ISE Urban Economics

Höfundur: Arthur O'Sullivan (Útgáfa: 9)
ISE Urban Economics

Kaup valmöguleikar

Over the course of two decades, Urban Economics has achieved a worldwide audience, and has been translated into Chinese, Greek, Russian, and Korean. Like the eight previous editions, this edition provides a clear and concise presentation of the economic forces that: - cause the development of cities; - determine the spatial form of cities; - cause urban economies to grow or shrink; - generate urban problems such as poverty, crime, and congestion; - make the market for urban housing unique; and - shape the tax and spending policies of local governments.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
McGraw-Hill Higher Education (International)
ISBN
9781260288810
Print ISBN
9781260084498
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
9
Höfundar
Arthur O'Sullivan
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2018-01-25
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • The Authors
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • The McGraw-Hill Series Economics
  • Brief Contents
  • Contents
  • Part I: Introduction and Key Concepts
  • Chapter 1: Introduction
  • Urban Economics and Cities
  • Census Definitions
  • Urban Population
  • Metropolitan Area aka Core-Based Statistical Area
  • Principal City
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 2: Key Concepts of Urban Economics
  • Opportunity Cost
  • Marginal Principle
  • Nash Equilibrium
  • Nash Equilibrium in a Model of Supply and Demand
  • Nash Equilibrium in Location
  • Nash Equilibrium and Spatial Variation in Prices
  • Comparative Statics
  • Comparative Statics for Choice Variables
  • Comparative Statics for Market Equilibrium
  • Pareto Efficiency
  • Pareto Efficiency in an Exchange Economy
  • Market Equilibrium and Pareto Efficiency
  • Pareto Inefficiency in the Urban Economy
  • Self-Reinforcing Changes
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • Part II: Market Forces in the Development of Cites
  • Chapter 3: Trading and Factory Towns
  • A Model of Backyard Production
  • Comparative Advantage and a Trading Town
  • Comparative Advantage and Trade
  • Scale Economies in Exchange, Trading Firms, and Trading Towns
  • Trading Cities in Urban History
  • Scale Economies and a Factory Town
  • The Price of Factory Shoes
  • The Market Area of a Factory
  • Factory Towns
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 4: Agglomeration Economies
  • Agglomeration Economies
  • Sharing an Intermediate Input
  • Tapping a Common Labor Pool
  • Skills Matching
  • Sharing Knowledge
  • Other Benefits of City Size
  • Equilibrium Size of a Cluster
  • Agglomeration Diseconomies
  • Equilibrium vs. Efficient Cluster Size
  • Empirical Evidence and Examples
  • Empirical Evidence for Agglomeration Economies
  • Economic Effects of Million-Dollar Plants
  • Evidence of Knowledge Spillovers
  • Single-Industry Clusters
  • Corporate Headquarters and Functional Specialization
  • Agglomeration and the Product Cycle: The Radio Industry in New York
  • Nursery Cities
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 5: Where Do Cities Develop?
  • Transport-Intensive Firms
  • Resource-Oriented Firms
  • Market-Oriented Firms
  • The Principle of Median Location
  • Illustration: Intercity Location Choice
  • The Median Location and Large Cities
  • Transshipment Points and Port Cities
  • Labor, Energy, and Agglomeration Economies
  • Labor Cost
  • Energy Technology
  • Agglomeration Economies
  • U.S. Manufacturing Belt—Growth and Decline
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 6: Consumer Cities and Central Places
  • Monopolistic Competition in Location
  • Structure of Monopolistic Competition
  • Effects of Market Entry
  • Cities as Entertainment Machines
  • Minimum Market Size
  • City Size and Product Variety
  • Cities as Entertainment Machines
  • Central Place Theory
  • Simplifying Assumptions
  • The Central Place Hierarchy
  • Insights from Central Place Theory
  • Relaxing the Assumptions
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 7: Cities in a Regional Economy
  • Urban Utility and City Size
  • The Urban Utility Curve
  • Regional Equilibrium: Cities Are Not Too Small
  • Regional Equilibrium: Cities May Be Too Large
  • Regional Equilibrium: Efficient Cities?
  • Differences in City Size
  • Equilibrium City Sizes in a Regional Economy
  • The Rank-Size Rule
  • Urban Economic Growth
  • Innovation and Regionwide Utility
  • Human Capital and Economic Growth
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 8: The Urban Labor Market
  • Urban Labor Supply and Demand
  • The Labor Supply Curve
  • The Labor Demand Curve
  • The Employment Multiplier
  • Multipliers in Small and Large Cities
  • Comparative Statics: Changes in Demand and Supply
  • Market Effects of an Increase in Labor Demand
  • Who Gets the New Jobs?
  • Market Effects of an Increase in Labor Supply
  • Simultaneous Changes in Demand and Supply
  • Public Policy: Taxes and Sports
  • Taxes and Firm Location Choices
  • Tax Incentive Programs
  • Geographically Targeted Subsidies: Empowerment and Enterprise Zones
  • Sport Stadiums and Mega-Events
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 9: The First Cities
  • Jericho
  • Catalhoyuk
  • Babylonia
  • The Ecological Setting
  • Religious Beliefs
  • Religious Offerings and Temple Enterprises
  • Transactions and Writing
  • References and Reading
  • Part III: Urban Land Use and Housing
  • Chapter 10: Land Rent and Manufacturing Land
  • Fertility and the Leftover Principle
  • Land Rent, Market Value, and the Price of Land
  • Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Land
  • Competition and the Leftover Principle
  • Manufacturing: Land Price and Location
  • Freight Cost versus Labor Cost
  • The Intracity Truck
  • Intercity Truck and Highways in a Beltway City
  • Manufacturing Rent and the Spatial Distribution of Manufacturing
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 11: Office Space and Tall Buildings
  • The Price of Office Space
  • Interaction Travel Cost for Office Firms
  • Willingness to Pay for Office Space
  • Labor Accessibility, Wages, and the Willingness to Pay for Office Space
  • Office Subcenters
  • Building Height and Land Prices
  • The Price of Office Space and Building Height
  • Profit-Maximizing Building Height
  • The Willingness to Pay for Land
  • Input Substitution
  • Skyscraper Games
  • A Model of Competition to Be the Tallest
  • Nash Equilibrium versus Pareto Efficiency
  • The Spatial Distribution of Office Activity
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 12: Housing Prices and Residential Land Use
  • Job Accessibility
  • Utility Maximization with Commuting Cost and Housing
  • Commuting Distance and the Price of Housing
  • The Convex Housing-Price Curve
  • The Algebra of the Convex Housing-Price Curve
  • Job Accessibility within a Metropolitan Area
  • Crime, Environmental Quality, Schools
  • Crime and Housing Prices
  • Air Quality and Housing Prices
  • School Productivity and Housing Prices
  • Housing Production and the Price of Residential Land
  • Profit-Maximizing Quantity of Housing
  • The Price of Residential Land
  • Population Density
  • Sources of Variation in Population Density
  • Population Density within Cities
  • Population Density across Cities
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 13: Spatial Distribution of Employment and Residence
  • The Spatial Distribution of Employment and Residence
  • Commuting Patterns
  • Five-Kilometer Shares and Median Locations
  • Employment Density
  • Employment Subcenters
  • Suburbanization and Sprawl
  • Decentralization of Population
  • Sprawl and Density Facts
  • The Consequences of Low Density
  • Policy Responses to Sprawl?
  • Review and Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 14: The Monocentric City and Urban General Equilibrium
  • The Monocentric Model
  • The Industrial Revolution and the Monocentric City
  • Land Use in the Monocentric City
  • Centralized Employment
  • General-Equilibrium Model
  • Interactions between the Land and Labor Markets
  • The General Equilibrium Effects of the Streetcar
  • The Streetcar and Land Rent
  • Changes in Employment and Residential Density
  • The General Equilibrium Effects of Rising Sea Level
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 15: Neighborhoods
  • Segregation: Income, Education, Race
  • Income Segregation
  • Education Segregation
  • Racial Segregation
  • Sorting for Local Public Goods
  • Diversity in Demand for Local Public Goods
  • Diversity in the Demand for the Taxed Good
  • Bidding for Favorable Neighbors
  • A Model of Bidding for Favorable Neighbors
  • Mixing and Perfect Integration
  • Land Prices and Locational Equilibrium
  • Lot Size and Public Policy
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 16: Land Use Policy
  • Zoning: History & Legal Basis
  • A Brief History of Zoning in the United States
  • The Legal Basis for Zoning
  • The Role of Zoning
  • Zoning to Mitigate Environmental Externalities
  • Zoning to Prevent Fiscal Deficits
  • Zoning to Mitigate Density Externalities
  • The Market Effects of Low-Density Zoning
  • Limits on Residential Development
  • Limits on Building Permits
  • Development Taxes
  • Growth Boundary
  • The Market Effects of Land-Use Regulations
  • Growth Control and Labor Markets
  • Residential Limits and the Urban Economy
  • An Urban Growth Boundary and the Regional Economy
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 17: Urban Housing and Public Policy
  • Filtering: Durability and Submarkets
  • The Filtering Model of Housing
  • Supply of High-Quality Housing
  • Supply of Low-Quality Housing
  • Applying the Filtering Model: Limit on Building Permits
  • Filtering and Gentrification
  • Supply-Side Public Policy
  • Public Housing
  • Subsidies for Private Housing
  • Filtering and Crowding Out
  • Demand-Side Public Policy
  • Housing Vouchers and Efficiency
  • The Market Effects of Vouchers
  • Subsidies for Mortgage Interest
  • Homelessness and Public Policy
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Part IV: Urban Transportation
  • Chapter 18: Cars and Roads
  • Congestion Externalities
  • The Cost of Travel: External, Private, and Social
  • Market Equilibrium vs. Efficient Outcome
  • The Congestion Tax
  • Implementing a Congestion Tax
  • Implementing a Congestion Tax
  • Value Pricing and HOT Lanes
  • Environmental Externalities
  • Externality Tax versus Gasoline Tax
  • The Market Effects of a Gasoline Tax
  • Externalities from Traffic Accidents
  • Social Cost of Traffic Accidents
  • Inefficiency from Underpricing Accident Costs
  • Safety Equipment and Risk Compensation
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 19: Urban Public Transit
  • Modal Choice: Individual Traveler
  • Trip Cost for Alternative Modes
  • A Numerical Example of Modal Choice
  • Elasticities of Demand for Public Transit
  • The Cost and Pricing of Public Transit
  • Cost Curves for Transit Systems
  • Efficient Ridership and Pricing
  • Transit Subsidies
  • Choosing a Transit System
  • Ridership and Average Cost
  • Light Rail versus Buses
  • Privatization
  • Transit Systems and Land-Use Patterns
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Part V: Local Government, Education, and Crime
  • Chapter 20: The Role of Local Government
  • Role of Local Government
  • Three Roles for Government
  • Local Government in a Federal System
  • Local Public Goods: Efficiency and Mechanisms
  • The Efficient Level of a Local Public Good
  • Majority Rule and the Decisive Median Voter
  • Benefit Taxation
  • The Tiebout Model: Voting with Feet
  • A Closer Look at the Median-Voter Result
  • The Median Voter in a Representative Democracy
  • Implications of the Median-Voter Result
  • Limitations of the Median-Voter Result
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 21: Local Government Revenue
  • The Property Tax
  • A Simple Model of the Residential Property
  • The Land Portion of the Property Tax
  • Structure Portion: Partial-Equilibrium
  • Structure Portion: A General-Equilibrium Approach
  • Changing the Assumptions
  • From Models to Reality
  • Rental Property Owners and Homeowners
  • Practical Guide for Policy Makers
  • The Tiebout Model and the Property Tax
  • Property Tax Limitations
  • Intergovernmental Grants
  • Lump-Sum Categorical Grants
  • Matching Grants
  • The Flypaper Effect
  • Welfare Reform: Matching Grants to Lump-Sum Grants
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 22: Education
  • Spending and Achievement
  • The Education Production Function
  • Peer Effects
  • School Inputs: The Value-Added of Teachers
  • School Inputs: Teachers and Class Size
  • Teacher Compensation and Productivity
  • Innovations in Charter Schools
  • Overall Effects of Educational Spending
  • Spending Inequalities and Public Policy
  • Intergovernmental Grants: Foundation Plans
  • Response to a Foundation Grant
  • Matching Grants: Guaranteed Tax Base
  • Effects of Equalization Plans on Spending and Achievement Inequalities
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 23: Crime and Public Policy
  • Crime Facts
  • A Model of the Rational Criminal
  • Expected Utility from Crime
  • Certainty Equivalent and the Crime Decision
  • Income and Criminal Behavior
  • Anguish Costs and Internal Penalties
  • Insights from Neuroscience
  • Public Policy and Crime
  • Investment in Human Capital
  • The Certainty of Punishment
  • The Severity of Punishment
  • The Role of Prisons
  • The Efficient Level and Mix of Crime
  • The Efficient Amount of Crime
  • Occupational Choice and Marginal Deterrence
  • Review the Concepts
  • Apply the Concepts
  • References and Reading
  • Chapter 24: Models of Microeconomics
  • Input Choice: Cost Minimization
  • Production Function and Isoquants
  • Production Cost and Cost Minimization
  • Input Substitution
  • Consumer Choice
  • Utility Maximization
  • Individual and Market Demand Curves
  • Perfect Competition: Supply and Demand
  • Long-Run Supply Curve for Constant-Cost Industry
  • Long-Run Equilibrium for a Constant-Cost Industry
  • The Long-Run Equilibrium for an Increasing-Cost Industry
  • Uncertainty
  • Expected Monetary Value and Expected Utility
  • Certainty Equivalent
  • Loss Aversion and Certainty Equivalent
  • Index