Inorganic Chemistry

Höfundur: Catherine Housecroft (Útgáfa: 6)
Inorganic Chemistry

Kaup valmöguleikar

Build a strong foundation in physical-inorganic chemistry with this internationally renowned text. Inorganic Chemistry, 6th edition, Global edition, by Catherine E Housecroft and Alan G Sharpe, is a widely respected introduction to the physical-inorganic principles of chemistry. With new research, this edition introduces you to the descriptive chemistry of the elements and the role played by inorganic chemistry in our everyday lives.

Its carefully developed pedagogical approach helps you engage with topics using striking visuals to consolidate your understanding. The text covers topics such as molecular symmetry and bonding in polyatomic molecules, teaching you to apply your learnt knowledge to the real world. This updated edition includes: A new chapter (Chapter 30) dedicated to the naming of inorganic compounds according to IUPAC guidelines, A new online chapter (Chapter 31) devoted to uncovering the origins of inorganic chemistry, New 3-dimensional structures linked to data in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), A new glossary containing definitions, the origins of the names of elements and minerals, and details about chemists and physicists mentioned in the text, Chemistry has been linked to the United Nations' Sustainability Development Goals where possible, Thoroughly updated content in terms of chemical developments and statistical data, and Multiple-choice questions at the end of each chapter, with interactive answer feedback in the eTextbook.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Pearson International Content
ISBN
9781292742700
Print ISBN
9781292474755
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
6
Höfundar
Catherine Housecroft
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2026-01-07
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Cover
  • Front matter
  • Periodic Table
  • Table of Elements
  • Table of Physical Constants
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • Guided tour
  • Preface
  • About the Author
  • Credits
  • Chapter 1: Basic Concepts: Atoms
  • 1.1: Introduction
  • 1.2: Fundamental particles of an atom
  • 1.3: Atomic number, mass number and isotopes
  • 1.4: Successes in early quantum theory
  • 1.5: An introduction to wave mechanics
  • 1.6: Atomic orbitals
  • 1.7: Many-electron atoms
  • 1.8: The periodic table
  • 1.9: The aufbau principle
  • 1.10: Ionization energies and electron affinities
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 2: Basic Concepts: Molecules
  • 2.1: Bonding models: An introduction
  • 2.2: Homonuclear diatomic molecules: Valence bond (VB) theory
  • 2.3: Homonuclear diatomic molecules: Molecular orbital (MO) theory
  • 2.4: The octet rule and isoelectronic species
  • 2.5: Electronegativity values
  • 2.6: Dipole moments
  • 2.7: MO theory: Heteronuclear diatomic molecules
  • 2.8: Molecular shape and the VSEPR model
  • 2.9: Molecular shape: Stereoisomerism
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 3: Introduction to Molecular Symmetry
  • 3.1: Introduction
  • 3.2: Symmetry operations and symmetry elements
  • 3.3: Successive operations
  • 3.4: Point groups
  • 3.5: Character tables: An introduction
  • 3.6: Why do we need to recognize symmetry elements?
  • 3.7: Vibrational spectroscopy
  • 3.8: Chiral molecules
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Interactive problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 4: Experimental techniques
  • 4.1: Introduction
  • 4.2: Separation and purification techniques
  • 4.3: Elemental analysis
  • 4.4: Compositional analysis: Thermogravimetry (TG)
  • 4.5: Mass spectrometry
  • 4.6: Infrared and Raman spectroscopies
  • 4.7: Electronic spectroscopy
  • 4.8: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
  • 4.9: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy
  • 4.10: Mössbauer spectroscopy
  • 4.11: Structure determination: Diffraction methods
  • 4.12: Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES, UPS, XPS, ESCA)
  • 4.13: Computational methods
  • Key terms
  • Important acronyms: What do they stand for?
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 5: Bonding in Polyatomic Molecules
  • 5.1: Introduction
  • 5.2: Valence bond theory: Hybridization of atomic orbitals
  • 5.3: Valence bond theory: Multiple bonding in polyatomic molecules
  • 5.4: Natural bond orbitals
  • 5.5: Molecular orbital theory: The ligand group orbital approach and application to triatomic molecules
  • 5.6: Molecular orbital theory applied to the polyatomic molecules BH3, NH3 and CH4
  • 5.7: Molecular orbital theory: Bonding analyses soon become complicated
  • 5.8: Molecular orbital theory: Learning to use the theory objectively
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 6: Structures and Energetics of Metallic and Ionic Solids
  • 6.1: Introduction
  • 6.2: Packing of spheres
  • 6.3: The packing-of-spheres model applied to the structures of elements
  • 6.4: Polymorphism in metals
  • 6.5: Metallic radii
  • 6.6: Melting points and standard enthalpies of atomization of metals
  • 6.7: Alloys and intermetallic compounds
  • 6.8: Bonding in metals and semiconductors
  • 6.9: Semiconductors
  • 6.10: Sizes of ions
  • 6.11: Ionic lattices
  • 6.12: Crystal structures of semiconductors
  • 6.13: Lattice energy: Estimates from an electrostatic model
  • 6.14: Lattice energy: The Born-Haber cycle
  • 6.15: Lattice energy: ‘Calculated’ versus ‘experimental’ values
  • 6.16: Estimating lattice energies of new materials
  • 6.17: Applications of lattice energies
  • 6.18: Defects in solid state lattices
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 7: Acids, bases and ions in aqueous solution
  • 7.1: Introduction
  • 7.2: Properties of water
  • 7.3: Definitions and units in aqueous solution
  • 7.4: Some Brønsted acids and bases
  • 7.5: The energetics of acid dissociation in aqueous solution
  • 7.6: Trends within a series of oxoacids EOn(OH)m
  • 7.7: Aquated cations: Formation and acidic properties
  • 7.8: Amphoteric oxides and hydroxides
  • 7.9: Solubilities of ionic salts
  • 7.10: Common-ion effect
  • 7.11: Coordination complexes: An introduction
  • 7.12: Stability constants of coordination complexes
  • 7.13: Factors affecting the stabilities of complexes containing only monodentate ligands
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 8: Reduction and Oxidation
  • 8.1: Introduction
  • 8.2: Standard reduction potentials, E∘, and relationships between E∘, ΔG∘ and K
  • 8.3 : The effect of complex formation or precipitation on Mz+/M reduction potentials
  • 8.4: Disproportionation reactions
  • 8.5: Potential diagrams
  • 8.6: Frost–Ebsworth diagrams
  • 8.7: The relationships between standard reduction potentials and some other quantities
  • 8.8: Applications of redox reactions to the extraction of elements from their ores
  • Key terms
  • Important thermodynamic equations
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 9: Non-aqueous media
  • 9.1: Introduction
  • 9.2: Relative permittivity
  • 9.3: Energetics of ionic salt transfer from water to an organic solvent
  • 9.4: Acid–base behaviour in non-aqueous solvents
  • 9.5: Liquid sulfur dioxide
  • 9.6: Liquid ammonia
  • 9.7: Liquid hydrogen fluoride
  • 9.8: Sulfuric acid and fluorosulfonic acid
  • 9.9: Superacids
  • 9.10: Bromine trifluoride
  • 9.11: Dinitrogen tetraoxide
  • 9.12: Molten salts, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents
  • 9.13: Supercritical fluids
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 10: Hydrogen
  • 10.1: Hydrogen: The simplest atom
  • 10.2: The H+ and H− ions
  • 10.3: Isotopes of hydrogen
  • 10.4: Dihydrogen
  • 10.5: Polar and non-polar E-H bonds
  • 10.6: Hydrogen bonding
  • 10.7: Binary hydrides: Classification and general properties
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 11: Group 1: The alkali metals
  • 11.1: Introduction
  • 11.2: Natural resources, isolation of raw materials and uses
  • 11.3: Physical properties
  • 11.4: The metals
  • 11.5: Halides
  • 11.6: Oxides and hydroxides
  • 11.7: Salts of oxoacids: Carbonates and hydrogencarbonates
  • 11.8: Aqueous solution chemistry and macrocyclic complexes
  • 11.9: Non-aqueous coordination chemistry
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 12: The group 2 metals
  • 12.1: Introduction
  • 12.2: Natural resources, isolation of raw materials and uses
  • 12.3: Physical properties
  • 12.4: The metals
  • 12.5: Halides
  • 12.6: Oxides and hydroxides
  • 12.7: Salts of oxoacids
  • 12.8: Complex ions in aqueous solution
  • 12.9: Complexes with amido or alkoxy ligands
  • 12.10: Coordination chemistry of Ra
  • 12.11: Diagonal relationships between Li and Mg, and between Be and Al
  • Key Terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic Chemistry Matters
  • Chapter 13: The group 13 elements
  • 13.1: Introduction
  • 13.2: Natural resources, isolation of raw materials and uses
  • 13.3: Physical properties
  • 13.4: The elements
  • 13.5: Simple hydrides
  • 13.6: Halides and complex halides
  • 13.7: Oxides, oxoacids, oxoanions and hydroxides
  • 13.8: Compounds containing nitrogen
  • 13.9: Aluminium to thallium: Salts of oxoacids, aqueous solution chemistry and complexes
  • 13.10: Metal borides
  • 13.11: Electron-deficient borane and carbaborane clusters: An introduction
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 14: The group 14 elements
  • 14.1: Introduction
  • 14.2: Natural resources, isolation of raw materials and uses
  • 14.3: Physical properties
  • 14.4: Allotropes of carbon
  • 14.5: Structural and chemical properties of silicon, germanium, tin and lead
  • 14.6: Hydrides
  • 14.7: Salts containing [Cn]x– ions
  • 14.8: Carbides
  • 14.9: Silicides
  • 14.10: Zintl ions containing Si, Ge, Sn and Pb
  • 14.11: Halides and complex halides
  • 14.12: Oxides, oxoacids and hydroxides
  • 14.13: Siloxanes and polysiloxanes (silicones)
  • 14.14: Sulfides
  • 14.15: Cyanogen, silicon nitride and tin nitride
  • 14.16: Aqueous solution chemistry and salts of oxoacids of germanium, tin and lead
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 15: The group 15 elements
  • 15.1: Introduction
  • 15.2 Natural resources, isolation of raw materials and uses
  • 15.3: Physical properties
  • 15.4: The elements
  • 15.5: Hydrides
  • 15.6: Nitrides, phosphides, arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides
  • 15.7: Halides, oxohalides and complex halides
  • 15.8: Oxides of nitrogen
  • 15.9: Oxoacids of nitrogen
  • 15.10: Oxides of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth
  • 15.11: Oxoacids of phosphorus
  • 15.12: Oxoacids of arsenic, antimony and bismuth
  • 15.13: Phosphazenes
  • 15.14: Sulfides and selenides
  • 15.15: Aqueous solution chemistry and complexes
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 16: The group 16 elements
  • 16.1: Introduction
  • 16.2: Natural resources, isolation of raw materials and uses
  • 16.3: Physical properties and bonding considerations
  • 16.4: The elements
  • 16.5: Hydrides
  • 16.6: Metal sulfides, polysulfides, polyselenides and polytellurides
  • 16.7: Halides, oxohalides and complex halides
  • 16.8: Oxides
  • 16.9: Oxoacids and their salts
  • 16.10: Compounds of sulfur and selenium with nitrogen
  • 16.11: Aqueous solution chemistry of sulfur, selenium and tellurium
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 17: The group 17 elements
  • 17.1: Introduction
  • 17.2 Natural resources, isolation of raw materials and uses
  • 17.3: Physical properties and bonding considerations
  • 17.4: The elements
  • 17.5: Hydrogen halides
  • 17.6: Metal halides: Structures and energetics
  • 17.7: Interhalogen compounds and polyhalogen ions
  • 17.8: Oxides and oxofluorides of chlorine, bromine and iodine
  • 17.9: Oxoacids and their salts
  • 17.10: Aqueous solution chemistry
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 18: The group 18 elements
  • 18.1: Introduction
  • 18.2: Natural resources, isolation of raw materials and uses
  • 18.3: Physical properties
  • 18.4: Compounds of xenon
  • 18.5: Compounds of argon, krypton and radon
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 19: d-Block metal chemistry: general considerations
  • 19.1: Introduction
  • 19.2: Ground state electronic configurations
  • 19.3: Physical properties
  • 19.4: The reactivity of the metals
  • 19.5: Characteristic properties: a general perspective
  • 19.6: Electroneutrality principle
  • 19.7: Coordination numbers and geometries
  • 19.8: Isomerism in d-block metal complexes
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 20: d-Block metal chemistry: coordination complexes
  • 20.1: Introduction
  • 20.2: Bonding in d-block metal complexes: valence bond theory
  • 20.3: Crystal field theory
  • 20.4: Molecular orbital theory: octahedral complexes
  • 20.5: Ligand field theory
  • 20.6: Describing electrons in multi-electron systems
  • 20.7: Electronic spectra: absorption
  • 20.8: Electronic spectra: emission
  • 20.9: Evidence for metal-ligand covalent bonding
  • 20.10: Magnetic properties
  • 20.11: Thermodynamic aspects: ligand field stabilization energies (LFSE)
  • 20.12: Thermodynamic aspects: competing factors affecting stability
  • 20.13: Thermodynamic aspects: oxidation states in aqueous solution
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 21: d-Block metal chemistry: the first row metals
  • 21.1: Introduction
  • 21.2: Natural resources, isolation of raw materials and uses
  • 21.3: Physical properties: an overview
  • 21.4: Group 3: scandium
  • 21.5: Group 4: titanium
  • 21.6: Group 5: vanadium
  • 21.7: Group 6: chromium
  • 21.8: Group 7: manganese
  • 21.9: Group 8: iron
  • 21.10: Group 9: cobalt
  • 21.11: Group 10: nickel
  • 21.12: Group 11: copper
  • 21.13: Group 12: zinc
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 22: d-Block metal chemistry: the heavier metals
  • 22.1: Introduction
  • 22.2: Natural resources, isolation of raw materials and uses
  • 22.3: Physical properties
  • 22.4: Group 3: yttrium
  • 22.5: Group 4: zirconium and hafnium
  • 22.6: Group 5: niobium and tantalum
  • 22.7: Group 6: molybdenum and tungsten
  • 22.8: Group 7: technetium and rhenium
  • 22.9: Group 8: ruthenium and osmium
  • 22.10: Group 9: rhodium and iridium
  • 22.11: Group 10: palladium and platinum
  • 22.12: Group 11: silver and gold
  • 22.13: Group 12: cadmium and mercury
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 23: Organometallic compounds of s - and p-block elements
  • 23.1: Introduction
  • 23.2: Group 1: alkali metal organometallics
  • 23.3: Group 2 organometallics
  • 23.4: Group 13
  • 23.5: Group 14
  • 23.6: Group 15
  • 23.7: Group 16
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 24: Organometallic compounds of d-block elements
  • 24.1: Introduction
  • 24.2: Common types of ligand: bonding and spectroscopy
  • 24.3: The 18-electron rule
  • 24.4: Covalent bond classification (CBC)
  • 24.5: Metal carbonyls: synthesis, physical properties and structure
  • 24.6: The isolobal principle and application of Wade’s rules
  • 24.7: Total valence electron counts in d-block organometallic clusters
  • 24.8: Types of organometallic reactions
  • 24.9: Metal carbonyls: selected reactions
  • 24.10: Metal carbonyl hydrides and halides
  • 24.11: Alkyl, aryl, alkene and alkyne complexes
  • 24.12: Allyl and buta-1,3-diene complexes
  • 24.13: Carbene and carbyne complexes
  • 24.14: Complexes containing η5-cyclopentadienyl ligands
  • 24.15: Complexes containing η6 - and η7-ligands
  • 24.16: Complexes containing the η4-cyclobutadiene ligand
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 25: Catalysis and some industrial processes
  • 25.1: Introduction and definitions
  • 25.2: Catalysis: introductory concepts
  • 25.3: Homogeneous catalysis: alkene (olefin) and alkyne metathesis
  • 25.4: Homogeneous catalytic reduction of N2 to NH3
  • 25.5: Homogeneous catalysis: industrial applications
  • 25.6: Catalyst development: improving separation and recycling of catalysts
  • 25.7: Heterogeneous catalysis: surfaces and interactions with adsorbates
  • 25.8 Heterogeneous catalysis: commercial applications
  • 25.9: Heterogeneous catalysis: organometallic cluster models
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic Chemistry Matters
  • Chapter 26: d-Block metal complexes: reaction mechanisms
  • 26.1: Introduction
  • 26.2: Ligand substitutions: some general points
  • 26.3: Substitution in square planar complexes
  • 26.4: Substitution and racemization in octahedral complexes
  • 26.5: Electron-transfer processes
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 27: The f-block metals: lanthanoids and actinoids
  • 27.1: Introduction
  • 27.2: f-Orbitals and oxidation states
  • 27.3: Atom and ion sizes
  • 27.4: Spectroscopic and magnetic properties
  • 27.5: Sources of the lanthanoids and actinoids
  • 27.6: Lanthanoid metals
  • 27.7: Inorganic compounds and coordination complexes of the lanthanoids
  • 27.8: Organometallic complexes of the lanthanoids
  • 27.9: The actinoid metals
  • 27.10: Inorganic compounds and coordination complexes of thorium, uranium and plutonium
  • 27.11: Organometallic complexes of thorium, uranium and neptunium
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic Chemistry Matters
  • Chapter 28: Inorganic materials and nanotechnology
  • 28.1: Introduction
  • 28.2: Electrical conductivity in ionic solids
  • 28.3: Transparent conducting oxides and their applications in devices
  • 28.4: Superconductivity
  • 28.5: Ceramic materials: colour pigments
  • 28.6: Chemical vapour deposition (CVD)
  • 28.7: Inorganic fibres
  • 28.8: 2-Dimensional exfoliated materials: Graphene
  • 28.9: Carbon nanotubes
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic Chemistry Matters
  • Chapter 29: The trace metals of life
  • 29.1: Introduction
  • 29.2: Metal storage and transport: Fe, Cu, Zn and V
  • 29.3: Dealing with O2
  • 29.4: Biological redox processes
  • 29.5: The Zn2+ ion: Nature’s Lewis acid
  • Key terms
  • Further reading
  • Problems
  • Problems: Overview problems
  • Problems: Inorganic chemistry matters
  • Chapter 30: Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
  • 30.1: Introduction
  • 30.2: Before Lavoisier
  • 30.3: Nomenclature reform and the Chemical Revolution
  • 30.4: The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and nomenclature
  • 30.5: Some basics of the grammar of nomenclature
  • 30.6: More about formulae
  • 30.7: Compositional names
  • 30.8: Substitutive names
  • 30.9: Introduction to additive names
  • 30.10: The naming of inorganic acids and anions
  • 30.11 The naming of coordination compounds
  • 30.12: The naming of organometallic compounds
  • 30.13: Final remarks
  • Chapter 31: A Brief History of Inorganic Chemistry
  • 31.1: Introduction
  • 31.2: Pre- and early-history
  • 31.3: From pre-history to the Age of Enlightenment
  • 31.4: The chemical revolution (18th and 19th centuries CE)
  • 31.5: The time of the element hunters (18th and 19th centuries CE)
  • 31.6: New times, new ideas, new models (18th and 19th centuries CE)
  • 31.7: A thing of beauty (19th century CE)
  • 31.8: Werner and the coordination hypothesis – a new valence
  • 31.9: Understanding atoms and bonds (19th and 20th centuries CE)
  • 31.10: The new element hunters (20th century CE)
  • 31.11: Biology reunites with chemistry (20th and 21st centuries CE)
  • 31.12 Final comments
  • Further reading
  • Appendices
  • 1 Greek letters with pronunciations
  • 2 Abbreviations and symbols for quantities and units
  • 3 Selected character tables
  • 4 The electromagnetic spectrum
  • 5 Naturally occurring isotopes and their abundances
  • 6 Van der Waals, metallic, covalent and ionic radii
  • 7 Pauling electronegativity values (χP) for selected elements of the periodic table
  • 8 Ground state electronic configurations of the elements and ionization energies
  • 9 Electron affinities
  • 10 Standard enthalpies of atomization (ΔaH∘) of the elements at 298 K
  • 11 Selected standard reduction potentials (298 K)
  • 12 Selected bond enthalpy terms
  • Answers to non-descriptive problems
  • Answers to non-descriptive problems
  • Static Glossary
  • Static Glossary
  • Glossary