International Business ISE
Höfundar:
Michael Geringer; Grigorios Livanis; Jeanne McNett (Útgáfa: 4)
Kaup valmöguleikar
International Business empowers students to develop their global mindset and is up-to-date, relevant, and engaging! It provides a flexible, modular format for instructors along with student-focused features that make the study of International Business interesting by connecting content to culture to make it personally relevant for every student! Co-author Dr. Grigorios Livanis leveraged his expertise in the areas of international economics, strategy, and finance, and his experience as an award-winning teacher and trainer, into a series of extensive updates of theory, data, and applications throughout.
Nánar um bókina
- McGraw-Hill Higher Education (International)
- 9781265713287
- 9781265033101
- ePub
- 4
- Michael Geringer; Grigorios Livanis; Jeanne McNett
- English
- 2025-07-01
- 100
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Table of Contents and Preface
- Cover Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Brief Contents
- Dedication
- About the Authors
- J. Michael Geringer
- Grigorios Livanis
- Jeanne M. McNett
- Module Walkthrough
- New and Improved Coverage
- Module 1: The Challenging Context of International Business
- Module 2: International Trade and Investment
- Module 3: Sociocultural Forces
- Module 4: Sustainability and Natural Resources
- Module 5: Political Forces That Affect Global Trade
- Module 6: Intellectual Property Rights and Other Legal Forces
- Module 7: Economic and Socioeconomic Forces
- Module 8: The International Monetary System and Financial Forces
- Module 9: International Competitive Strategy
- Module 10: Organizational Design and Control
- Module 11: Global Leadership Issues and Practices
- Module 12: International Markets: Assessment and Entry Modes
- Module 13: Marketing Internationally
- Module 14: Managing Human Resources in an International Context
- Module 15: International Accounting and Financial Management
- Bonus Module A: International Institutions from a Business Perspective
- Bonus Module B: Export and Import Practices
- Bonus Module C: Global Operations and Supply Chain Management
- New or Updated Pedagogical Features:
- Acknowledgments
- Connect
- Your complete course platform
- Every learner is unique
- Study anytime, anywhere
- Effective tools for efficient studying
- Education for all
- Updated and relevant content
- Contents
- Module 1: The Challenging Context of International Business
- Module 1 Introduction
- What Is International Business and What Is Different about It?
- THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES
- THE DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENT
- THE FOREIGN ENVIRONMENT
- THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
- Is Internationalization of Business a New Trend, and Will It Continue?
- The Growth of International Firms and International Business
- EXPANDING NUMBER OF multiNATIONAL COMPANIES
- FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND EXPORTING ARE GROWING RAPIDLY
- What Is Driving the Internationalization of Business?
- TECHNOLOGICAL DRIVERS
- MARKET DRIVERS
- COST DRIVERS
- POLITICAL DRIVERS
- COMPETITIVE DRIVERS
- What Are the Arguments for and against the Globalization of Business?
- CONCERNS WITH GLOBALIZATION
- ARGUMENTS SUPPORTING GLOBALIZATION
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- MiniCase
- are globalization and technology causing greater inequality?
- Notes
- Module 2: International Trade and Investment
- Module 2 Introduction
- International Trade
- Volume of International Trade
- How Evenly has Trade Grown?
- Which Nations Account for the Most Exports and Imports?
- Direction of Trade
- The Increasing Regionalization of Trade
- Major Trading Partners of The United States
- Major Trading Partners: Their Relevance for Managers
- Explaining Trade: International Trade Theories
- Mercantilism
- Theory of Absolute Advantage
- Theory of Comparative Advantage
- How Exchange Rates Can Change the Direction of Trade
- OTHER ASSUMPTIONS AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
- Some Newer Explanations for the Direction of Trade
- Summary of International Trade Theory
- Foreign Investment
- Portfolio Investment
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Does Trade Lead to Fdi?
- Explaining FDI: Theories of International Investment
- Monopolistic Advantage Theory
- Strategic Behavior Theory
- Internalization Theory
- Dynamic Capabilities Theory
- Eclectic Theory of International Production
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- the legacy of Free trade
- Notes
- Module 3: Sociocultural Forces
- Module 3 Introduction
- What Is Culture and Why Is It Important?
- Culture Affects All Business Functions
- Marketing
- Human Resources
- Production and Procurement
- Accounting and Finance
- Preferred Leadership Styles
- How Culture Shows Itself
- Aesthetics
- Religion
- Material Culture
- Language
- Societal Organization
- Special Focus: Gift Giving in Business
- Culture Frameworks
- Hall’s High and Low Context
- Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Cultural Orientations Framework
- Hofstede’s Six Dimensions of national culture
- Trompenaars’s Seven Dimensions of culture
- Cultural Tightness vs. Looseness
- When Does Culture Matter? The Global Mind-Set
- Going Forward: Cultural Paradoxes and a Caution
- Rules of Thumb for Managers Doing Business across Cultures
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- Chipotle’s International Expansion: A Cultural Perspective
- Notes
- Module 4: Sustainability and Natural Resources
- Module 4 Introduction
- Sustainability in the Business Context
- Sustainable Business Models
- LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
- CRADLE-TO-CRADLE DESIGN
- Tools for Measuring and Reporting Sustainability
- TRIPLE-BOTTOM-LINE ACCOUNTING
- ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE REPORTING
- THE UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
- UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL COMPACT
- GLOBAL REPORTING INITIATIVE
- CARBON DISCLOSURE PROJECT
- INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED REPORTING COUNCIL
- FOOTPRINTING
- REPORTING SUSTAINABILITY EFFORTS
- Characteristics of Environmentally Sustainable Business
- LIMITS AS PART OF THE SUSTAINABILITY CONTEXT
- INTERDEPENDENCE AS PART OF THE SUSTAINABILITY CONTEXT
- EQUITY IN DISTRIBUTION AS PART OF THE SUSTAINABILITY CONTEXT
- The Stakeholder Model for Sustainable Business
- Geography: Describing Our Natural Capital
- LOCATION: POLITICAL AND TRADE RELATIONSHIPS
- TOPOGRAPHY
- CLIMATE
- Natural Resources
- NONRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
- RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
- NONFUEL MINERALS
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- WATER WARS IN THE DESERT: BALANCING PROFIT, SUSTAINABILITY, AND GROWTH IN ARIZONA’S ALFALFA BOOM
- Notes
- Module 5: Political Forces That Affect Global Trade
- Module 5 Introduction
- Governments and the Ownership of Business
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
- NATIONALIZATION: WHY GOVERNMENTS GET INVOLVED in ownership of businesses
- PRIVATIZATION: WHY GOVERNMENTS SELL BUSINESSES
- Government Stability and Protection
- STABILITY: PEACE AND PREDICTABILITY
- PROTECTION FROM UNFAIR COMPETITION
- PROTECTION FROM TERRORISM, CYBERCRIME, AND OTHER THREATS
- Country Risk Assessment and Countermeasures to Threats
- Instruments of Trade Policy
- Import tariffs
- Import controls and bans
- Export tariffs
- export controls and bans
- subsidies
- Nontariff barriers
- Motivations for Government Intervention in Trade
- Political reasons for restricting trade
- economic reasons for restricting trade
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- GAME THEORY IN THE U.S.–CHINA TRADE WAR: PREDICTING TRADE POLICY CHOICES AND IMPACT ON NATIONAL WELFARE
- Notes
- Module 6: Intellectual Property Rights and Other Legal Forces
- Module 6 Introduction
- Types of Legal Systems
- CIVIL LAW
- COMMON LAW
- RELIGIOUS LAW
- International Legal Forces
- RULE OF LAW
- WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL LAW?
- SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
- General Legal Concerns in Global Business
- EXTRATERRITORIALITY
- PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACTS
- LITIGATION
- Intellectual Property Rights
- PATENTS
- TRADEMARKS
- TRADE NAMES
- COPYRIGHTS
- TRADE SECRETS
- PROPERTY RIGHTS AND CORRUPTION
- Standardizing Laws Around the World
- Some Specific National Legal Forces
- COMPETITION LAWS
- TRADE OBSTACLES
- TORT LAW
- MISCELLANEOUS LAWS
- FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT
- ACCOUNTING LAW
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- UBER’S FAILURE IN CHINA: A CASE OF LEGAL AND STRATEGIC CHALLENGES
- Notes
- Module 7: Economic and Socioeconomic Forces
- Module 7 Introduction
- International Economic Analyses
- Levels of Economic Development
- Dimensions That Describe the Economy and Their Relevance for International Business
- MEASURING THE SIZE OF AN ECONOMY
- ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE
- INCOME DISTRIBUTION
- PRIVATE CONSUMPTION
- UNIT LABOR COSTS
- OTHER ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS
- Socioeconomic Dimensions of the Economy and Their Relevance for International Business
- TOTAL POPULATION
- AGE DISTRIBUTION
- POPULATION DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION
- OTHER SOCIOECONOMIC DIMENSIONS
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- MOBILE BANKING IN EMERGING MARKETS: ESTIMATING THE ADDRESSABLE MARKET
- Notes
- Module 8: The International Monetary System and Financial Forces
- Module 8 Introduction
- The International Monetary System: A Brief History
- THE GOLD STANDARD
- THE BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM
- THE CENTRAL RESERVE/NATIONAL CURRENCY CONFLICT
- The Floating Currency Exchange Rate System
- CURRENT CURRENCY ARRANGEMENTS
- digital currencies
- THE BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS
- Financial Forces: Fluctuating Currency Values
- FLUCTUATING CURRENCY VALUES
- WHY FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE OCCURS AND THE FX MARKET
- EXCHANGE RATE QUOTATIONS
- CAUSES OF EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENT
- EXCHANGE RATE FORECASTING
- Financial Forces Governments Can Exert
- CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTROLS
- TAXATION
- INFLATION AND INTEREST RATES
- Balance of Payments
- BOP ACCOUNTS
- DEFICITS AND SURPLUSES IN BOP ACCOUNTS
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- NAVIGATING THE STORM: MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS AMIDST INFLATION AND CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS
- Notes
- Module 9: International Competitive Strategy
- Module 9 Introduction
- What Is International Strategy, and Why Is It Necessary?
- WHY PLAN GLOBALLY?
- The Process of Global Strategic Planning
- STEP 1: ANALYZE DOMESTIC, INTERNATIONAL, AND FOREIGN ENVIRONMENTS
- STEP 2: ANALYZE CORPORATE CONTROLLABLE VARIABLES
- STEP 3: DEFINE THE CORPORATE MISSION, VISION, AND VALUES STATEMENTS
- STEP 4: SET CORPORATE OBJECTIVES
- STEP 5: QUANTIFY THE OBJECTIVES
- STEP 6: FORMULATE THE COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
- REGIONAL STRATEGIES FOR COMPETING GLOBALLY
- STEP 7: PREPARE TACTICAL PLANS
- Strategic Plan Features and Implementation Facilitators
- SALES FORECASTS AND BUDGETS
- FACILITATION TOOLS FOR IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIC PLANS
- PERFORMANCE MEASURES
- Kinds of Strategic Plans
- TIME HORIZON
- LEVEL IN THE ORGANIZATION
- METHODS OF PLANNING
- New Directions in Planning
- WHO DOES STRATEGIC PLANNING?
- HOW STRATEGIC PLANNING IS DONE
- CONTENTS OF THE PLAN
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- THE GLOBALIZATION OF WALMART
- Notes
- Module 10: Organizational Design and Control
- Module 10 Introduction
- How Does Organizational Design Impact Multinational Corporations?
- Evolution of Multinational Corporation Structure
- INTERNATIONAL DIVISION STRUCTURE
- INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT STRUCTURE
- GEOGRAPHIC REGION STRUCTURE
- GLOBAL FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE
- HYBRID ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
- MATRIX ORGANIZATIONS
- MATRIX OVERLAY
- STRATEGIC BUSINESS UNITS
- CURRENT ORGANIZATIONAL TRENDS
- REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FUTURE OF INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES
- Where Decisions Are Made in Wholly Owned Subsidiaries
- STANDARDIZATION OF THE Company’s PRODUCTS AND EQUIPMENT
- COMPETENCE OF SUBSIDIARY MANAGEMENT AND Headquarters’ RELIANCE ON IT
- SIZE AND AGE OF THE MNC
- HEADQUARTERS’ WILLINGNESS TO BENEFIT THE CORPORATION AT THE Subsidiary’s EXPENSE
- THE SUBSIDIARY’S FRUSTRATION WITH ITS LIMITED POWER
- Where Decisions Are Made in Joint Ventures and Subsidiaries Less Than 50 Percent Owned
- LOSS OF FREEDOM AND FLEXIBILITY
- CONTROL CAN BE HAD EVEN WITH LIMITED OR NO OWNERSHIP
- Reporting
- FINANCIAL REPORTING
- TECHNOLOGICAL REPORTING
- REPORTING ABOUT MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
- POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC REPORTING
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- EVALUATING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES FOR LULULEMON’S INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION STRATEGY
- Notes
- Module 11: Global Leadership Issues and Practices
- Module 11 Introduction
- The Global Mind-Set
- Global Leadership: What It Is and Why It Matters
- HOW GLOBAL LEADERSHIP DIFFERS FROM DOMESTIC LEADERSHIP
- THE CHALLENGE OF FINDING GLOBAL LEADERS WITH THE “RIGHT Stuff”
- What Competencies Are Required for Effective Global Leadership?
- Selecting and Developing Effective Global Leaders
- ASSESSING GLOBAL LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES
- MODELS FOR DEVELOPING GLOBAL LEADERS
- TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPING GLOBAL LEADERSHIP SKILLS
- Leading Global Teams
- LEADING TEAMS
- COMPLEXITY FOR TEAMS IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT
- GLOBAL TEAM LEADERSHIP AND CULTURE
- VIRTUAL AND GEOGRAPHICALLY DISPERSED TEAMS
- PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN GLOBAL TEAMS
- Leading Global Change
- CHANGE MODELS
- CHANGE AND CULTURE
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- JUSTIN MARSHALL: A FAILED GLOBAL LEADERSHIP OPPORTUNITY?
- Notes
- Module 12: International Markets: Assessment and Entry Modes
- Module 12 Introduction
- Market Screening Approaches and Techniques
- INITIAL SCREENING—BASIC NEEDS POTENTIAL
- SECOND SCREENING—FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC FORCES
- THIRD SCREENING—POLITICAL AND LEGAL FORCES
- FOURTH SCREENING—CULTURAL FORCES
- FIFTH SCREENING—COMPETITIVE FORCES
- FINAL SELECTION OF NEW MARKETS
- SEGMENT SCREENING
- Trade Missions and Trade Fairs
- Research in the Local Market and as Practiced
- What Methods Are Available for Entering Foreign Markets
- NONEQUITY MODES OF ENTRY
- EQUITY-BASED MODES OF ENTRY
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- EVALUATING AND COMPARING THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF THREE LARGE LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES
- Notes
- Module 13: Marketing Internationally
- Module 13 Introduction
- Differences between Domestic and International Trade
- The Marketing Mix
- STANDARDIZE, ADAPT, OR START FROM SCRATCH?
- Product Strategies
- Modifying Types of Products
- INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
- CONSUMER PRODUCTS
- SERVICES
- FOREIGN ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES
- Promotional Strategies
- ADVERTISING
- Media Availability and Internet Advertising
- TYPE OF PRODUCT
- FOREIGN ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES
- Neither Purely Global nor Purely Local
- PERSONAL SELLING
- SALES PROMOTION
- PUBLIC RELATIONS
- Pricing Strategies
- STANDARDIZING PRICES
- FOREIGN NATIONAL PRICING
- INTERNATIONAL PRICING
- Distribution Strategies
- STANDARDIZING DISTRIBUTION
- FOREIGN ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- Wendy’s expansion and marketing strategy down under
- Notes
- Module 14: Managing Human Resources in an International Context
- Module 14 Introduction
- Worldwide Labor Conditions
- OVERALL SIZE OF THE WORKFORCE
- AGING OF POPULATIONS
- URBANIZATION OF WORKFORCE
- IMMIGRANT LABOR
- GUEST WORKERS
- BRAIN DRAIN
- LABOR UNIONS
- The Strategic Approach to International Human Resource Management
- Recruitment and Selection of Employees
- ETHNOCENTRIC STAFFING POLICY
- POLYCENTRIC STAFFING POLICY
- REGIOCENTRIC STAFFING POLICY
- GEOCENTRIC STAFFING POLICY
- Training and Development of Employees
- HOME- OR PARENT-COUNTRY NATIONAL
- HOST-COUNTRY NATIONAL
- THIRD-COUNTRY NATIONAL
- Expatriates
- THE Expatriate’s FAMILY
- PREPARATION FOR THE TRANSITION: LANGUAGE TRAINING
- EXPATRIATE SERVICES
- REPATRIATION—THE SHOCK OF RETURNING HOME
- Compensation for International Assignments
- SALARIES
- ALLOWANCES
- BONUSES
- COMPENSATION PACKAGES CAN BE COMPLICATED
- COMPENSATION OF THIRD-COUNTRY NATIONALS
- INTERNATIONAL STATUS
- PERKS
- What’s IMPORTANT TO YOU?
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- JAYDEN WHITE: SHOULD HE ACCEPT AN EXPAT ASSIGNMENT TO CHINA?
- Notes
- Module 15: International Accounting and Financial Management
- Module 15 Introduction
- Accounting and Foreign Currency
- THE PURPOSE OF INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING
- FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
- FOREIGN CURRENCY CONSOLIDATION: TRANSLATION AND FUNCTIONAL CURRENCY
- INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON THE PATH OF CONVERGENCE
- ACCOUNTING AND CULTURE
- Triple-Bottom-Line Accounting
- International Financial Management: Capital Structure of the Firm
- International Financial Management: Cash Flow Management
- WHY FUNDS ARE MOVED AND USEFUL TECHNIQUES FOR MOVING THEM
- INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CENTER
- MULTILATERAL NETTING
- LEADING AND LAGGING
- Foreign Exchange Risk Management
- TRANSACTION EXPOSURE
- TRANSLATION EXPOSURE
- ECONOMIC EXPOSURE
- Taxation
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- ADOBE’S CURRENCY RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
- Notes
- Bonus Module A: International Institutions from a Business Perspective
- Bonus Module A Introduction
- What Are Institutions, and Why Are They Useful?
- Institutional Theory
- TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS
- The United Nations
- GENERAL UN SUPPORT OF BUSINESS
- DIRECT UN IMPACT ON BUSINESS
- UN ORGANIZATION
- International Monetary Institutions
- INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
- THE WORLD BANK
- World Development and Trade Organizations
- ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)
- WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
- Economic Integration Agreements
- FREE TRADE AREA
- COMMON MARKET
- ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
- EXAMPLES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AGREEMENTS
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- GEOPOLITICAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTEGRATION FOR MNCS
- Notes
- Bonus Module B: Export and Import Practices
- Bonus Module B Introduction
- Sources of Export Information, Counseling, and Support
- MISTAKES MADE BY NEW EXPORTERS
- EXPORT MARKETING PLAN
- Incoterms, Pricing, Terms of Sale, and Payment
- INCOTERMS
- PRICING
- TERMS OF SALE
- EXPORT PAYMENT PROCEDURES
- Export Financing
- Export Procedures and Export Documents
- EXPORT SHIPMENTS
- Importing
- SOURCES FOR IMPORTS
- CUSTOMHOUSE BROKERS
- IMPORT DUTIES
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- ELECTRIFYING EXPORT: CARKINESIS’S PRICING STRATEGY
- Sample Outline for an Export Marketing Plan
- Notes
- Bonus Module C: Global Operations and Supply Chain Management
- Bonus Module C Introduction
- Managing Global Supply Chains
- Design of Products and Services
- Sourcing Globally
- REASONS FOR SOURCING GLOBALLY
- GLOBAL SOURCING ARRANGEMENTS
- IMPORTANCE OF GLOBAL SOURCING
- THE INCREASING USE OF ELECTRONIC PURCHASING FOR GLOBAL SOURCING
- Manufacturing Systems and Logistics
- ADVANCED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES CAN ENHANCE QUALITY AND LOWER COSTS
- LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAINS
- Standardization and the Management of Global Operations
- BENEFITS OF STANDARDIZATION OF GLOBAL OPERATIONS
- IMPEDIMENTS TO STANDARDIZATION OF GLOBAL OPERATIONS
- SOME DESIGN SOLUTIONS
- Summary
- Key Terms
- Critical Thinking Questions
- Research Task
- Mini Case
- apple in transition: geopolitical tensions and the move of manufacturing to india
- Notes
- Glossary
- Glossary
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- Name and Organization Index
- Name and Organization Index
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- World Map
- World Map
- Accessibility Content: Extended Description for Images
- Every Learner is Unique Graphic Extended Description (Front Matter)
- FIGURE 1.1 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- FIGURE 1.2 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- FIGURE 1.3 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- FIGURE 1.4 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- FIGURE 1.5 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
- FIGURE 2.1 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- FIGURE 2.2 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- FIGURE 2.3 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- FIGURE 2.4 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- FIGURE 2.5 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- FIGURE 2.6 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- FIGURE 2.7 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- FIGURE 2.8 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
- FIGURE 3.1 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- FIGURE 3.2 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- FIGURE 3.3 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- FIGURE 3.4 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- FIGURE 3.5 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- FIGURE 3.6 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
- FIGURE 4.1 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.2 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.3 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.4 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.5 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.6 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.7 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.8 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.9 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.10 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.11 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.12 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.13 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.14 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 4.15 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
- FIGURE 5.1 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- FIGURE 5.2 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- FIGURE 5.3 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- FIGURE 5.4 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- FIGURE 5.5 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- FIGURE 5.6 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- FIGURE 5.7 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- FIGURE 5.8 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
- FIGURE 6.1 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- FIGURE 6.2 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- FIGURE 6.3 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
- FIGURE 7.1 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- FIGURE 7.2 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- FIGURE 7.3 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- FIGURE 7.4 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- FIGURE 7.5 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- FIGURE 7.6 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- FIGURE 7.7 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
- FIGURE 8.1 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- Big Mac Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- FIGURE 8.2 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- FIGURE 8.4 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
- FIGURE 9.1 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- FIGURE 9.2 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- FIGURE 9.3 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- FIGURE 9.4 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- FIGURE 9.5 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- FIGURE 9.6 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
- FIGURE 10.1 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- FIGURE 10.2 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- FIGURE 10.3 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- FIGURE 10.4 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- FIGURE 10.5 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- FIGURE 10.6 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- FIGURE 10.7 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- FIGURE 10.8 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
- Table 11.1 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- FIGURE 11.1 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- FIGURE 11.2 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- FIGURE 11.3 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
- FIGURE 12.1 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- Economic Commission for Africa Graphic Extended Description (Chapter 12)
- FIGURE 13.1 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- FIGURE 13.2 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
- FIGURE 14.1 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- FIGURE 14.2 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- FIGURE 14.3 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- FIGURE 14.4 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- FIGURE 14.5 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
- FIGURE 15.2 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- FIGURE 15.3 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- FIGURE 15.4 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
- FIGURE A.1 Extended Description (Bonus Module A)
- FIGURE A.2 Extended Description (Bonus Module A)
- FIGURE A.3 Extended Description (Bonus Module A)
- FIGURE A.4 Extended Description (Bonus Module A)
- FIGURE A.6 Extended Description (Bonus Module A)
- FIGURE A.7 Extended Description (Bonus Module A)
- FIGURE A.8 Extended Description (Bonus Module A)
- FIGURE B.1 Extended Description (Bonus Module B)
- FIGURE B.2 Extended Description (Bonus Module B)
- Figure B.3 Extended Description (Bonus Module B)
- FIGURE B.4 Extended Description (Bonus Module B)
- FIGURE C.1 Extended Description (Bonus Module C)