ISE How to Think About Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age

Höfundar: Theodore Schick; Lewis Vaughn (Útgáfa: 9)
ISE How to Think About Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age

Kaup valmöguleikar

How to Think about Weird Things er hnitmiðuð og lifandi bók sem býður nemendum aðferð, skref fyrir skref, til að meta hvenær líklegt er að fullyrðing standist. Schick og Vaughn kenna gagnrýna hugsun án þess að afhjúpa eða mæla með tilteknum fullyrðingum. Þess í stað skýra höfundarnir lögmál góðrar rökhugsunar sem gera nemendum kleift að meta hvaða fullyrðingu sem er, hversu undarleg sem hún kann að vera, upp á eigin spýtur.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
McGraw-Hill Higher Education (International)
ISBN
9781266318429
Print ISBN
9781266219252
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
9
Höfundar
Theodore Schick; Lewis Vaughn
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2023-01-17
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Flokkar
Heimspeki

Kaflar

  • Table of Contents and Preface
  • Cover Page
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • New Edition, New Material
  • Important Continuing Features
  • Acknowledgments
  • Connect
  • Contents
  • Chapter One: Introduction: Close Encounters with the Strange
  • Chapter One: Introduction
  • The Importance of Why
  • Beyond Weird to the Absurd
  • A Weirdness Sampler
  • Notes
  • Chapter Two: The Possibility of the Impossible
  • Chapter Two: Introduction
  • Paradigms and the Paranormal
  • Logical Possibility versus Physical Impossibility
  • The Possibility of ESP
  • Theories and Things
  • On Knowing the Future
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Evaluate these Claims. Are they Reasonable? Why or Why Not?
  • Discussion Questions
  • Field Problem
  • Critical Reading and Writing
  • Passage 1
  • Notes
  • Chapter Three: Arguments Good, Bad, and Weird
  • Chapter Three: Introduction
  • Claims and Arguments
  • Deductive Arguments
  • Inductive Arguments
  • Enumerative Induction
  • Analogical Induction
  • Hypothetical Induction (Abduction, or Inference to the Best Explanation)
  • Informal Fallacies
  • Unacceptable Premises
  • Irrelevant Premises
  • Insufficient Premises
  • Statistical Fallacies
  • Misleading Averages
  • Missing Values
  • Hazy Comparisons
  • Evaluating Sources: Misinformation and Disinformation
  • Mental Obstacles
  • Confirmation Bias
  • Denial of Contrary Evidence
  • Availability Error
  • Motivated Reasoning
  • False Consensus Effect
  • The Dunning–Kruger Effect
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Evaluate these Claims. Are they Reasonable? Why or Why Not?
  • Fact-Checking Fake News
  • Discussion Questions
  • Field Problem
  • Critical Reading and Writing
  • Passage 2
  • Notes
  • Chapter Four: Knowledge, Belief, and Evidence
  • Chapter Four: Introduction
  • Babylonian Knowledge-Acquisition Techniques
  • Propositional Knowledge
  • Reasons and Evidence
  • Expert Opinion
  • Coherence and Justification
  • Sources of Knowledge
  • The Appeal to Faith
  • The Appeal to Intuition
  • The Appeal to Mystical Experience
  • Astrology Revisited
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Evaluate these Claims. Are they Reasonable? Why or Why Not?
  • Discussion Questions
  • Field Problem
  • Critical Reading and Writing
  • Passage 3
  • Notes
  • Chapter Five: Looking for Truth in Personal Experience
  • Chapter Five: Introduction
  • Seeming and Being
  • Perceiving: Why You can’t always Believe What You See
  • Perceptual Constancies
  • The Role of Expectation
  • Looking for Clarity in Vagueness
  • The Blondlot Case
  • “Constructing” UFOs
  • Remembering: Why You can’t always Trust What You Recall
  • Conceiving: Why You Sometimes See What You Believe
  • Denying the Evidence
  • Subjective Validation
  • Confirmation Bias
  • The Availability Error
  • The Representativeness Heuristic
  • Anthropomorphic Bias
  • Against All Odds
  • Anecdotal Evidence: Why Testimonials can’t be Trusted
  • The Variable Nature of Illness
  • The Placebo Effect
  • Overlooked Causes
  • Scientific Evidence: Why Controlled Studies can be Trusted
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Evaluate these Claims. Are they Reasonable? Why or Why Not?
  • Discussion Questions
  • Field Problem
  • Critical Reading and Writing
  • Passage 4
  • Notes
  • Chapter Six: Science and Its Pretenders
  • Chapter Six: Introduction
  • Science and Dogma
  • Science and Scientism
  • Scientific Methodology
  • Confirming and Refuting Hypotheses
  • Criteria of Adequacy
  • Testability
  • Fruitfulness
  • Scope
  • Simplicity
  • Conservatism
  • Creationism, Evolution, and Criteria of Adequacy
  • Scientific Creationism
  • Intelligent Design
  • Parapsychology
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Evaluate these Claims. Are they Reasonable? Why or Why Not?
  • Discussion Questions
  • Field Problem
  • Critical Reading and Writing
  • Passage 5
  • Notes
  • Chapter Seven: Case Studies in the Extraordinary
  • Chapter Seven: Introduction
  • The Search Formula
  • Step 1: State the Claim
  • Step 2: Examine the Evidence for the Claim
  • Step 3: Consider Alternative Hypotheses
  • Step 4: Rate, According to the Criteria of Adequacy, Each Hypothesis
  • Homeopathy
  • Intercessory Prayer
  • UFO Abductions
  • Unidentified Aerial Phenomena
  • Communicating with the Dead
  • Near-Death Experiences
  • Ghosts
  • Conspiracy Theories
  • Climate Change
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Evaluate these Claims by Using the Search Method
  • Field Problem
  • Critical Reading and Writing
  • Passage 6
  • Notes
  • Chapter Eight: Relativism, Truth, and Reality
  • Chapter Eight: Introduction
  • We Each Create Our Own Reality
  • Reality Is Socially Constructed
  • Reality Is Constituted by Conceptual Schemes
  • The Relativist’s Petard
  • Facing Reality
  • Summary
  • Study Questions
  • Evaluate these Claims. Are they Reasonable? Why or Why Not?
  • Discussion Questions
  • Field Problem
  • Critical Reading and Writing
  • Passage 7
  • Notes
  • Index
  • Index
  • Accessibility Content: Text Alternatives for Images
  • A Page Shows the Features of McGraw Hill Connect Text Alternative (Front Matter)
  • A Page Shows the Features of McGraw Hill Connect Text Alternative (Front Matter)
  • Chapter 1: Introduction Text Alternative (Chapter 1)
  • Chapter 2: Possibility of the Impossible Text Alternative (Chapter 2)
  • A Graph Represents the History Text Alternative (Chapter 2)
  • Chapter 3: Arguments, Good, Bad, and Weird Text Alternative (Chapter 3)
  • Chapter 4: Knowledge, Belief, and Evidence Text Alternative (Chapter 4)
  • Chapter 5: Looking for Truth in Personal Experience Text Alternative (Chapter 5)
  • Chapter 6: Science and its Pretenders Text Alternative (Chapter 6)
  • Illustrations A & B Show Text Alternative (Chapter 6)
  • Illustrations C and D Show Text Alternative (Chapter 6)
  • True (Solid Line) & Apparent (Dotted Line) Positions Text Alternative (Chapter 6)
  • A Concept of Parallax Text Alternative (Chapter 6)
  • A Schematic, Multiexposure, and Observed Planetary Text Alternative (Chapter 6)
  • An Illustration Shows a Person Holding a Bag Text Alternative (Chapter 6)
  • A Woman is Lying Down Text Alternative (Chapter 6)
  • Chapter 7: Case Studies in the Extraordinary Text Alternative (Chapter 7)
  • Chapter 8: Relativism, Truth, and Reality Text Alternative (Chapter 8)