Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology

Höfundur: James Peoples (Útgáfa: 11)
Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology

Kaup valmöguleikar

Með áhugaverðum frásögnum og skýru máli veitir ellefta útgáfa HUMANITY: AN INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY inngang að menningarmannfræði á traustum grunni þar sem hnattvæðing og menningarbreytingar eru í forgrunni. Peoples og Bailey beina sjónum að félagslegum og menningarlegum afleiðingum hnattvæðingar, með áherslu á menningarbreytingar og alþjóðleg viðfangsefni. Lifandi frásagnarháttur bókarinnar varpar nýju ljósi á margar þeirra áskorana sem heimurinn stendur frammi fyrir á þessari öld.

Fjallað er um samtímamál á borð við nýlegar umræður um hjónabönd samkynhneigðra, menningarlega og efnahagslega hnattvæðingu, fólksfjölgun, hungur og afkomu menningar frumbyggja. Þannig öðlast lesandinn betri skilning á menningarlegri þekkingu sem er nauðsynleg til að fóta sig í alþjóðlegu hagkerfi nútímans. Höfundarnir leggja áherslu á fjölbreytileika mannkyns og sýna hvers vegna skilningur og umburðarlyndi gagnvart menningarmun skiptir sköpum í nútímasamfélagi.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Cengage Learning US
ISBN
9781337515801
Print ISBN
9781337668866
Format
Page Fidelity (PDF)
Útgáfa
11
Höfundar
James Peoples
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2017-02-07
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Title Page
  • Copyright
  • Brief Contents
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • About The Authors
  • Chapter 1: The Study of Humanity
  • Subfields of Anthropology
  • Biological/Physical Anthropology
  • Archaeology
  • Cultural Anthropology
  • Anthropological Linguistics
  • Applications of Anthropology
  • Applied Anthropology
  • Careers in Anthropology
  • Cultural Anthropology Today
  • Anthropological Perspectives on Cultures
  • Holistic Perspective
  • Comparative Perspective
  • Relativistic Perspective
  • Some Lessons of Anthropology
  • Concept Review: Primary Interests of the Four Subfields of Anthropology
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: The Process of Globalization
  • summary
  • Part I: Humanity, Culture, and Language
  • Chapter 2: Culture
  • Introducing Culture
  • Defining Culture
  • Shared
  • Socially Learned
  • Knowledge
  • Patterns of Behavior
  • Cultural Knowledge
  • Norms
  • Values
  • Symbols
  • Classifications and Constructions of Reality
  • Worldviews
  • Origins of Culture
  • Culture and Human Life
  • Cultural Knowledge and Individual Behavior
  • Is Behavior Culturally Determined?
  • Why Does Behavior Vary?
  • Biology and Cultural Differences
  • Cultural Universals
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: Is Everyone Becoming a Westerner?
  • Concept Review: Components of Cultural Knowledge
  • summary
  • Chapter 3: Culture and Language
  • Language and Humanity
  • The Power of Language
  • Discreteness
  • Productivity
  • Arbitrariness
  • Displacement
  • Multimedia Potential
  • How Language Works
  • Sound Systems
  • Words and Meanings
  • Germanics, Romantics, and Native English
  • Communication and Social Behavior
  • Nonverbal Communication
  • Speech and Social Context
  • The Language of Power
  • Language and Culture
  • Language as a Reflection of Culture
  • Language, Perceptions, and Worldview
  • Concept Review: Five Properties of Language
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: Globalization and Language
  • summary
  • Chapter 4: Cultural Diversity and Globalization
  • Globalization
  • Cultural Change and Diversity
  • The World BeforeGlobalization
  • Early European Expansion
  • The Americas
  • Africa
  • Asia
  • Early Consequences of Cultural Contact
  • The Industrial Revolution
  • Europe and the Americas
  • Asia
  • Africa
  • Oceania
  • Cultural Consequences of European Expansion
  • The Global Economy
  • Concept Review: Sources of Cultural Change
  • Global Challenge and Opportunities: The New African Peoples of the Americas
  • summary
  • Part II: Theories and Methods of Cultural Anthropology
  • Chapter 5: The Development of Anthropological Thought
  • The Emergence of Anthropology
  • Nineteenth-Century Unilineal Evolutionism
  • A Science of Culture?
  • Anthropological Thought in the Early Twentieth Century
  • Historical Particularism in the United States (1900–1940s)
  • British Functionalism (1920s–1960s)
  • The Fieldwork Tradition
  • Mid–Twentieth Century: Rebirth of Evolutionism
  • Anthropological Thought Today
  • Scientific Approaches
  • Humanistic Approaches
  • Either, Or, or Both?
  • Why Can’t All Those Anthropologists Agree?
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: Global Anthropology
  • Concept Review: Main Contrasts Between Scientific and Humanistic Approaches
  • summary
  • Chapter 6: Methods of Investigation
  • Ethnographic Methods
  • Ethnographic Fieldwork
  • Problems and Issues in Field Research
  • Fieldwork as a Rite of Passage
  • Ethnohistory
  • Comparative Methods
  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons
  • Controlled Comparisons
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: The Changing Relationship Between Anthropologists and Indigenou
  • Concept Review: Methods of Investigation
  • summ ary
  • Part III: The Diversity of Culture
  • Chapter 7: Culture and Nature: Interacting with the Environment
  • Understanding Interactions with Nature
  • Hunting and Gathering
  • Foraging and Culture
  • What Happened to Hunters and Gatherers?
  • Domestication of Plants and Animals
  • Origins of Domestication: Wheres and Whens
  • Advantages and Costs of Cultivation
  • Horticulture
  • Varieties of Horticulture
  • Cultural Consequences of Horticulture
  • Intensive Agriculture
  • Varieties of Intensive Agriculture
  • Cultural Consequences of Intensive Agriculture
  • Pastoralism
  • Nature and Culture in Preindustrial Times
  • Industrialism
  • Energy and Society
  • Consequences of Industrialism
  • Globalization of Industrialism
  • Globalization and the Environment
  • Concept Review: Major Forms of Preindustrial Adaptations and Their Cultural Consequences
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: Who Should Pay to Reduce Global Warming?
  • summary
  • Chapter 8: Exchange in Economic Systems
  • Economic Systems
  • Reciprocity
  • Generalized Reciprocity
  • Balanced Reciprocity
  • Negative Reciprocity
  • Reciprocity and Social Distance
  • Redistribution
  • Market
  • Money
  • Market Exchange
  • Market Economies and Capitalism
  • Productivity
  • Globalization and Markets
  • Concept Review: Three Forms of Exchange in Economic Systems
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: Globalization of Indigenous Products
  • summary
  • Chapter 9: Marriages and Families
  • Some Definitions
  • Incest Taboos
  • Marriage
  • Defining Marriage
  • Functions of Marriage
  • Two Unusual Forms
  • Variations in Marriage Beliefs and Practices
  • Marriage Rules
  • How Many Spouses?
  • Polygyny
  • Polyandry
  • Marriage Alliances
  • Marital Exchanges
  • Bridewealth
  • Brideservice
  • Dowry
  • Same-Sex Marriageand the Culture Wars
  • Postmarital Residence Patterns
  • Influences on Residence Patterns
  • Residence and Households
  • Kinship Diagrams
  • Family and Household Forms
  • Matrifocal Households
  • Extended Households
  • Concept Review: Terms for Kinship Groups
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: Marriage and Family in Global Society: The Case of Japan
  • summary
  • Chapter 10: Kinship and Descent
  • Introducing Kinship
  • Why Study Kinship?
  • Cultural Variations in Kinship
  • Unilineal Descent
  • Unilineal Descent Groups
  • Descent Groups in Action
  • Nonunilineal Descent
  • Bilateral Kinship
  • Cognatic Descent
  • Influences on Kinship Systems
  • Cultural Construction of Kinship
  • Logic of Cultural Constructions
  • Who’s an Aunt? Varieties of Kinship Terminology
  • Why Do Terminologies Differ?
  • Where’s Our Backbone?
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: The Changing Relationship Between Anthropologists and Indigenou
  • Concept Review: Forms of Descent and Kinship
  • summary
  • Chapter 11: Gender in Comparative Perspective
  • Sex and Gender
  • Cultural Construction of Gender
  • The Hua of Papua New Guinea
  • North American Constructions
  • Multiple Gender Identities
  • Native American Two Spirits
  • Hijra of Hindu India
  • Changes in Gender Identity Attitudes and Language
  • The Gendered Division of Labor
  • Understanding Major Patterns
  • Understanding Variability
  • Gender Stratification
  • Is Gender Stratification Universal?
  • Influences on Gender Stratification
  • Gender Stratification in Modern Societies
  • Concept Review: Female and Male Differences Affecting Division of Labor
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: Bridal Photos in Taiwan: Globalization and Localization
  • summary
  • Chapter 12: The Organization of Political Life
  • Forms of Political Organization
  • Bands
  • Tribes
  • Chiefdoms
  • States
  • Inca Empire
  • Social Control and Law
  • Social Control
  • Law
  • Legal Systems
  • Self-Help Systems
  • Court Systems
  • Concept Review: Political Organizations
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: Multinational Corporations Versus National Governments
  • Concept Review: Legal Systems
  • summary
  • Chapter 13: Social Inequality and Stratification
  • Equalities and Inequalities
  • Three Systems
  • Egalitarian Societies
  • Ranked Societies
  • Stratified Societies
  • Castes in Traditional India
  • Class in the United States
  • Maintaining Inequality
  • Ideologies
  • American Secular Ideologies
  • Theories of Inequality
  • Functionalist Theory
  • Conflict Theory
  • Who Benefits?
  • Concept Review: Systems of Equality and Inequality
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: Globalization and Inequality in China
  • summar
  • Chapter 14: Religion and Worldview
  • Defining Religion
  • Beliefs About Supernatural Powers
  • Myths and Worldviews
  • Rituals and Symbols
  • Theories of Religion
  • Intellectual or Cognitive Approaches
  • Psychological Approaches
  • Sociological Approaches
  • Will Religion Disappear?
  • Supernatural Explanations of Misfortune
  • Sorcery
  • Witchcraft
  • Interpretations of Sorcery and Witchcraft
  • Varieties of Religious Organization
  • Individualistic Organizations
  • Shamanistic Organizations
  • Communal Organizations
  • Ecclesiastical Organizations
  • Revitalization Movements
  • Melanesian Cargo Cults
  • Native American Movements
  • Fate of Revitalization Movements
  • Concept Review: Varieties of Religious Organization
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: Religious Diversity in the United States
  • summary
  • Chapter 15: Art and the Aesthetic
  • The Pervasiveness of Art
  • Forms of Artistic Expression
  • Body Arts
  • Visual Arts
  • Performance Arts
  • Art and Culture
  • Secular and Religious Art
  • Art and Gender
  • Social Functions of Art
  • Concept Review: Forms of Artistic Expression
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: The Market Economy and Traditional Visual Arts
  • summary
  • Part IV: Anthropology in the Global Community
  • Chapter 16: Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict
  • Ethnic Groups
  • Situational Nature of Ethnic Identity
  • Attributes of Ethnic Groups
  • Fluidity of Ethnic Groups
  • Types of Ethnic Groups
  • Civilizations
  • The Problem of Stateless Nationalities
  • Conflict in Northern Ireland and in Israel and Palestine
  • Conflict Between Ethnic Nationalities and Political Boundaries
  • Responses to Ethnic Conflict
  • Homogenization
  • Segregation
  • Accommodation
  • Results
  • Consequences of Globalization
  • Concept Review: Levels of Ethnic Identity
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: The Global Economy, Migration, and Transnational Communities
  • Concept Review: Responses to Ethnic Differences
  • summary
  • Chapter 17: World Problems and the Practice of Anthropology
  • Applied Anthropology
  • Health and Health Care
  • Medical Anthropology
  • Scientific Medicine and Traditional Healing
  • Population Growth
  • Anthropological Perspectives on Population Growth
  • Costs and Benefits of Children in LDCs
  • World Hunger
  • Scarcity or Inequality?
  • Is Technology Transfer the Answer?
  • Agricultural Alternatives
  • Anthropologists as Advocates
  • Indigenous Peoples Today
  • Vanishing Knowledge
  • Medicines We Have Learned
  • Adaptive Wisdom
  • Cultural Alternatives
  • Global Challenges and Opportunities: The Question of Development
  • summary
  • Glossary
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
  • People and Cultures Index
  • Subject Index