Inquiry into Life ISE

Name: Inquiry into Life ISE
Price: 5150 ISK
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Author: Sylvia Mader; Michael Windelspecht
ISBN: 9781265040321

Höfundar: Sylvia Mader; Michael Windelspecht (Útgáfa: 18)

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Útgefandi: McGraw-Hill Higher Education (International)

ISBN: 9781265040321

Print ISBN: 9781265158170

Format: ePub

Útgáfa: 18

Höfundar: Sylvia Mader; Michael Windelspecht

Tungumál: English

Útgefið: 2025-07-01

Prent takmörkun á líftíma: 100

Prent takmörkun: 2

Afritunar takmörkun: 2

Flokkar: Náttúruvísindi

Efnisflokkar: Vísindi › Líffræði

Kaflar

Sharpen
Meet Sharpen
Table of Contents and Preface
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
About the Author
Preface
Goals of the 2025 Release
Relevancy
Connect
Acknowledgments
Brief Contents
Unit 1 Cell Biology
Unit 2 Plant Biology
Unit 3 Maintenance of the Human Body
Unit 4 Integration and Control of the Human Body
Unit 5 Continuance of the Species
Unit 6 Evolution and Diversity
Unit 7 Ecology
Contents
Unit 1 Cell Biology
Unit 2 Plant Biology
Unit 3 Maintenance of the Human Body
Unit 4 Integration and Control of the Human Body
Unit 5 Continuance of the Species
Unit 6 Evolution and Diversity
Unit 7 Ecology
Science in Your Life
Chapter 1: Biology: The Study of Life
Chapter 1 Overview
1.1 The Characteristics of Life
Life Is Organized
Life Requires Materials and Energy
Life Has the Capacity to Reproduce and Develop
Life Responds to Its Environment
Life Maintains an Internal Environment
Life Has the Ability to Adapt
1.2 The Classification of Life
Domains
Eukaryotic Supergroups and Kingdoms
Additional Levels of Classification
Scientific Names
1.3 The Process of Science
Observation
Hypothesis
Predictions and Experiments
Presenting and Analyzing the Data
Scientific Theory
An Example of the Scientific Method
1.4 Science and the Challenges Facing Society
Climate Change
Biodiversity and Habitat Loss
Emerging and Reemerging Diseases
Chapter 1 Review
1.1 The Characteristics of Life
1.2 The Classification of Life
1.3 The Process of Science
1.4 Science and the Challenges Facing Society
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 2: The Molecules of Cells
Chapter 2 Overview
The Molecules of Cells
2.1 Introduction to Chemistry
Atomic Structure
The Periodic Table
Radioactive Isotopes
Electrons
2.2 Molecules and Compounds
Ionic Bonding
Covalent Bonding
2.3 Chemistry of Water
Properties of Water
Acids and Bases
2.4 Organic Molecules
Functional Groups
From Monomers to Polymers
2.5 Carbohydrates
Monosaccharidesâ€”Simple Sugars
Disaccharides
Polysaccharidesâ€”Complex Carbohydrates
2.6 Lipids
Triglycerides: Fats and Oils
Phospholipids
Steroids
2.7 Proteins
Amino Acids: The Building Blocks of Proteins
Levels of Protein Organization
2.8 Nucleic Acids
Structure of DNA and RNA
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Chapter 2 Review
2.1 Introduction to Chemistry
2.2 Molecules and Compounds
2.3 Chemistry of Water
2.4 Organic Molecules
2.5 Carbohydrates
2.6 Lipids
2.7 Proteins
2.8 Nucleic Acids
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 3 Overview
3.1 The Cellular Level of Organization
The Cell Theory
Cell Size
3.2 Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Walls
Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells
The Nucleus
The Endomembrane System
Peroxisomes
Energy-Related Organelles
3.4 The Cytoskeleton
Actin Filaments
3.5 Origin and Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell
Chapter 3 Review
3.1 The Cellular Level of Organization
3.2 Prokaryotic Cells
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
3.4 The Cytoskeleton
3.5 Origin and Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 4: Membrane Structure and Function
Chapter 4 Overview
4.1 Plasma Membrane Structure and Function
Functions of the Membrane Proteins
4.2 The Permeability of the Plasma Membrane
Diffusion and Osmosis
Transport by Carrier Proteins
Bulk Transport
4.3 Modifications of Cell Surfaces
Cell Surfaces in Animals
Plant Cell Walls
4.4 Cell-to-Cell Communication
Cell Signaling
Second Messenger Systems
Chapter 4 Review
4.1 Plasma Membrane Structure and Function
4.2 The Permeability of the Plasma Membrane
4.3 Modifications of Cell Surfaces
4.4 Cell-to-Cell Communication
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 5: Cell Division
Chapter 5 Overview
5.1 The Cell Cycle
The Cell Cycle
Apoptosis
5.2 Control of the Cell Cycle
Checkpoints and Growth Factors
Genes Control the Cell Cycle
5.3 Mitosis: Maintaining the Chromosome Number
Overview of Mitosis
Dividing the Chromosomes
Cytokinesis in Animal and Plant Cells
5.4 Meiosis: Reducing the Chromosome Number
Overview of Meiosis
Meiosis in Detail
The Importance of Meiosis
5.5 Comparison of Meiosis with Mitosis
Occurrence
Processes
5.6 The Human Life Cycle
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis in Humans
Chapter 5 Review
5.1 The Cell Cycle
5.2 Control of the Cell Cycle
5.3 Mitosis: Maintaining the Chromosome Number
5.4 Meiosis: Reducing the Chromosome Number
5.5 Comparison of Meiosis with Mitosis
5.6 The Human Life Cycle
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 6: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes
Chapter 6 Overview
6.1 Life and the Flow of Energy
Forms of Energy
Two Laws of Thermodynamics
Cells and Entropy
6.2 Energy Transformations and Metabolism
Overview of Metabolic Reactions
ATP: Energy for Cells
6.3 Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways
Energy of Activation
How Enzymes Function
Factors Affecting Enzymatic Speed
6.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions and Metabolism
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis
Mitochondria and Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration and Humans
Chapter 6 Review
6.1 Life and the Flow of Energy
6.2 Energy Transformations and Metabolism
6.3 Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways
6.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions and Metabolism
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration
Chapter 7 Overview
7.1 Overview of Cellular Respiration
The NAD+ and FAD Coenzymes
Phases of Cellular Respiration
7.2 Outside the Mitochondria: Glycolysis
Energy-Investment Steps
Energy-Harvesting Steps
7.3 Outside the Mitochondria: Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcohol Fermentation
7.4 Inside the Mitochondria
Preparatory Reaction
Citric Acid Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain
Chapter 7 Review
7.1 Overview of Cellular Respiration
7.2 Outside the Mitochondria: Glycolysis
7.3 Outside the Mitochondria: Fermentation
7.4 Inside the Mitochondria
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 8: Photosynthesis
Chapter 8 Overview
Photosynthesis
8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis in the Flowering Plants
Photosynthetic Reaction
8.2 Plants as Solar Energy Converters
Visible Light
Light Reactions
8.3 Plants as Carbon Dioxide Fixers
Fixation of Carbon Dioxide
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Regeneration of RuBP
The Importance of the Calvin Cycle
8.4 Alternative Pathways for Photosynthesis
C 3 Photosynthesis
C 4 Photosynthesis
CAM Photosynthesis
8.5 Photosynthesis Versus Cellular Respiration
Chapter 8 Review
8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis
8.2 Plants as Solar Energy Converters
8.3 Plants as Carbon Dioxide Fixers
8.4 Alternative Pathways for Photosynthesis
8.5 Photosynthesis Versus Cellular Respiration
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 9: Plant Organization and Function
Chapter 9 Overview
9.1 Cells and Tissues of Plants
Meristematic Tissue
Types of Tissue in Plants
Epidermal Tissue
Ground Tissue
Vascular Tissue
9.2 Plant Organs and Systems
Root System
Shoot System: Stems
Shoot System: Leaves
9.3 Monocot Versus Eudicot Plants
9.4 Organization of Roots
Anatomy of a Eudicot Root
Anatomy of Monocot Roots
Root Diversity
Symbiotic Relationships in Roots
9.5 Organization of Stems
Herbaceous Stems
Woody Stems
Stem Diversity
9.6 Organization of Leaves
Leaf Diversity
9.7 Uptake and Transport of Nutrients
Water Uptake and Transport
Opening and Closing of Stomata
Organic Nutrient Transport
Chapter 9 Review
9.1 Cells and Tissues of Plants
9.2 Plant Organs and Systems
9.3 Monocot Versus Eudicot Plants
9.4 Organization of Roots
9.5 Organization of Stems
9.6 Organization of Leaves
9.7 Uptake and Transport of Nutrients
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 10: Plant Reproduction, Growth, and Response
Chapter 10 Overview
10.1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Alternation of Generations in Flowering Plants
Flowers
Life Cycle of Flowering Plants
10.2 Growth and Development
Development of the Eudicot Embryo
Fruit Types and Seed Dispersal
10.3 Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Asexual Reproduction from Stems, Roots, and Cuttings
Propagation of Plants in Tissue Culture
10.4 Control of Growth and Responses
Plant Hormones
Plant Responses to Environmental Stimuli
Flowering
Chapter 10 Review
10.1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
10.2 Growth and Development
10.3 Asexual Reproduction in Plants
10.4 Control of Growth and Responses
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 11: Human Organization
Chapter 11 Overview
Human Organization
11.1 Types of Tissues
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscular Tissue
Nervous Tissue
11.2 Body Cavities, Body Membranes, and Organ Systems
Body Membranes
Organ Systems
11.3 Integumentary System
Regions of the Skin
Accessory Organs of the Skin
Disorders of the Skin
11.4 Homeostasis
Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback
Homeostasis and Body Systems
Disease
Chapter 11 Review
11.1 Types of Tissues
11.2 Body Cavities, Body Membranes, and Organ Systems
11.3 Integumentary System
11.4 Homeostasis
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
Chapter 12 Overview
12.1 The Blood Vessels
The Arteries
The Capillaries
The Veins
12.2 Blood
Components of Blood
Bone Marrow Stem Cells
Capillary Exchange
12.3 The Human Heart
Path of Blood Through the Heart
The Heartbeat
The Electrocardiogram
12.4 Two Cardiovascular Pathways
The Pulmonary Circuit
The Systemic Circuit
12.5 Cardiovascular Disorders
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Heart Valve Disease
Stroke, Heart Attack, and Aneurysm
Chapter 12 Review
12.1 The Blood Vessels
12.2 Blood
12.3 The Human Heart
12.4 Two Cardiovascular Pathways
12.5 Cardiovascular Disorders
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 13: Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Chapter 13 Overview
13.1 The Lymphatic System
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphoid Organs
13.2 Innate Immunity
Physical and Chemical Barriers
13.3 Adaptive Immunity
Antigen Receptor Diversity and Clonal Selection
13.4 Active Versus Passive Immunity
Active Immunity
Passive Immunity
Immune Therapies
13.5 Adverse Effects of Immune Responses
Allergies
Blood-Type Reactions
Tissue Rejection
13.6 Disorders of the Immune System
Chapter 13 Review
13.1 The Lymphatic System
13.2 Innate Immunity
13.3 Adaptive Immunity
13.4 Active Versus Passive Immunity
13.5 Adverse Effects of Immune Responses
13.6 Disorders of the Immune System
Thinking critically about biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 14: Digestive System and Nutrition
Chapter 14 Overview
14.1 The Digestive Tract
The Mouth
The Pharynx
The Esophagus
The Wall of the Digestive Tract
The Stomach
The Large Intestine
14.2 Accessory Organs of Digestion
The Liver
The Pancreas
The Gallbladder
14.3 Digestive Enzymes
14.4 Human Nutrition and Disease
Major Classes of Nutrients
Diseases Associated with the Diet
Dietary Supplements
Food Additives
14.5 Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge Eating Disorder
Pica
14.6 Disorders of the Digestive System
Disorders of the Digestive Tract
Disorders of the Accessory Organs
Chapter 14 Review
14.1 The Digestive Tract
14.2 Accessory Organs of Digestion
14.3 Digestive Enzymes
14.4 Human Nutrition and Disease
14.5 Eating Disorders
14.6 Disorders of the Digestive System
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 15: Respiratory System
Chapter 15 Overview
15.1 The Respiratory System
The Respiratory Tract
15.2 Mechanism of Breathing
Respiratory Volumes
Inspiration and Expiration
15.3 Gas Exchange in the Body
External Respiration
Internal Respiration
15.4 Disorders of the Respiratory System
Disorders of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract
Chapter 15 Review
15.1 The Respiratory System
15.2 Mechanism of Breathing
15.3 Gas Exchange in the Body
15.4 Disorders of the Respiratory System
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 16: Urinary System
Chapter 16 Overview
16.1 The Urinary System
Functions of the Urinary System
Organs of the Urinary System
Urination
16.2 Anatomy of the Kidney and Excretion
Anatomy of a Nephron
Urine Formation
16.3 Regulatory Functions of the Kidneys
Osmoregulation
Acid-Base Balance
16.4 Disorders of the Urinary System
Disorders of the Kidneys
Disorders of the Urinary Bladder and Urethra
Chapter 16 Review
16.1 The Urinary System
16.2 Anatomy of the Kidney and Excretion
16.3 Regulatory Functions of the Kidneys
16.4 Disorders of the Urinary System
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 17: Nervous System
Chapter 17 Overview
Nervous System
17.1 Nervous Tissue
Types of Neurons and Neuron Structure
Myelin Sheath
17.2 Transmission of Nerve Impulses
Resting Potential
Action Potential
Transmission Across a Synapse
17.3 The Central Nervous System
The Spinal Cord
The Brain
17.4 The Limbic System and Higher Mental Functions
Anatomy of the Limbic System
Higher Mental Functions
17.5 The Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic System
Autonomic System
17.6 Substance Use Disorders
Some Common Addictive Drugs
17.7 Disorders of the Nervous System
Disorders of the Nervous System
Disorders of the Spinal Cord
Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves
Chapter 17 Review
17.1 Nervous Tissue
17.2 Transmission of Nerve Impulses
17.3 The Central Nervous System
17.4 The Limbic System and Higher Mental Functions
17.5 The Peripheral Nervous System
17.6 Substance Use Disorders
17.7 Disorders of the Nervous System
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 18: Senses
Chapter 18 Overview
18.1 Sensory Receptors and Sensations
Types of Sensory Receptors
How Sensation Occurs
18.2 Somatic Senses
Proprioceptors
Cutaneous Receptors
Pain Receptors
18.3 Senses of Taste and Smell
Sense of Taste
Sense of Smell
18.4 Sense of Vision
Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye
18.5 Sense of Hearing
Anatomy of the Ear
18.6 Sense of Equilibrium
Rotational Equilibrium Pathway
Gravitational Equilibrium Pathway
18.7 Disorders that Affect the Senses
Disorders of Taste and Smell
Disorders of the Eye
Disorders of Hearing and Equilibrium
Chapter 18 Review
18.1 Sensory Receptors and Sensations
18.2 Somatic Senses
18.3 Senses of Taste and Smell
18.4 Sense of Vision
18.5 Sense of Hearing
18.6 Sense of Equilibrium
18.7 Disorders that Affect the Senses
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 19: Muscular and Skeletal Systems
Chapter 19 Overview
19.1 Overview of the Human Skeleton
Organization of Tissues in the Skeleton
Structure of Bone and Associated Tissues
Bone Growth and Remodeling
19.2 Bones of the Skeleton
Classification of the Bones
The Axial Skeleton
The Rib Cage
The Appendicular Skeleton
Joints
19.3 Human Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscles Work in Pairs
Names of Skeletal Muscles
Major Skeletal Muscles
19.4 Mechanism of Muscle Fiber Contraction
Structure of a Muscle Fiber
Skeletal Muscle Contraction
The Molecular Mechanism of Contraction
Energy for Muscle Contraction
19.5 Whole Muscle Contraction
In the Laboratory
In the Body
19.6 Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
Disorders of the Skeleton and Joints
Disorders of the Muscles
Chapter 19 Review
19.1 Overview of the Human Skeleton
19.2 Bones of the Skeleton
19.3 Human Skeletal Muscle
19.4 Mechanism of Muscle Fiber Contraction
19.5 Whole Muscle Contraction
19.6 Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 20: Endocrine System
Chapter 20 Overview
20.1 Overview of the Endocrine System
Hormones and Homeostasis
The Action of Hormones
Pheromones
20.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Posterior Pituitary
Anterior Pituitary
20.3 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
20.4 Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Medulla
Adrenal Cortex
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
20.5 Pancreas
20.6 Other Endocrine Glands
Testes and Ovaries
Thymus
Pineal Gland
Hormones from Other Tissues
20.7 Disorders of the Endocrine System
Disorders of the Pituitary Gland
Disorders of the Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Glands
Diabetes Mellitus
Chapter 20 Review
20.1 Overview of the Endocrine System
20.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
20.3 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
20.4 Adrenal Glands
20.5 Pancreas
20.6 Other Endocrine Glands
20.7 Disorders of the Endocrine System
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 21: Reproductive System
Chapter 21 Overview
Reproductive System
21.1 Male Reproductive System
Genital Tract
Erection and Orgasm in Males
Male Gonads, the Testes
Hormonal Regulation in Males
21.2 Female Reproductive System
The Genital Tract
External Genitals
Orgasm in Females
21.3 Ovarian and Uterine Cycles
The Ovarian Cycle
The Uterine Cycle
Menstruation
Fertilization and Pregnancy
Menopause
21.4 Control of Reproduction
Birth Control Methods
21.5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
STDs Caused by Viruses
STDs Caused by Bacteria
21.6 Reproductive Disorders and Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Common Conditions Affecting the Male Reproductive System
Common Conditions Affecting the Female Reproductive System
Infertility
Chapter 21 Review
21.1 Male Reproductive System
21.2 Female Reproductive System
21.3 Ovarian and Uterine Cycles
21.4 Control of Reproduction
21.5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
21.6 Reproductive Disorders and Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 22: Development and Aging
Chapter 22 Overview
22.1 Fertilization and Early Stages of Development
Fertilization
Early Stages of Animal Development
22.2 Processes of Development
Cellular Differentiation
Morphogenesis
22.3 Human Embryonic and Fetal Development
Extraembryonic Membranes
Embryonic Development
Fetal Development
22.4 Human Pregnancy, Birth, and Lactation
Pregnancy
Birth
22.5 Aging
Factors Influencing Aging
The Effects of Aging on Organ Systems
Chapter 22 Review
22.1 Fertilization and Early Stages of Development
22.2 Processes of Development
22.3 Human Embryonic and Fetal Development
22.4 Human Pregnancy, Birth, and Lactation
22.5 Aging
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 23: Patterns of Gene Inheritance
Chapter 23 Overview
23.1 Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Gregor Mendel
The Inheritance of a Single Trait
The Inheritance of Two Traits
23.2 Pedigree Analysis and Genetic Disorders
Patterns of Inheritance
23.3 Beyond Simple Inheritance Patterns
Incomplete Dominance
Multiple Allele Inheritance
Polygenic Inheritance
23.4 Environmental Influences
Chapter 23 Review
23.1 Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
23.2 Pedigree Analysis and Genetic Disorders
23.3 Beyond Simple Inheritance Patterns
23.4 Environmental Influences
Thinking critically about biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 24: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Chapter 24 Overview
24.1 Gene Linkage
24.2 X-Linked Inheritance
Sex-Linked Alleles
Pedigree for X-Linked Disorders
X-Linked Recessive Disorders of Interest
24.3 Changes in Chromosome Number
Changes in the Number of Chromosomes
Changes in the Number of Autosome Chromosomes
Changes in the Number of Sex Chromosomes
24.4 Changes in Chromosome Structure
Deletions
Duplications
Translocations
Inversions
Chapter 24 Review
24.1 Gene Linkage
24.2 X-Linked Inheritance
24.3 Changes in Chromosome Number
24.4 Changes in Chromosome Structure
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 25: DNA Structure and Gene Expression
Chapter 25 Overview
25.1 DNA Structure
The Nature of the Genetic Material
Structure of DNA
25.2 DNA Replication
25.3 Gene Expression
Transcription
Translation
Translation Requires Three Steps
Review of Gene Expression
25.4 Control of Gene Expression
Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
25.5 Gene Mutations and Cancer
Causes of Mutations
Effect of Mutations on Protein Activity
Mutations Can Cause Cancer
Characteristics of Cancer Cells
Chapter 25 Review
25.1 DNA Structure
25.2 DNA Replication
25.3 Gene Expression
25.4 Control of Gene Expression
25.5 Gene Mutations and Cancer
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 26: Biotechnology and Genomics
Chapter 26 Overview
26.1 Biotechnology
Cloning
Recombinant DNA Technology
DNA Analysis
Genome Editing
26.2 Biotechnology Products
Genetically Modified Bacteria
Genetically Modified Plants
Genetically Modified Animals
26.3 Gene Therapy
Ex Vivo Gene Therapy
In Vivo Gene Therapy
RNA Interference
26.4 Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics
Sequencing the Genome
Genome Architecture
Redefining the Gene
Functional and Comparative Genomics
Proteomics
Bioinformatics
Chapter 26 Review
26.1 Biotechnology
26.2 Biotechnology Products
26.3 Gene Therapy
26.4 Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 27: Evolution of Life
Chapter 27 Overview
Evolution of Life
27.1 Theory of Evolution
27.2 Evidence of Evolution
Fossil Evidence
Biogeographical Evidence
Anatomical Evidence
Biochemical Evidence
We Can Observe Selection at Work
27.3 Microevolution
Microevolution in the Peppered Moth
27.4 Processes of Evolution
Five Agents of Evolutionary Change
Maintenance of Variation
27.5 Macroevolution and Speciation
Defining a Species
The Process of Speciation
Adaptive Radiation
The Pace of Speciation
27.6 Systematics
Classification
Phylogeny
Three-Domain Classification System
Chapter 27 Review
27.1 Theory of Evolution
27.2 Evidence of Evolution
27.3 Microevolution
27.4 Processes of Evolution
27.5 Macroevolution and Speciation
27.6 Systematics
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 28: Microbiology
Chapter 28 Overview
28.1 The Microbial World
The Science of Microbiology
28.2 The Origin of Microbial Life
The Evolution of Monomers
The Evolution of Polymers
The Evolution of Protobionts
The Evolution of Living Cells
28.3 Archaea
Archaeal Size and Structure
Types of Archaea
28.4 Bacteria
Bacterial Size and Structure
Bacterial Reproduction and Gene Transfer
Bacterial Diseases of Humans
28.5 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Viral Size and Structure
Viral Reproduction
Viral Diseases of Humans
Viroids and Prions
28.6 Emerging Infectious Diseases and SARS-CoV-2
Coronaviruses and COVID-19
Chapter 28 Review
28.1 The Microbial World
28.2 The Origin of Microbial Life
28.3 Archaea
28.4 Bacteria
28.5 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
28.6 Emerging Infectious Diseases and SARS-CoV-2
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 29: Protists and Fungi
Chapter 29 Overview
29.1 Protists
General Characteristics of Protists
Diversity of Protists
Protistans and Human Disease
29.2 Fungi
Evolution of Fungi
Biology of Fungi
Diversity of Fungi
Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi
Fungal Diseases of Humans
Chapter 29 Review
29.1 Protists
29.2 Fungi
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 30: Plants
Chapter 30 Overview
30.1 Evolutionary History of Plants
Alternation of Generations
30.2 Nonvascular Plants
Liverworts
Hornworts
Mosses
Adaptations and Uses of Nonvascular Plants
30.3 Seedless Vascular Plants
Lycophytes
Ferns and Their Allies
30.4 Seed Plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Chapter 30 Review
30.1 Evolutionary History of Plants
30.2 Nonvascular Plants
30.3 Seedless Vascular Plants
30.4 Seed Plants
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer key
Chapter 31: Animals: The Invertebrates
Chapter 31 Overview
31.1 Evolutionary Trends Among Animals
Characteristics of Animals
Phylogenetic Tree of Animals
Evolution of the Animal Body Plan
31.2 The Simplest Invertebrates
The Parazoa: Porifera
The Eumetazoa: Ctenophores and Cnidarians
31.3 The Lophotrochozoans
Types of Lophotrochozoa
31.4 The Ecdysozoa
Roundworms
Arthropods
31.5 Invertebrate Deuterostomes
Characteristics of Echinoderms
Chapter 31 Review
31.1 Evolutionary Trends Among Animals
31.2 The Simplest Invertebrates
31.3 The Lophotrochozoans
31.4 The Ecdysozoa
31.5 Invertebrate Deuterostomes
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 32: Animals: Chordates and Vertebrates
Chapter 32 Overview
32.1 Chordates
Evolutionary Trends Among the Chordates
Nonvertebrate Chordates
32.2 Vertebrates: Fishes and Amphibians
Fishes: Evolution of the Jaw
Amphibians: Transition to Land
32.3 Vertebrates: Reptiles and Mammals
Reptiles: Amniotic Egg
Feathered Reptiles
Mammals: Hair and Mammary Glands
Primates
32.4 Evolution of the Hominins
The First Hominins
Evolution of Early Homo
32.5 Evolution of Modern Humans
Neanderthals
Cro-Magnons
Chapter 32 Review
32.1 Chordates
32.2 Vertebrates: Fishes and Amphibians
32.3 Vertebrates: Reptiles and Mammals
32.4 Evolution of the Hominins
32.5 Evolution of Modern Humans
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 33: Animal Behavior
Chapter 33 Overview
Animal Behavior
33.1 Genetics Influences Behavior
Nurturing Behavior in Mice
Food Choice in Garter Snakes
Egg-Laying Behavior of Marine Snails
33.2 The Environment Influences Behavior
Learning in Birds
Associative Learning
33.3 Animal Communication
Chemical Communication
Auditory Communication
Visual Communication
Tactile Communication
33.4 Behavioral Ecology
Territoriality and Fitness
Reproductive Strategies and Fitness
Societies and Fitness
Sociobiology and Human Culture
Altruism Versus Self-Interest
Chapter 33 Review
33.1 Genetics Influences Behavior
33.2 The Environment Influences Behavior
33.3 Animal Communication
33.4 Behavioral Ecology
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 34: Population and Community Ecology
Chapter 34 Overview
Population and Community Ecology
34.1 The Scope of Ecology
34.2 Patterns of Population Growth
Survivorship
Human Population Growth
34.3 Interactions Between Populations
Competition
Predation
Symbiosis
34.4 Ecological Succession
Models of Succession
Chapter 34 Review
34.1 The Scope of Ecology
34.2 Patterns of Population Growth
34.3 Interactions Between Populations
34.4 Ecological Succession
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 35: Nature of Ecosystems
Chapter 35 Overview
35.1 The Biotic Components of Ecosystems
Populations Within an Ecosystem
Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling
35.2 Energy Flow
Trophic Levels
Ecological Pyramids
35.3 Global Biogeochemical Cycles
The Water Cycle
The Phosphorus Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle
The Carbon Cycle
35.4 Ecological Consequences of Climate Change
Contributors to Climate Change
Consequences of Climate Change
Chapter 35 Review
35.1 The Biotic Components of Ecosystems
35.2 Energy Flow
35.3 Global Biogeochemical Cycles
35.4 Ecological Consequences of Climate Change
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Chapter 36: Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere
Chapter 36 Overview
36.1 Climate and the Biosphere
Effect of Solar Radiation
Other Effects
36.2 Terrestrial Ecosystems
Tundra
Coniferous Forests
Temperate Deciduous Forests
Tropical Forests
Shrublands
Grasslands
Deserts
36.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
Mountain Streams and Rivers
Lakes
Oceans
Chapter 36 Review
36.1 Climate and the Biosphere
36.2 Terrestrial Ecosystems
36.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Chapter 37: Conservation Biology
Chapter 37 Overview
37.1 Conservation Biology and Biodiversity
Biodiversity
37.2 The Value of Biodiversity
Direct Value
Indirect Value
37.3 Threats to Biodiversity
Habitat Loss
Nonnative Species
Pollution
Overexploitation
Disease
37.4 Habitat Conservation and Restoration
Habitat Conservation
Landscape Conservation and Reserve Design
Habitat Restoration
37.5 Working Toward a Sustainable Society
Energy
Water
Agriculture
Urban Growth
Chapter 37 Review
37.1 Conservation Biology and Biodiversity
37.2 The Value of Biodiversity
37.3 Threats to Biodiversity
37.4 Habitat Conservation and Restoration
37.5 Working Toward a Sustainable Society
Thinking Critically About Biology
Making It Relevant to You
Answer Key
Appendix A: Periodic Table of the Elements, and the Metric System
Appendix A Periodic Table of the Elements, and the Metric System
Periodic Table of Elements
The Metric System
Glossary
Glossary
Index
Index
Accessibility Content: Extended Descriptions for Images
Front Cover Extended Description (Front Matter)
A Woman with Head Wrapped Extended Description (Front Matter)
A Video Screenshot Shows Extended Description (Front Matter)
A Page with Four Sections Shows Extended Description (Front Matter)
A Page Shows Extended Description (Front Matter)
A Textbox Titled Extended Description (Front Matter)
A Textbox Titled Extended Description (Front Matter)
A Textbox Titled Extended Description (Front Matter)
A Textbox Titled Extended Description (Front Matter)
Four Photographs Arranged in Two Rows and Two Col Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.1 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.2 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.3 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.5 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.6 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.7 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.8 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.9 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 1.10 Extended Description (Chapter 1)
Figure 2.1 Alternative (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.2 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.3 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.4 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.6 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.7 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.8 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.9 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Sodium Chloride Dissolved Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.11 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.12 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
The Structure of a Carbonyl Group and Phosphate Group Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.13 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.14 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.15 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.16 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.17 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.18 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.19 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.20 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.21 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.22 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.23 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.24 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
A Molecular Structure Carbon and Nitrogen Labeled Peptide Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.25 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.26 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.27 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.28 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.29 Extended Description (Chapter 2)
Figure 3A Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.1 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.2 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.3 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Four Types of Prokaryotes Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.4 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.5 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.6 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.7 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.8 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.10 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.11 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.12 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.13 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
A Diagram of Myosin Molecules Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.14 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.15 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.16 Extended Description (Chapter 3)
Figure 4.1 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.2(a-e) Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.3 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.4 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.5 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.6 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.7 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.8 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.9 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.11(a-d) Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.12 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.13(a-c) Extended Description (4)
Figure 4.14 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.15 Extended Description (Chapter 4)
Figure 5.1 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.2 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.3 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.4(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.5 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.6 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.7 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.8 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.9 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.10 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.12 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.13 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.14 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.15 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.16 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.17 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.18 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.19 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.20 Extended Description (Chapter 5)
Figure 6.1 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.2(a-c) Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.3 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.4 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.5 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.6(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.8(a-c) Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.9 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.10(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Reaction Shows Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.11 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 6.12 Extended Description (Chapter 6)
Figure 7.1 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.2 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.3 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.4 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.5 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Reaction Shows Extended Description (Chapter 7)
A Process Depicts Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.6 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
A Process Depicts Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.7 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.8 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
A Process Depicts Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.9(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7.10 Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 7B Extended Description (Chapter 7)
Figure 8.1(a-c) Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.2 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.3 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.4 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.5 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.6 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.7 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.8 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.9 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
A Sequence Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Reaction Shows Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.10 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.11 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.12 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.13 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 8.14 Extended Description (Chapter 8)
A Line Graph Extended Description (Chapter 8)
Figure 9.1 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.2 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.3 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.4 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.5 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.6 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.7 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.8 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.9 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.10 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Two Cross-Sectional Diagrams Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.11 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.12 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.13 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.14 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.15 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.16 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.17 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.18 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.19 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.20 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.21 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.22 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.23 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9B Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.24 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.25 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.26 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
A Diagram Shows Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 9.27 Extended Description (Chapter 9)
Figure 10.1 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.2 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.3 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.4 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.5 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.6 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10A Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.7 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.8 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.9 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.10 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.11 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.12 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.13 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.14 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.15 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.16 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.17 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.18 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 10.19 Extended Description (Chapter 10)
Figure 11.1 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.2 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.3 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.4 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.5 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.6 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.7 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.8 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11A Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.10 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.11 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
A Line Graph Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.12 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 11.13 Extended Description (Chapter 11)
Figure 12.1 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.2 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.3 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.4 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.5 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.6 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.7 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.8 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.9 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.10 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.11 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.12 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.13 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.14 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.15 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.16 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.17 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.18 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.19 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.21 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.22 Extended Description (Chapter 12)
Figure 13.1 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.2 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.3 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.4 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.5 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.6 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.7 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.8 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.9 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.10 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Table 13A Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.11 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.12 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13A Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.14 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.15 Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 13C Extended Description (Chapter 13)
Figure 14.1 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.2 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.3 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.4 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.5 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.6 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.7 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.9 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.10 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.11 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.12 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.13 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.14 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 14.15 Extended Description (Chapter 14)
An Incubator Extended Description (Chapter 14)
Figure 15.1 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.2 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.3 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.4 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.5 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.6 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.7 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.8 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.9 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.10 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15B Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 15.12 Extended Description (Chapter 15)
Figure 16.1 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.2 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.3 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.4 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.5 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.6 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.7 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.9 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 16.10 Extended Description (Chapter 16)
Figure 17.1 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.2 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.3 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.4 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.5 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.6 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.7 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.8 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.9 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.10 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.11 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17A Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.12 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.13 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.14 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.15 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.16 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.17 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.18 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.19 Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 17C Extended Description (Chapter 17)
Figure 18.1 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.2 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.3 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.4 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.5(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.6 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.7(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.8 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.9 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.10 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.11 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.12 Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.13(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.15(a-c) Extended Description (Chapter 18)
Figure 19.1 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.2 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.3 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.4 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.5 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.6 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.7 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.8 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.9 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.10 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.11 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.12 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.13 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.14 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.15 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.16(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.17(a-c) Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.18(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.19 Extended Description (Chapter 19)
Figure 20.1 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.3 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.4 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.5 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.6 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.7 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.8 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.9 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.10 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.11 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.12 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20A Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.16 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 20.18 Extended Description (Chapter 20)
Figure 21.1 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.2 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.3 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.4 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.5 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.7 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.8 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.9 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.10(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.11 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.13 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.17 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 21.18 Extended Description (Chapter 21)
Figure 22.1 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.2(b) Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.3 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.4 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.5 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.6 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Diagram Labeled Cytoplasmic Segregation Shows Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.7 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.8(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.9(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.10(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.11 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.12 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.13(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.15 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22A Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.16 Extended Description (Chapter 22)
Figure 23.2 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23A Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23B Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.3 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
A Cross Between Parents Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.4 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.5 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.6 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.7 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.8 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.9 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.11 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.13 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.15 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.16 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.17 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.18 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.19 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.20 Extended Description (Chapter 23)
Figure 24.1 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.2 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.3 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.4 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24B Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.5 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.7 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.8 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.9 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.10 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.11 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 24.12 Extended Description (Chapter 24)
Figure 25.1 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.2 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25A Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.3 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.4 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.5 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.6 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.7 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.8 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.9 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.10 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.11 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.12 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.13 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.14 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.15 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
A Chart Shows Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.16 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.17 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.18 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.19 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.20 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.21 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 25.22 Extended Description (Chapter 25)
Figure 26.1 Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 26.2 Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 26.3 Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 26.4 Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 26.5 Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 26.6 Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 26.7 Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 26.11(a) Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 26.12 Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 26.13 Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 26.14 Extended Description (Chapter 26)
Figure 27.1 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.2 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.3 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.4 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.5 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.6 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.7 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.8 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.9 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.11 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.12 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.13 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.15 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.16 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27C Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.17 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.18 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27D Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.19 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.20(a) Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.21 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.22 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.23 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.24 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.25 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.26 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 27.27 Extended Description (Chapter 27)
Figure 28.1 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.2 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.3 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.5 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.6 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.7 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.8 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.9 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
A Chart Shows Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.12 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.13 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.14 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.15 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.16 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.17 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28D Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.19 Extended Description (Chapter 28)
Figure 29.1 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.2 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.4 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.10 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.11 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.12 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.14 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.15 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.17 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29E Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.18 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.19 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.22 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.23 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.24 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.25 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.26 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.27 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.28 Extended Description (Chapter 29)
Figure 30.2 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.3 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.4 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30B Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.5 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.7 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Set of 2 Diagrams Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.9 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.10 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.11 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.12 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.13 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.14 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.16 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30C Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30D Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.17 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.18 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.19 Extended Description (Chapter 30)
Figure 31.1 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.2 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31A Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31B Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.3 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.4 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.5 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.7 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.8 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.9 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.11 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.12 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.13 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.14 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.15 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.16 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.18 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.19 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.20 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.21 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.22 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.23 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.24(a-b) Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.25 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.26 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.27 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.28 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.29 Extended Description (Chapter 31)
Figure 32.2 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.3 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.5 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.7 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.8 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.9 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.10 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.11 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.12 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.13 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.14 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.15 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.16 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.18 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.19 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.20 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 32.21 Extended Description (Chapter 32)
Figure 33B Extended Description (Chapter 33)
Figure 33C Extended Description (Chapter 33)
Figure 33.1 Extended Description (Chapter 33)
Figure 33.2 Extended Description (Chapter 33)
Figure 33.4 Extended Description (Chapter 33)
Figure 33.5 Extended Description (Chapter 33)
Figure 33.7 Extended Description (Chapter 33)
Figure 33.10 Extended Description (Chapter 33)
Figure 33.12 Extended Description (Chapter 33)
Figure 34.1 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.3 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.4 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.5 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.6 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.7 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.8 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.9 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.10 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.11 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.12 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.13 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 34.16 Extended Description (Chapter 34)
Figure 35.1 Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35.2 Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35.3 Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35.4 Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35.6 Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35.7 Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35.8 Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35.9 Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35A Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35.10 Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35.11 Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35B Extended Description (Chapter 35)
Figure 35.14 Extended Description (Chapter 35)
A Map of Central and South America Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.1 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.2 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.4 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.5 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.6 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.7 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.8 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.9 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36A Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.10 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.11 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.12 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.13 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.14 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.16 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.17 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.18 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36C Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.21 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.22 Extended Description (Chapter 36)
Figure 37.1 Extended Description (Chapter 37)
Figure 37.2 Extended Description (Chapter 37)
Figure 37.3 Extended Description (Chapter 37)
Figure 37.5 Extended Description (Chapter 37)
Figure 37.9 Extended Description (Chapter 37)
Figure 37.10 Extended Description (Chapter 37)
Figure 37.12 Extended Description (Chapter 37)
Figure 37.15 Extended Description (Chapter 37)
Periodic Table Extended Description (Appendix A)
A Table Summarizing the Metric System Extended Description (Appendix A)