Language Development in Early Childhood Education
Kaup valmöguleikar
Note: This is the bound book only and does not include access to the Enhanced Pearson eText. To order the Enhanced Pearson eText packaged with a bound book, use ISBN 0134300777. Theory, research, and intentional developmentally appropriate practice combine to provide a solid foundation for understanding language development from birth to Grade 3. Language Development in Early Childhood Education helps future early childhood educators support children's language development from birth through age 8 or 3rd grade.
The text presents a compelling, comprehensive view of key linguistic concepts, language development theory, and research while remaining focused on the development of phonological, semantic, syntactic, morphemic, and pragmatic language skills, children’s understanding of written language, and ways in which this acquisition process can be enhanced in early childhood settings. Interesting vignettes of young children's language development open each chapter, and within each chapter anecdotal narratives illustrate key concepts and interaction strategies.
Balanced, multidisciplinary, and comprehensive, the approach to language development is ideal for preservice teachers in undergraduate and graduate early childhood education, as well as for continued professional development among inservice teachers. The text has been updated and expanded throughout, and the new Enhanced Pearson eText features links to video clips; alignment among Learning Outcomes, chapter sections, and pop-up multiple-choice quizzes; and a digital Glossary linking key terms to definitions in the eText.
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Nánar um bókina
- Pearson Education (US)
- 9780134519852
- 9780134552620
- ePub
- 5
- Beverly W. Otto
- English
- 2017-01-09
- 100
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Contents
- Correlation of Chapter Content with NAEYC® Standards for Early Childhood Professional Preparation Programs
- Language Development in Early Childhood Education
- About the Author
- Preface
- New to this Edition
- Organization of This Book
- For the Professor
- Brief Contents
- Contents
- Chapter 1 Language in Our Lives
- Learning Outcomes
- Becoming Speakers, Readers, and Writers
- Aspects of Language Knowledge
- Phonological Knowledge
- How phonological knowledge develops
- Semantic Knowledge
- Syntactic Knowledge
- Morphemic Knowledge
- Pragmatic Knowledge
- Relation of Aspects of Language Knowledge to Communication
- Levels of Language Knowledge
- Oral and Written Language Modes
- Critical Role of Children’s Oral Language Competencies
- Insights from Research on Oral and Written Language
- A longitudinal study of oral language development
- A study of children’s early writing
- Research on children’s use of language in literacy-related settings
- A study of children’s oral and written narratives
- A longitudinal study of low-income children
- Research implications
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Observation
- For Research
- Chapter 2 Theoretical Perspectives and Contexts of Language Development
- Learning Outcomes
- Learning to Communicate: Theoretical Perspectives
- Nativist Perspective
- Implications of the nativist perspective for early childhood classrooms
- Cognitive Developmental Perspective
- Implications of the cognitive developmental perspective for early childhood classrooms
- Behaviorist Perspective
- Implications of the behaviorist perspective for early childhood classrooms.
- Sociocultural Perspective
- Role of the adult in the sociocultural perspective
- Cambourne’s work and the role of the environment in facilitating oral language development
- Implications of the sociocultural perspective for early childhood classrooms
- Interactive-Emergentist Perspective
- Implications of the interactive-emergentist perspective for early childhood classrooms
- The Brain’s Role in Language Development
- Complex Structure of Brain Cells
- Main Areas of the Brain
- Areas of the Brain Associated with Language Production and Comprehension
- Contexts of Language Development
- Patterns of Interaction: Overview
- Eye contact and shared reference
- Communication loop
- Child-directed speech
- Verbal mapping
- Questioning
- Linguistic scaffolding
- Mediation
- Home, Community, and School Settings
- Recent Research on Nature–Nurture Connections and Language Development
- Role of Early Childhood Teachers
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Discussion
- Observation
- Chapter 3 Language Development among Children of Linguistic Diversity
- Learning Outcomes
- Culture and Language
- Sociolinguistics
- Cultural Context of Families and Language Development
- Implications of cultural–linguistic diversities for early childhood classrooms
- Language Diversity
- Language Variations: Key Definitions
- Linguistic flexibility
- Language Variation and Diversity in Classrooms
- African American English
- Academic English Register
- Specific features of academic english register
- Importance of academic english register
- Teacher’s role in encouraging acquisition of academic english
- Second Language Acquisition
- Becoming Bilingual
- Benefits of bilingualism
- Challenges faced by second language learners
- Sequence of second language acquisition
- Factors Influencing Second Language Acquisition
- Learner characteristics
- Social setting
- Linguistic input
- Programs for Second Language Learners
- Conversational Proficiency and Academic Language Proficiency Needed
- Language Acquisition and Language Learning
- Approaches to Second Language Acquisition and Learning
- English as a Second Language (ESL)
- Bilingual Education
- Submersion Approach
- Guidelines for Teachers in Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Classrooms
- Examine Your Own Perspective
- Reflect on your attitudes and perspectives toward linguistic and cultural diversity.
- Examine your own culture thoroughly
- Create a Positive Classroom Environment
- Build on First Language Competencies
- Create a Learning Community with Children and Families
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Observation
- Curriculum Development
- Chapter 4 Language Development of Infants and Toddlers
- Learning Outcomes
- Early Communication Contexts
- Phonological Development
- Infants
- Perception of Speech Sounds
- Role of Prosody
- Production of Speech Sounds
- Early Vocalizations
- Early Book Sharing with Infants and Phonological Development
- Toddlers
- Phonological Awareness and Toddlers’ Experiences with Print
- Health Problems and Phonological Development
- Ear Infections
- Prevalence.
- Symptoms of Ear Infections
- Treatment.
- Effects of Ear Infections
- Physical Malformations in the Speech Mechanism
- Semantic Development
- Infants
- Early Associations Between Speech and Meaning
- Concept Development and Receptive Semantic Knowledge
- Direct and Vicarious Experiences
- Affective Experience and Concept Development.
- Symbol Formation: Associating Speech Sounds with Meaning
- Key Interaction Patterns in Symbol Formation.
- Expressive Semantic Knowledge
- Semantic Knowledge of Infants and Emergent Literacy
- Toddlers
- Semantic Knowledge of Toddlers and Emergent Literacy
- Syntactic Development
- Infants
- Syntactic Knowledge of Infants and Storybook Interactions
- Toddlers
- Syntactic Patterns in Telegraphic Speech
- Acquisition of Pronouns
- Emergent Literacy and Syntactic Knowledge
- Morphemic Development
- Infants
- Toddlers
- Pragmatic Development
- Infants
- Use of Gestures to Communicate
- Symbolic Gestures
- Dialogic Turn Taking
- Toddlers
- Routine Expressions
- Conversations
- Toddlers’ Pragmatic Knowledge and Emergent Literacy
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Research
- Discussion
- Chapter 5 Enhancing Language Development in Infants and Toddlers
- Learning Outcomes
- Developmental Appropriateness of Curricula
- Role of Teachers
- Culturally Appropriate Practices
- General Guidelines for Interaction with Infants
- Key Interaction Patterns
- Eye contact and shared reference
- Communication loops
- Verbal mapping
- Child-directed speech
- Infant Curricula
- Exploratory Activities
- Crib-based activities
- Mobiles
- Crib activity centers
- Crib-appropriate objects
- Room-based exploratory activities
- Balls and push–pull toys
- Music
- Teacher-Mediated Activities
- Songs and finger plays
- Selected objects and activities
- Books
- Selecting books to share
- Sharing books with infants
- Routine Activities
- General Guidelines for Interactions with Toddlers
- Key Interaction Patterns
- Eye contact and shared reference
- Communication loops
- Verbal mapping
- Child-directed speech
- Mediation
- Interaction with Toddlers Who Are English Language Learners
- Use of Symbolic Gestures with Toddlers
- Benefits of using symbolic gestures
- Guidelines for using symbolic gestures, or signs, with toddlers
- Toddler Curricula
- Exploratory Activities
- Blocks and manipulatives
- Book corner
- Writing center
- Discovery centers
- Drama corner
- Sensory table activities
- Art activities
- Outdoor activities
- Teacher-Mediated Activities
- Book sharing
- Selection of books
- Interaction strategies for book sharing
- Songs and finger plays
- Activity boxes
- Outdoor activities
- Routine Activities
- Arrival
- Snack time and mealtime
- Departure
- Family Connections
- General Guidelines
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Curriculum Development
- Observation
- Chapter 6 Language Development in Preschoolers
- Learning Outcomes
- Development of Phonological Knowledge
- Patterns of Development
- Phonemic Awareness
- Engaging in sound play
- Matching speech sounds to print
- Development of Semantic Knowledge
- Experiential Basis for Semantic Knowledge
- Assimilation and accommodation
- Overextensions and Underextensions of Semantic Knowledge
- Semantic Development and Book-Sharing Experiences
- Semantic Knowledge and Figurative Language
- Semantic Knowledge and Preschoolers’ Narratives
- Development of Syntactic Knowledge
- Mean Length of Utterance (MLU)
- Noun and Verb Phrase Complexity
- Negation
- Interrogatives
- Passive Sentences
- Development of Morphemic Knowledge
- Role of Experimentation
- Observation of Children’s Experiments with Language
- Development of Pragmatic Knowledge
- Use of Language Differently for Different Purposes
- Evidence of Pragmatic Knowledge in Dramatic Play
- Evidence of Pragmatic Knowledge from Ethnographic Research
- Pragmatic Development and Preschoolers’ Oral Narratives
- Evidence of Pragmatic Knowledge in Children’s Interactions with Print
- Environmental print
- Early writing
- Literacy-related drama
- Pragmatic Knowledge and Storybook Experiences
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Research
- Discussion
- Chapter 7 Enhancing Language Development in Preschoolers
- Learning Outcomes
- Guidelines for Interactions with Preschoolers
- Questioning
- Level of questioning
- Spontaneous and preplanned questions
- Varied purposes of questions
- Wait time
- Cultural differences
- Responses to children’s answers
- Revising questions to encourage children’s responses
- Linguistic Scaffolding
- Using contingent questioning
- Using expansion
- Using repetition
- Mediation
- Conflict Resolution
- Cultural differences
- Active listening
- Immediate and long-term goals of conflict resolution
- Additional Guidelines for Conversations With Preschoolers
- Exploratory Activities
- Blocks and Manipulatives
- Language goals
- Guidelines for enhancing language development
- Drama Corner
- Language goals
- Guidelines for enhancing language development
- Book Center
- Language goals
- Guidelines for enhancing language development
- Drawing-Writing Center
- Language goals
- Guidelines for enhancing language development
- Art Center
- Language goals
- Guidelines for enhancing language development
- Concept Centers
- Language goals
- Guidelines for enhancing language development
- Outdoor Play
- Language goals
- Guidelines for enhancing language development
- Teacher-Guided Activities
- Share-and-Talk
- Language goals
- Guidelines for enhancing language development
- Interactive Book Sharing
- Language goals
- Guidelines for enhancing language development
- Selection of appropriate books for interactive book sharing
- Subject content
- Language complexity
- Illustrations
- Genre
- Interaction strategies used during interactive book sharing
- Oral Storytelling
- Language goals
- Guidelines for enhancing language development
- Poetry and Song
- Language goals
- Guidelines for enhancing language development
- Routine Activities
- Arrival
- Snack Time and Lunch Time
- Departure
- Guidelines for Teachers of English Language Learners
- Supporting Children’s Home Language
- Selecting materials for your classroom
- Extending your support to children’s homes
- Providing Opportunities for Teacher-Guided Interactive Book Sharing
- Activating and Building on Prior Knowledge
- Family Connections
- Share Information About Your Curriculum
- Share Ideas for At-Home Activities
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Curriculum Development
- Observation
- Research
- Chapter 8 Language Development in Kindergartners
- Learning Outcomes
- Development of Phonological Knowledge
- Phonological Knowledge of Oral Language
- Phonological Knowledge of Written Language
- Evidence of Phonological Knowledge in Reading Attempts
- Evidence of Phonological Knowledge in Writing Attempts
- Prephonemic Spelling
- Phonemic Spelling
- Transitional Spelling
- Conventional Spelling
- Metalinguistic Awareness of Phonological Knowledge
- Development of Semantic Knowledge
- Experience and Semantic Development
- Ability to Define Words
- Figurative Language
- Humor
- Development of Syntactic Knowledge
- Pronoun Usage
- Verb Phrase Expansion
- Passive Sentences
- Development of Morphemic Knowledge
- Verb Tenses
- Comparatives and Superlatives
- Noun Suffix -er
- Development of Pragmatic Knowledge
- Pragmatic Knowledge of Oral Language
- Varied Contexts for Oral Language
- Increase in Conversational Skills
- Pragmatic Knowledge of Written Language
- Told and Dictated Stories
- Awareness of Genre
- Awareness of Written Conventions
- Observation of Kindergartners’ Language Competencies
- Key Areas to Observe
- Oral Language: Listening and Speaking
- Phonological Awareness
- Written Language Competencies
- Metalinguistic Knowledge of Literacy-Related Concepts
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Observation
- Discussion
- Research
- Chapter 9 Enhancing the Language Development of Kindergartners
- Learning Outcomes
- Overview of Kindergarten Curricula
- A Time of Transition
- Language-Related Curricular Goals
- Independent Activities in Learning Centers
- Message Center: Drawing and Writing
- Benefits
- Organization
- Strategies
- Classroom Library
- Benefits
- Organization
- Science Center
- Benefits
- Organization
- Strategies
- Media Center
- Benefits
- Organization
- Strategies
- Teacher-Directed Activities
- Share-and-Talk
- Benefits
- Organization and Strategies
- Word Study: Phonological Awareness, Letter–Sound Relationships, and Word Walls
- Benefits
- Phonological Awareness: Organization and Strategies
- Letter–Sound Relationships: Organization and Strategies
- Word Walls: Organization and Strategies
- Sight Vocabulary
- Interactive Book Sharing
- Benefits
- Organization
- Strategies
- Before Reading
- During Reading
- After Reading
- With Repeated Readings
- During Small Group Book Sharing
- With Big Books
- Book-Based Extension Activities
- Benefits
- Organization and Strategies
- Story Retelling
- Story Re-Enacting
- Story-Based Writing and Drawing
- Dictated Writing
- Benefits
- Organization and Strategies
- Morning Messages
- Benefits.
- Guidelines
- Routine Activities
- Arrival
- Benefits
- Organization and Strategies
- Calendar Time
- Benefits
- Organization and Strategies
- Family Connections
- Book Bags
- Benefits
- Organization and Strategies
- Family Literacy Activity Packs
- Benefits
- Organization and Strategies
- Classroom Newsletters
- Benefits
- Organization and Strategies
- Guidelines for Kindergarten Teachers of English Language Learners
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Observation
- Curriculum Development
- Chapter 10 Language Development in the Primary Years
- Learning Outcomes
- Development of Phonological Knowledge
- Oral Language Knowledge
- Written Language Knowledge
- Onset and rime
- Developmental sequence
- Spelling
- Role of experiences
- Development of Semantic Knowledge
- Vocabulary
- Figurative Language
- Humor
- Specialized Vocabulary
- Content area instruction
- Home and community experiences
- Development of Syntactic Knowledge
- Sentence Complexity
- Pronoun References
- Passive Sentences
- Development of Morphemic Knowledge
- Inflectional Morphemes
- Derivational Morphemes
- Role of Classroom Instruction and Academic English
- Observation of Children’s Morphemic Knowledge in Their Written Stories
- Development of Pragmatic Knowledge
- Oral Language
- Indirect requests
- Conflict resolution
- Speaking styles
- Written Language
- Academic English
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Observation
- Research and Assessment
- Curriculum Development
- Chapter 11 Enhancing Language Development in the Primary Years
- Learning Outcomes
- Factors Influencing Language Development Curriculum in the Primary Grades
- Curricula, Language Goals, and Standards
- Implementation of Curricula
- Activities to Enhance Language Development in Primary Grades
- Critical Role of Talk in the Learning Process
- Key Interaction Patterns
- Linguistic scaffolding
- Mediation
- Questioning
- Enhancement of Students’ Listening Competencies
- Center-Based Learning Activities
- Classroom Library Center
- Benefits
- Guidelines
- Writing Center
- Benefits
- Guidelines
- Journaling
- Encouraging talk in the writing center
- Conducting teacher–student conferences
- Creating an author’s chair
- Content–Concept Learning Centers
- Benefits
- Guidelines
- Teacher-Directed Activities
- Interactive Teacher Read-Alouds
- Benefits
- Guidelines
- Oral discussions
- Use of charts and graphics to enhance comprehension
- Creative Drama
- Benefits
- Guidelines
- Morning Messages and Interactive Writing
- Benefits
- Guidelines: Morning messages
- Benefits: Interactive writing
- Guidelines: Interactive writing
- Small Group Activities
- Benefits
- Guidelines
- Word study
- Shared reading
- Guided reading
- Literature circles
- Collaborative–Cooperative projects
- Enhancement of Linguistic Diversity in your Classroom
- Enhancement of Family Connections
- Take-Home Activities
- Benefits
- Guidelines: Reading backpack
- Guidelines: Writing backpack
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Observation
- Curriculum Development
- Chapter 12 Language Assessment: Observing, Screening, Diagnosing, and Documenting
- Learning Outcomes
- Using Informal Observations to Document Children’s Language Development in the Classroom
- Observational Assessment
- Strengths
- Limitations
- Specific Ways of Documenting Observations
- Checklists
- Strengths and Limitations
- Anecdotal Records
- Strengths and Limitations
- Audio and Video Recordings
- Strengths and Limitations
- Summary
- Screening Children for Language Delays
- Selecting a Screening Instrument
- Validity and reliability
- Standardized procedures
- Established norms for score interpretation
- Language screening instruments
- Assessing English language learners and children from diverse cultures
- Linking Screening to Follow-Up Referral and Services
- Diagnosing Children’s Language Competencies for Specific Areas of Difficulty
- Purpose of Diagnostic Testing
- Scope of Diagnostic Tests
- Use of the Results of Diagnostic Testing
- Taking time to review the diagnostic test
- Comparing results to your classroom observations and assessments
- Looking at areas of low performance
- Considering the context of the testing
- Sharing your questions and concerns with the specialist
- Using Portfolios to Document Children’s Language Development
- Sharing Assessment Information with Parents
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Assessment
- Research
- Chapter 13 Enhancing Language Development Among Children with Communicative Disorders
- Learning Outcomes
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Communicative Disorders
- Team Approach to Helping Children with Communicative Disorders
- Hearing Difficulties
- Behavioral Indications of Hearing Difficulties
- Techniques for Enhancing Language Development among Children with Hearing Difficulties
- Articulation Disorders
- Indications of Articulation Disorders
- Techniques for Enhancing Language Development among Children with Articulation Disorders
- Fluency Disorders
- Indications of Fluency Disorders
- Techniques for Enhancing Language Development among Children Who Stutter
- Stuttering among English language learners
- Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
- Characteristics
- Techniques for Enhancing Language Development among Children with SLI
- Cognitive Impairment
- Characteristics
- Techniques for Enhancing Language Development among Children with Cognitive Impairment
- Autism
- Early Signs
- Techniques for Enhancing Language Development among Children with Autism
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Research
- Chapter 14 Fostering Language Development Through School–Home Connections
- Learning Outcomes
- Goals for Establishing School–Home Connections
- Goals
- Increasing awareness and understanding of the home environment
- Establishing a learning community
- Mutual respect
- Cooperation and collaboration
- Frequent communication
- Increasing parents’ awareness of their role
- Increasing parents’ awareness of classroom curriculum
- Factors Influencing Family/Parental Involvement
- Parents’ Own Experiences in School
- Cultural Diversity
- Parents’ Work and Family Obligations
- Parents’ Perceptions of Available Opportunities for Involvement
- Opportunities for Parents’ Participation and Involvement at School
- Encouraging Parents to Come to School
- Daily arrival and departure
- Special events
- Open houses
- Conferences
- Encouraging Parents to Participate in Classroom Activities
- Encouraging Parents to Enhance Children’s Language Development at Home
- At-Home Learning Activities
- Conversations
- Suggestions for parents
- Conversations in non-native-English-speaking families
- Collaborative sharing
- Providing information to parents via newsletters and online resources
- Newsletters
- Online resources and classroom web sites
- Summary
- Chapter Review
- Chapter Extension Activities
- Research
- Appendix Basic Greetings and Expressions in Different Languages
- Glossary
- References
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- X
- Y
- Z
- Correlation of Chapter Content with NAEYC® Standards for Early Childhood Professional Preparation Programs