitis
  • Cirrhosis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Cirrhosis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Acute Liver Failure
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Liver Cancer
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Liver Transplants
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Liver Disease
  • Pancreas Problems
  • Acute Pancreatitis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Acute Pancreatitis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Chronic Pancreatitis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Pancreatic Cancer
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Pancreatic Cancer
  • Biliary Tract Problems
  • Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Gallbladder Disease
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Gallbladder Cancer
  • Section 10. Problems of Urinary Function
  • 49. Assessment: Urinary System
  • Urinary System Structures and Functions
  • Kidneys
  • Macrostructure
  • Microstructure
  • Blood Supply
  • Physiology of Urine Formation
  • Other Functions of Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
  • Urethrovesical Unit
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on the Urinary System
  • Urinary System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Physical Assessment
  • Diagnostic Studies of The Urinary System
  • Urine Studies
  • Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance
  • Urodynamic Studies
  • Radiologic Studies
  • 50. Renal and Urologic Problems
  • Infectious and Inflammatory Urinary Problems
  • Urinary Tract Infection
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Urinary Tract Infection
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Acute Pyelonephritis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Acute Pyelonephritis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Implementation
  • Chronic Pyelonephritis
  • Urethritis
  • Urethral Diverticula
  • Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: IC/PBS
  • Genitourinary Tuberculosis
  • Glomerular Diseases
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
  • Chronic Glomerulonephritis
  • Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease
  • Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
  • Nephrotic Syndrome
  • Etiology and Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Obstructive Problems
  • Urinary Tract Calculi
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Types of Urinary Stones
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Urinary Tract CALCULI
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Strictures
  • Ureteral Strictures
  • Urethral Strictures
  • Renal Trauma
  • Renal Vascular Problems
  • Nephrosclerosis
  • Renal Artery Stenosis
  • Renal Vein Thrombosis
  • Hereditary Kidney Disease
  • Polycystic Kidney Disease
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease
  • Alport Syndrome
  • Urinary Tract Tumors
  • Kidney Cancer
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Bladder Cancer
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Bladder Dysfunction
  • Urinary Incontinence
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Urinary Incontinence
  • Urinary Retention
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Urinary Retention
  • Catheterization
  • Indications for and Complications of Catheterization
  • Catheter Construction
  • Types of Catheters
  • Urethral Catheterization
  • Ureteral Catheters
  • Suprapubic Catheters
  • Nephrostomy Tubes
  • Intermittent Catheterization
  • Urinary Tract Surgery
  • Renal and Ureteral Surgery
  • Surgical Procedure
  • Nursing Care
  • Urinary Diversion
  • Incontinent Urinary Diversion
  • Continent Urinary Diversions
  • Orthotopic Bladder Reconstruction
  • icon Nursing Management: Urinary Diversion
  • Preoperative Care
  • Postoperative Care
  • 51. Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Kidney Failure
  • Acute Kidney Injury
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Acute Kidney Injury
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Acute Kidney Injury
  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Chronic Kidney Disease
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Renal Replacement Therapy
  • General Principles of Renal replacement therapy
  • Peritoneal Dialysis
  • Catheter Placement
  • Dialysis Solutions and Cycles
  • Peritoneal Dialysis Systems
  • Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis
  • Hemodialysis
  • Vascular Access Sites
  • Arteriovenous Fistulas and Grafts
  • Dialyzers
  • Procedure for Hemodialysis
  • Complications of Hemodialysis
  • icon Nursing Management: Hemodialysis
  • Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
  • Kidney Transplants
  • Recipient Selection
  • Donor Sources
  • Surgical Procedure
  • icon Nursing Management: Kidney Transplant Recipient
  • Preoperative Care
  • Postoperative Care
  • Immunosuppressive Therapy
  • Complications of Transplants
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Section 11. Problems Related to Regulatory and Reproductive Mechanisms
  • 52. Assessment: Endocrine System
  • Endocrine System Structure and Function
  • Hormones
  • Hormone Regulation
  • Glands
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Anterior Pituitary
  • Posterior Pituitary
  • Pineal Gland
  • Thyroid Gland
  • Parathyroid Glands
  • Adrenal Glands
  • Adrenal Medulla
  • Adrenal Cortex
  • Pancreas
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on the Endocrine System
  • Endocrine System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Physical Assessment
  • Diagnostic Studies of the Endocrine System
  • 53. Diabetes
  • Pathogenesis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Normal Glucose and Insulin Metabolism
  • Type 1 Diabetes
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Prediabetes
  • Gestational Diabetes
  • Specific Types of Diabetes
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Type 1 Diabetes
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Drug Therapy
  • Insulin
  • Oral and Noninsulin Injectable Agents
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • Type 1 Diabetes
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Food Composition
  • Exercise
  • Glucose Monitoring
  • Pancreas Transplant
  • icon Nursing Management: Diabetes
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Acute Complications
  • Diabetes-Related Ketoacidosis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia Syndrome
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: DKA and HHS
  • Hypoglycemia
  • icon Nursing Management: Hypoglycemia
  • Chronic Complications
  • Angiopathy
  • Macrovascular Complications
  • Microvascular Complications
  • Retinopathy
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Nephropathy
  • Neuropathy
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Classification
  • Complications of Feet and Lower Extremities
  • Skin Complications
  • Infection
  • Psychologic Considerations
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: DM
  • 54. Endocrine Problems
  • Anterior Pituitary Gland Problems
  • Acromegaly
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Excesses of other Tropic Hormones
  • Pituitary Gland Hypofunction
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Pituitary Surgery
  • Posterior Pituitary Gland Problems
  • Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) Disorder
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Thyroid Problems
  • Goiter
  • Thyroiditis
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Hyperthyroidism
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Hypothyroidism
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Thyroid Nodules and Cancer
  • Types of Thyroid Cancer
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
  • Parathyroid Gland Problems
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Hyperparathyroidism
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Adrenal Cortex Problems
  • Cushing Syndrome
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Cushing Syndrome
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Adrenocortical Insufficiency
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Hyperaldosteronism
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Corticosteroid Therapy
  • Adrenal Medulla Problems
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • 55. Assessment: Reproductive System
  • Structures and Functions of the Reproductive System
  • Female Reproductive System
  • Pelvic Organs
  • External Genitalia
  • Breasts
  • Male Reproductive System
  • Testes
  • Ducts
  • Glands
  • External Genitalia
  • Neuroendocrine Regulation of the Reproductive System
  • Menstrual Cycle
  • Sexual Response
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on Reproductive Systems
  • Reproductive System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Approach to Intimate Physical Assessment
  • Diagnostic Studies of the Reproductive System
  • Nursing Responsibility for Diagnostic Procedures
  • 56. Breast Problems
  • Assessment of Breast Problems
  • Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Radiologic Studies
  • Biopsies
  • Benign Breast Problems
  • Mastalgia
  • Breast Infections
  • Mastitis
  • Lactational Breast Abscess
  • Fibrocystic Changes
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Fibroadenoma
  • Nipple Discharge
  • Atypical Hyperplasia
  • Intraductal Papilloma
  • Ductal Ectasia
  • Male Gynecomastia
  • Senescent Gynecomastia
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: Age-Related Breast Changes
  • Breast Cancer
  • Etiology and Risk Factors
  • Female Risk Factors
  • Male Risk Factors
  • icon Genetic Link
  • Pathophysiology
  • Types of Breast Cancer
  • Noninvasive Breast Cancer
  • Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
  • Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
  • Other Types of Breast Cancer
  • Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Axillary Lymph Node Analysis
  • Tumor Size
  • Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status
  • Genomic Assay
  • Cell-Proliferative Indices
  • Breast Cancer Staging
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Surgical Therapy
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Drug Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Breast Cancer
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Breast Cancer
  • Mammoplasty
  • Breast Reconstruction
  • Indications
  • Types of Reconstruction
  • Breast Augmentation
  • Breast Reduction
  • Breast Lift
  • icon Nursing Management: Breast Augmentation and Reduction
  • 57. Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Epidemiology
  • STIs With Discharge, Cervitis, or Urethritis
  • Chlamydial Infections
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Gonococcal Infections
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Trichomoniasis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • STIs With Genital Lesions or Ulcers
  • Genital Herpes Infections
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Genital Warts
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Complications
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Syphilis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: STIs
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • 58. Female Reproductive Problems
  • Obstetric Problems
  • Infertility
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Pregnancy Loss
  • Spontaneous Abortion
  • Pregnancy Termination
  • Ectopic Pregnancy
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Menstrual Problems
  • Premenstrual Disorders
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Menopause
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Menopause
  • Genital Tract Infections
  • Lower Genital Tract Infections
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Benign Gynecologic Problems
  • Cervical Problems
  • Uterine Problems
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Adnexal Masses
  • Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Vaginal Fistula
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Female Reproductive Cancers
  • Cervical Cancer
  • Ovarian Cancer
  • Uterine Cancer
  • Vaginal and Vulvar Cancer
  • icon Nursing Management: Female Reproductive System Cancers
  • Acute Intervention Related to Surgery
  • Sexual Dysfunction
  • Sexual Assault
  • 59. Male Reproductive Problems
  • Prostate Gland Problems
  • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: BPH
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Prostate Cancer
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • icon Genetic Link
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Prostate Cancer
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Prostatitis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Problems of The Penis
  • Congenital Problems
  • Problems of Prepuce
  • Problems of Erectile Mechanism
  • Cancer of Penis
  • Problems of The Scrotum and Testes
  • Inflammatory and Infectious Problems
  • Skin Problems
  • Epididymitis
  • Orchitis
  • Congenital Problems
  • Acquired Problems
  • Hydrocele
  • Spermatocele
  • Varicocele
  • Testicular Torsion
  • Testicular Cancer
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Sexual and Reproductive Function
  • Vasectomy
  • Erectile Dysfunction
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Hypogonadism
  • Infertility
  • Section 12. Problems Related to Movement and Coordination
  • 60. Assessment: Nervous System
  • Structures and Functions of the Nervous System
  • Nervous System Cells
  • Neurons
  • Glial Cells
  • Nerve Regeneration
  • Nerve Impulse
  • Neurotransmitters
  • Central Nervous System
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
  • Peripheral Nervous System
  • Spinal Nerves
  • Cranial Nerves
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Cerebral Circulation
  • Blood-Brain Barrier
  • Protective Structures
  • Meninges
  • Skull
  • Vertebral Column
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on the Nervous System
  • Nervous System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Physical Assessment
  • Diagnostic Studies of the Nervous System
  • 61. Acute Intracranial Problems
  • Intracranial Regulation
  • Normal Compensatory Adaptations
  • Cerebral Blood Flow
  • Factors Affecting Cerebral Blood Flow
  • Increased Intracranial Pressure
  • Mechanisms of Increased Intracranial Pressure
  • Cerebral Edema
  • Vasogenic Cerebral Edema
  • Cytotoxic Cerebral Edema
  • Interstitial Cerebral Edema
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Change in Level of Consciousness
  • Changes in Vital Signs
  • Ocular Signs
  • Decrease in Motor Function
  • Headache
  • Vomiting
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Monitoring ICP and Cerebral Oxygenation
  • Indications for ICP Monitoring
  • Methods of Measuring ICP
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage
  • Cerebral Oxygenation Monitoring
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Drug Therapy
  • Nutrition Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Increased Intracranial Pressure
  • icon Assessment
  • Glasgow Coma Scale
  • Neurologic Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Respiratory Function
  • Sedation
  • Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
  • Monitoring ICP
  • Body Position
  • Protection From Injury
  • Psychologic Considerations
  • icon Evaluation
  • Head Injury
  • Types of Head Injuries
  • Scalp Lacerations
  • Skull Fractures
  • Head Trauma
  • Complications
  • Epidural Hematoma
  • Subdural Hematoma
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Head Injury
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • icon Evaluation
  • Brain Tumors
  • Types
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Surgical Therapy
  • Ventricular Shunts
  • Radiation Therapy and Stereotactic Radiosurgery
  • Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy
  • Other Therapies
  • icon Nursing Management: Brain Tumors
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Cranial Surgery
  • Types
  • Craniotomy
  • Stereotactic Radiosurgery
  • icon Nursing Management: Cranial Surgery
  • Inflammatory Brain Conditions
  • Bacterial Meningitis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Bacterial Meningitis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Viral Meningitis
  • Brain Abscess
  • Encephalitis
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • 62. Stroke
  • Risk Factors
  • Nonmodifiable
  • Modifiable
  • Transient Ischemic Attack
  • Types of Strokes
  • Ischemic Stroke
  • Thrombotic Stroke
  • Embolic Stroke
  • Hemorrhagic Stroke
  • Intracerebral Hemorrhage
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Motor Function
  • Communication
  • Affect
  • Intellectual Function
  • Spatial-Perceptual Problems
  • Elimination
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Preventive Therapy
  • Preventive Drug Therapy
  • Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion
  • Patent Foramen Ovale
  • Surgical/Endovascular Therapy for TIA and Stroke Prevention
  • Acute Care for Ischemic Stroke
  • Drug Therapy for Ischemic Stroke
  • Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke
  • Acute Care for Hemorrhagic Stroke
  • Drug Therapy for Hemorrhagic Stroke
  • Surgical Therapy for Hemorrhagic Stroke
  • Rehabilitation Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Stroke
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • 63. Chronic Neurologic Problems
  • Headaches
  • Tension-Type Headache
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Migraine Headache
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgia
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Other Types of Headaches
  • Medication Overuse Headaches
  • Interprofessional Care: Headaches
  • Drug Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Headaches
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Chronic Neurologic Problems
  • Seizure Disorder
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Seizure Disorder
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Restless Legs Syndrome
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Degenerative Neurologic Problems
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Multiple Sclerosis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Parkinson Disease
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Parkinson Disease
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Myasthenia Gravis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Myasthenia Gravis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Huntington Disease
  • 64. Dementia and Delirium
  • Dementia
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Alzheimer Disease
  • Etiology
  • Aging
  • Family History
  • icon Genetic Link
  • Cardiovascular Factors
  • Head Trauma
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Criteria
  • Preclinical Stage
  • Mild Cognitive Impairment
  • Dementia Due to AD
  • Retrogenesis
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • Drug Therapy
  • icon Nursing Management: Alzheimer Disease
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Health Promotion
  • Chronic Care
  • icon Evaluation
  • Delirium
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Drug Therapy
  • 65. Spinal Cord and Nerve Problems
  • Spinal Cord Problems
  • Spinal Cord Injury
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: SCI
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: SCI
  • Spinal Cord Tumors
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Cranial Nerve Problems
  • Trigeminal Neuralgia
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Trigeminal Neuralgia
  • Bell Palsy
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Bell Palsy
  • Polyneuropathies
  • Guillain-Barré Syndrome
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Tetanus
  • 66. Assessment: Musculoskeletal System
  • Structures and Functions of the Musculoskeletal System
  • Bone
  • Microscopic Structure
  • Gross Structure
  • Types
  • Joints
  • Cartilage
  • Muscle
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Neuromuscular Junction
  • Ligaments and Tendons
  • Fascia
  • Bursae
  • icon Gerontologic Considerations: Effects of Aging on Musculoskeletal System
  • Musculoskeletal System Assessment
  • Subjective Data
  • Important Health Information
  • Functional Health Patterns
  • Objective Data
  • Physical Assessment
  • Musculoskeletal System Diagnostic Studies
  • 67. Musculoskeletal Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery
  • Soft Tissue Injuries
  • Sprains and Strains
  • icon Nursing Management: Sprains and Strains
  • icon Implementation
  • Dislocations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Repetitive Strain Injury
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Rotator Cuff Injury
  • Meniscus Injury
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Bursitis
  • Fractures
  • Classification
  • Manifestations
  • Fracture Healing
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Fractures
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Fracture Complications
  • Infection
  • Compartment Syndrome
  • Venous Thromboembolism
  • Fat Embolism Syndrome
  • Rhabdomyolysis
  • Care of Specific Fractures
  • Wrist Fractures
  • Humeral Shaft Fracture
  • Clavicular Fracture
  • Stable Vertebral Fracture
  • Pelvic Fracture
  • Femoral Shaft Fracture
  • Tibial Fracture
  • Hip Fracture
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Hip Fracture
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Facial Fracture
  • Mandibular Fracture
  • icon Nursing Management: Mandibular Fracture
  • Amputation
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Amputation
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Common Joint Surgeries
  • Types of Joint Surgeries
  • Synovectomy
  • Osteotomy
  • Debridement
  • Arthroplasty
  • Arthrodesis
  • icon Nursing Management: Joint Surgery
  • Preoperative Care
  • Postoperative Management
  • 68. Musculoskeletal Problems
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Osteomyelitis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • Acute Care
  • Chronic Care
  • icon Evaluation
  • Bone Tumors
  • Benign Bone Tumors
  • Malignant Bone Tumors
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Metastatic Bone Cancer
  • icon Nursing Management: Bone Cancer
  • Muscular Dystrophy
  • Low Back Pain
  • Acute Low Back Pain
  • icon Nursing Management: Acute Low Back Pain
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Implementation
  • Special Needs of Health Care Personnel
  • Chronic Low Back Pain
  • Spinal Stenosis
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Intervertebral Disc Disease
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Spine Surgery
  • Neck Pain
  • Foot Problems
  • icon Nursing Management: Foot Problems
  • icon Implementation
  • Metabolic Bone Disease
  • Osteomalacia
  • Osteoporosis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Paget Disease
  • 69. Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases
  • Arthritis
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Osteoarthritis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • iconGerontologic Considerations: Arthritis
  • Gout
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Lyme Disease
  • Septic Arthritis
  • Spondyloarthropathies
  • Axial Spondylitis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Peripheral Spondyloarthritis
  • Psoriatic Arthritis
  • Reactive Arthritis
  • Other Autoimmune Problems
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: SLE
  • icon Assessment
  • icon Clinical Problems
  • icon Planning
  • icon Implementation
  • icon Evaluation
  • Scleroderma
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional Care
  • icon Nursing Management: Scleroderma
  • Autoimmune Myositis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
  • Sjögren Syndrome
  • Chronic Muscle Pain Syndromes
  • Myofascial Pain Syndrome
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations and Complications
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
  • Etiology and Pathophysiology
  • Diagnostic Studies
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Interprofessional and Nursing Management
  • Index
  • Abbreviations