Introduction to Health Research Methods: A Practical Guide

Name: Introduction to Health Research Methods: A Practical Guide
Price: 5990 ISK
Availability: InStock
Author: Kathryn H. Jacobsen
ISBN: 9781284211061

Höfundur: Kathryn H. Jacobsen (Útgáfa: 3)

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Designed to empower new investigators to conduct their own original research projects, the third edition of Introduction to Health Research Methods: A Practical Guide leads the reader step-by-step in performing quantitative and qualitative research in medicine, public health, and other clinical and population health fields. This comprehensive text covers the entire research process from formulating a study question and selecting a study approach to collecting and analyzing data and then disseminating the findings.

Chapters about methods for primary studies (collecting new data), secondary analyses (analyzing existing data), and tertiary studies (conducting literature reviews and meta-analyses) provide complete coverage of the scope of health research. By breaking the research process down into a series of achievable steps, this practical guide shows readers how they can contribute to improving the health of individuals and communities through research.

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Útgefandi: Jones & Bartlett Learning

ISBN: 9781284211061

Print ISBN: 9781284197563

Format: ePub

Útgáfa: 3

Höfundar: Kathryn H. Jacobsen

Tungumál: English

Útgefið: 2020-02-06

Prent takmörkun á líftíma: 100

Prent takmörkun: 30

Afritunar takmörkun: 10

Flokkar: Heilbrigðisvísindi

Efnisflokkar: Læknisfræði › Almenn heilbrigðisfræði

Kaflar

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
About the Author
New to This Edition
CHAPTER 1 The Health Research Process
1.1 Clinical and Population Health Research1
1.2 The Research Process
1.3 Text Overview
CHAPTER 2 Selecting a Research Question
2.1 Practical Research
2.2 Brainstorming and Concept Mapping
2.3 Keywords
2.4 Exposures, Diseases, and Populations (EDPs)
2.5 PICOT
2.6 From Inquiry to Research
2.7 Testable Questions
2.8 Framing for Generalizability
CHAPTER 3 Reviewing the Literature
3.1 Informal Sources
3.2 Statistical Reports
3.3 Abstract Databases
3.4 Full-Text Articles
3.5 Critical Reading
3.6 Annotated Bibliographies
3.7 What Makes Research Original?
CHAPTER 4 Defining Specific Aims
4.1 Refining the Study Question
4.2 One Study Goal
4.3 Several Specific Aims
4.4 Conceptual and Theoretical Frameworks
4.5 Feasibility
CHAPTER 5 Professional Development
5.1 Research Teams
5.2 Finding Research Mentors
5.3 The Mentor–Mentee Relationship
5.4 Professional Development
5.5 Social Media and Impact Metrics
5.6 Responsible Conduct of Research
CHAPTER 6 Coauthoring
6.1 Coauthorship
6.2 Authorship Criteria
6.3 Authorship Order
6.4 Decisions About Authorship
CHAPTER 7 Overview of Study Designs
7.1 Types of Study Approaches
7.2 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Studies
7.3 Observational and Experimental Studies
7.4 Exposure, Disease, or Population?
7.5 Study Duration
CHAPTER 8 Case Series
8.1 Overview
8.2 Case Definitions
8.3 Data Collection
8.4 Ethical Considerations
8.5 Analysis
CHAPTER 9 Cross-Sectional Studies
9.1 Overview
9.2 Representative Populations
9.3 KAP Surveys
9.4 Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys
9.5 Prevalence
CHAPTER 10 Case–Control Studies
10.1 Overview
10.2 Finding Cases and Controls
10.3 Matching
10.4 Minimizing Bias
10.5 Odds Ratios
10.6 Matched Case–Control Studies
CHAPTER 11 Cohort Studies
11.1 Overview
11.2 Prospective Cohort Studies
11.3 Retrospective Cohort Studies
11.4 Longitudinal Cohort Studies
11.5 Data Collection
11.6 Ratios, Rates, and Risk
11.7 Incidence Rates
11.8 Incidence Rate Ratios
11.9 Attributable Risk
11.10 Person–Time Analysis
CHAPTER 12 Experimental Studies
12.1 Overview
12.2 Describing the Intervention
12.3 Defining Outcomes
12.4 Selecting Controls
12.5 Blinding
12.6 Randomization
12.7 Ethical Considerations
12.8 Efficacy
12.9 Screening and Diagnostic Tests
CHAPTER 13 Qualitative Studies
13.1 Overview
13.2 Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology
13.3 Theoretical Paradigms
13.4 Qualitative Methodologies
13.5 Mixed Methods Research
CHAPTER 14 Correlational Studies
14.1 Overview
14.2 Aggregate Data
14.3 Avoiding the Ecological Fallacy
14.4 Correlation
14.5 Age Standardization
CHAPTER 15 Synthesis Research
15.1 Overview
15.2 Selecting a Topic
15.3 Library Access
15.4 Narrative Reviews
15.5 Systematic Reviews
15.6 Meta-analysis
15.7 Meta-synthesis
CHAPTER 16 Research Protocols
16.1 Overview of Research Plans by Study Approach
16.2 Writing a Research Protocol
16.3 Rigor and Reproducibility
16.4 Research Timelines
16.5 Roles and Responsibilities
16.6 Preparing for Data Collection
CHAPTER 17 Ethical Considerations
17.1 Foundations of Research Ethics
17.2 Respect, Beneficence, and Justice
17.3 Incentives and Coercion
17.4 Informed Consent Statements
17.5 Informed Consent Process
17.6 Informed Consent Documentation
17.7 Confidentiality and Privacy
17.8 Sensitive Issues
17.9 Cultural Considerations
17.10 Vulnerable Populations
17.11 Ethics Training and Certification
CHAPTER 18 Ethical Review and Approval
18.1 Ethics Committee Responsibilities
18.2 Ethics Committee Composition
18.3 Application Materials
18.4 Exemption from Review
18.5 Review Process
18.6 Review by Multiple Committees
18.7 Ongoing Review
18.8 Conflicts of Interest
18.9 Is Ethics Review Required?
CHAPTER 19 Population Sampling
19.1 Types of Research Populations
19.2 Target and Source Populations
19.3 Sample Populations
19.4 Study Populations
19.5 Populations for Cross-Sectional Studies
19.6 Populations for Case–Control Studies
19.7 Populations for Cohort Studies
19.8 Populations for Experimental Studies
19.9 Sampling for Qualitative Studies
19.10 Vulnerable Populations
19.11 Community Involvement
CHAPTER 20 Sample Size and Power
20.1 Importance of Sample Size
20.2 Sample Size and Certainty Levels
20.3 Sample Size Estimation
20.4 Type 1 and Type 2 Errors
20.5 Power Estimation
20.6 Refining the Study Approach
CHAPTER 21 Questionnaire Development
21.1 Questionnaire Design Overview
21.2 Questionnaire Content
21.3 Types of Questions
21.4 Types of Responses
21.5 Anonymity
21.6 Wording of Questions
21.7 Order of Questions
21.8 Layout and Formatting
21.9 Reliability and Validity
21.10 Commercial Research Tools
21.11 Translation
21.12 Pilot Testing
CHAPTER 22 Collecting Quantitative Data
22.1 Interviews Versus Self-Administered Surveys
22.2 Recruiting Methods
22.3 Encouraging Participation
22.4 Data Recording Methods
22.5 Training Interviewers
CHAPTER 23 Collecting Qualitative Data
23.1 Overview
23.2 In-Depth Interviews
23.3 Focus Group Discussions
23.4 Observational Methods
23.5 Other Qualitative Research Techniques
23.6 Community-Based Participatory Research
23.7 Consensus Methods
CHAPTER 24 Additional Assessments
24.1 Supplementing Self-Reported Data
24.2 Anthropometric Measures
24.3 Vital Signs
24.4 Clinical Examination
24.5 Tests of Physiological Function
24.6 Laboratory Analysis of Biological Specimens
24.7 Medical Imaging
24.8 Tests of Physical Fitness
24.9 Environmental Assessment
24.10 Geographic Information Systems
24.11 Monitoring and Evaluation
CHAPTER 25 Secondary Analyses
25.1 Overview of Secondary Analysis
25.2 Accessing Secondary Data
25.3 Publicly Available Data Sets
25.4 Private Data Sets
25.5 Challenges of Secondary Research
25.6 Clinical Records
25.7 Health Informatics, Big Data, and Data Mining
25.8 Ethics Committee Review
CHAPTER 26 Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
26.1 Overview of Tertiary Analysis
26.2 Search Strings
26.3 Search Limiters
26.4 Supplemental Searches
26.5 Eligibility Criteria
26.6 Quality Assessment
26.7 Data Extraction
26.8 Systematic Review Results
26.9 Pooled Analysis
26.10 Forest Plots and Funnel Plots
CHAPTER 27 Writing Grant Proposals
27.1 Preparing to Write a Proposal
27.2 Identifying Grant Opportunities
27.3 Requests for Proposals
27.4 Research Proposal Components
27.5 Writing a Research Narrative
27.6 Funding Criteria
27.7 Budgeting
27.8 Financial Accounting
27.9 Grant Management
27.10 Unfunded Research
CHAPTER 28 Data Management
28.1 Data Management
28.2 Codebooks
28.3 Data Entry
28.4 Data Cleaning
28.5 Data Recoding
28.6 Statistical Software Programs
28.7 Data Security
CHAPTER 29 Descriptive Statistics
29.1 Analytic Plan by Study Approach
29.2 Types of Variables
29.3 Measures of Central Tendency
29.4 Range and Quartiles
29.5 Displaying Distributions
29.6 Normal Curves, Variance, and Standard Deviation
29.7 Reporting Descriptive Statistics
29.8 Confidence Intervals
29.9 Statistical Honesty
29.10 Statistical Consultants
CHAPTER 30 Comparative Statistics
30.1 Comparative Analysis by Study Approach
30.2 Hypotheses for Statistical Tests
30.3 Rejecting the Null Hypothesis
30.4 Interpreting p Values
30.5 Measures of Association
30.6 Interpreting Confidence Intervals
30.7 Selecting an Appropriate Test
30.8 Parametric and Nonparametric Tests
30.9 Comparing a Population Statistic to a Set Value
30.10 Comparing Independent Populations
30.11 Multivariable Comparisons of Means
30.12 Correlation Analysis
30.13 Comparing Paired Data
CHAPTER 31 Regression Analysis
31.1 Regression Modeling
31.2 Simple Linear Regression
31.3 Simple Logistic Regression
31.4 Dummy Variables
31.5 Confounding and Effect Modification
31.6 Multiple Regression
31.7 Causal Analysis
31.8 Survival Analysis
31.9 Cautions
CHAPTER 32 Qualitative Analysis
32.1 Overview
32.2 Analytic and Interpretive Frameworks
32.3 Codes, Categories, and Themes
32.4 Manual and Electronic Coding
32.5 Quality Assurance
CHAPTER 33 Additional Analysis Tools
33.1 Spatial Analysis
33.2 Bayesian Statistics
33.3 Mathematical Modeling
33.4 Agent-Based Modeling
33.5 Machine Learning
33.6 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
33.7 Burden of Disease Metrics
CHAPTER 34 Posters and Presentations
34.1 Purpose of Conferences
34.2 Structure of Conferences
34.3 Writing an Abstract
34.4 Submitting an Abstract
34.5 Preparing a Poster
34.6 Using Images
34.7 Presenting a Poster
34.8 Preparing for an Oral Presentation
34.9 Giving an Oral Presentation
CHAPTER 35 Article Structure
35.1 Outlining a Manuscript
35.2 Abstract
35.3 Introduction
35.4 Methods
35.5 Results
35.6 Discussion
35.7 Writing Checklists
35.8 End Matter
35.9 Tables and Figures
CHAPTER 36 Citing
36.1 Referring to the Scientific Literature
36.2 Formal and Informal Sources
36.3 Writing in One’s Own Words
36.4 Common Knowledge and Specific Knowledge
36.5 Avoiding Plagiarism
36.6 Citation Styles
CHAPTER 37 Critically Revising
37.1 Clarifying the Storyline
37.2 One Paper, One Story
37.3 Structure and Content
37.4 Style, Clarity, and Consistency
CHAPTER 38 Writing Success Strategies
38.1 The Writing Process
38.2 Getting Started
38.3 Staying Motivated
38.4 Conquering Writer’s Block
38.5 Finishing a Manuscript
CHAPTER 39 Reasons to Publish
39.1 Scientific Dialogue
39.2 Critical Feedback
39.3 Respect for Participants and Collaborators
39.4 Personal Benefits
CHAPTER 40 Selecting Target Journals
40.1 Choosing a Target Journal
40.2 Aim, Scope, and Audience
40.3 Impact Factors
40.4 Other Journal Characteristics
40.5 Open Access and Copyright
40.6 Publication Fees
40.7 Predatory Journals
CHAPTER 41 Manuscript Submission
41.1 Submission Timing
41.2 Journal Selection
41.3 Manuscript Formatting
41.4 Cover Letter
41.5 Online Submission
CHAPTER 42 Peer Review and Publication
42.1 Initial Review
42.2 External Review Results
42.3 Rejection
42.4 Revision and Resubmission
42.5 After Acceptance
Glossary
Index