Human Development: A Life-Span View

Höfundar: Robert V. Kail; John C. Cavanaugh (Útgáfa: 9)
Human Development: A Life-Span View

Kaup valmöguleikar

Gain a strong understanding of the issues, forces and outcomes that shape individuals into the people they become as you study the captivating content in Kail/Cavanaugh's HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: A LIFE-SPAN VIEW, 9E. This comprehensive, yet succinct, narrative offers a rich description of all life-span stages, tracing development from conception through late life. The authors use real-life examples to help you understand the relevance of the latest research as well as controversial topics and emergent trends.

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Útgefandi
Cengage Learning US
ISBN
9798214345451
Print ISBN
9780357657959
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
9
Höfundar
Robert V. Kail; John C. Cavanaugh
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2022-03-24
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100

Kaflar

  • Cover Page
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • About the Authors
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • To the Student
  • Chapter 1. The Study of Human Development
  • 1.1. Thinking About Development
  • Recurring Issues in Human Development
  • Basic Forces in Human Development: The Biopsychosocial Framework
  • Neuroscience: A Window into Human Development
  • 1.2. Developmental Theories
  • Psychodynamic Theory
  • Learning Theory
  • Cognitive-Developmental Theory
  • The Ecological and Systems Approach
  • Life-Span Perspective, Selective Optimization with Compensation, and Life-Course Perspective
  • The Big Picture
  • 1.3. Doing Developmental Research
  • Measurement in Human Development Research
  • General Designs for Research
  • Designs for Studying Development
  • Tools for Doing and Archiving Developmental Research
  • Integrating Findings from Different Studies
  • Conducting Research Ethically
  • Communicating Research Results
  • Applying Research Results: Social Policy
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 2. Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth
  • 2.1. In the Beginning: 23 Pairs of Chromosomes
  • Mechanisms of Heredity
  • Genetic Disorders
  • Heredity, Environment, and Development
  • 2.2. From Conception to Birth
  • Period of the Zygote (Weeks 1–2)
  • Period of the Embryo (Weeks 3–8)
  • Period of the Fetus (Weeks 9–38)
  • 2.3. Influences on Prenatal Development
  • General Risk Factors
  • Teratogens: Drugs, Diseases, and Environmental Hazards
  • How Teratogens Influence Prenatal Development
  • Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment
  • 2.4. Labor and Delivery
  • Stages of Labor
  • Approaches to Childbirth
  • Adjusting to Parenthood
  • Birth Complications
  • Infant Mortality
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 3. Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development
  • 3.1. The Newborn
  • The Newborn’s Reflexes
  • Assessing the Newborn
  • The Newborn’s States
  • Temperament
  • 3.2. Physical Development
  • Growth of the Body
  • The Emerging Nervous System
  • 3.3. Moving and Grasping: Early Motor Skills
  • Locomotion
  • Fine Motor Skills
  • 3.4. Coming to Know the World: Perception
  • Smell, Taste, and Touch
  • Hearing
  • Seeing
  • Integrating Sensory Information
  • 3.5. Becoming Self-Aware
  • Origins of Self-Concept
  • Theory of Mind
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 4. The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
  • 4.1. The Onset of Thinking: Piaget’s Account
  • Basic Principles of Cognitive Development
  • Sensorimotor Thinking
  • Preoperational Thinking
  • Evaluating Piaget’s Theory
  • Extending Piaget’s Account: Children’s Naïve Theories
  • 4.2. Information Processing During Infancy and Early Childhood
  • General Principles of Information Processing
  • Attention
  • Learning
  • Memory
  • Learning Number Skills
  • 4.3. Mind and Culture: Vygotsky’s Theory
  • The Zone of Proximal Development
  • Scaffolding
  • Private Speech
  • 4.4. Language
  • The Road to Speech
  • First Words and Many More
  • Speaking in Sentences: Grammatical Development
  • Communicating with Others
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 5. Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
  • 5.1. Beginnings: Trust and Attachment
  • Erikson’s Stages of Early Psychosocial Development
  • The Growth of Attachment
  • What Determines Quality of Attachment?
  • 5.2. Emerging Emotions
  • The Function of Emotions
  • Experiencing and Expressing Emotions
  • Recognizing and Using Others’ Emotions
  • Regulating Emotions
  • 5.3. Interacting with Others
  • The Joys of Play
  • Helping Others
  • 5.4. Gender Roles and Gender Identity
  • Images of Men and Women: Facts and Fantasy
  • Gender Typing
  • Evolving Gender Roles
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 6. Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood
  • 6.1. Cognitive Development
  • More Sophisticated Thinking: Piaget’s Version
  • Information-Processing Strategies for Learning and Remembering
  • 6.2. Aptitudes for School
  • Theories of Intelligence
  • Binet and the Development of Intelligence Testing
  • Do Tests Work?
  • Hereditary and Environmental Factors
  • The Impact of Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status
  • 6.3. Individual Differences in Ability
  • Gifted Children
  • Children with Disability
  • Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • 6.4. Academic Skills
  • Reading
  • Writing
  • Math Skills
  • Effective Schools, Effective Teachers
  • 6.5. Physical Development
  • Growth
  • Development of Motor Skills
  • Physical Fitness
  • Participating in Sports
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 7. Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
  • 7.1. Family Relationships
  • The Family as a System
  • Dimensions and Styles of Parenting
  • Siblings
  • Divorce and Remarriage
  • Parent–Child Relationships Gone Awry: Child Maltreatment
  • 7.2. Peers
  • Friendships
  • Who Are Friends?
  • Groups
  • Popularity and Rejection
  • Aggressive Children and Their Victims
  • 7.3. Electronic Media
  • Television and Videos
  • Video Games
  • Social Media
  • 7.4. Understanding Others
  • Describing Others
  • Understanding What Others Think
  • Understanding Social Groups
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 8. Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
  • 8.1. Pubertal Changes
  • Signs of Physical Maturation
  • Mechanisms of Maturation
  • Psychological Impact of Puberty
  • 8.2. Health
  • Nutrition
  • Physical Fitness
  • Threats to Adolescent Well-Being
  • 8.3. Information Processing During Adolescence
  • Working Memory and Processing Speed
  • Content Knowledge, Strategies, and Metacognitive Skill
  • Problem-Solving and Reasoning
  • 8.4. Reasoning About Moral Issues
  • Kohlberg’S Theory
  • Evaluating Kohlberg’S Theory
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 9. Moving into the Adult Social World: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
  • 9.1. Identity and Self-Esteem
  • The Search for Identity
  • Ethnic Identity
  • Self-Esteem in Adolescence
  • The Myth of Storm and Stress
  • 9.2. Romantic Relationships and Sexuality
  • Romantic Relationships
  • Sexual Behavior
  • Dating Violence
  • Sexual and Gender Minority Youth
  • 9.3. The World of Work
  • Career Development
  • Part-Time Employment
  • 9.4. The Dark Side
  • Drug Use
  • Depression
  • Delinquency
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 10. Emerging and Established Adulthood: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development
  • 10.1. Emerging and Established Adulthood
  • Role Transitions Marking Adulthood
  • Neuroscience, Behavior, and Emerging and Established Adulthood
  • Achieving Milestones: Education, Financial Independence, and Erikson’s Intimacy
  • So When Do People Become Adults?
  • 10.2. Physical Development and Health
  • Lifestyle Factors in Health
  • Smoking
  • Drinking Alcohol
  • Nutrition
  • Healthcare Disparities
  • 10.3. Cognitive Development
  • How Should We View Intelligence in Adults?
  • Primary and Secondary Mental Abilities
  • Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
  • Neuroscience Research and Intelligence
  • Going Beyond Formal Operations: Thinking in Adulthood
  • Integrating Emotion and Logic in Emerging and Young Adulthood
  • 10.4. Who Do You Want to Be? Personality in Emerging and Established Adulthood
  • Creating Life Stories
  • Possible Selves
  • Personal Control Beliefs
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 11. Being Connected: Relationships in Emerging, Established, and Middle Adulthood
  • 11.1. Relationship Types and Issues
  • Friendships
  • Love Relationships
  • Violence in Relationships
  • 11.2. Lifestyles and Relationships
  • Singlehood
  • Cohabitation
  • Marriage
  • 11.3. Family Dynamics and the Life Course
  • The Parental Role
  • Diverse Family Forms
  • 11.4. Divorce and Remarriage
  • Divorce
  • Remarriage
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 12. Working and Relaxing
  • 12.1. Occupational Selection and Development
  • The Meaning of Work
  • Occupational Choice Revisited
  • Occupational Development
  • Job Satisfaction
  • 12.2. Diversity in the Workplace
  • Diversity and Occupational Development
  • Bias and Discrimination
  • 12.3. Occupational Transitions
  • Reskilling and Upskilling Workers
  • Occupational Insecurity
  • Coping with Unemployment
  • 12.4. Work and Family
  • The Dependent Care Dilemma
  • Juggling Multiple Roles
  • 12.5. Taking Time to Relax: Leisure Activities
  • Types of Leisure Activities
  • Developmental Changes in Leisure
  • Consequences of Leisure Activities
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 13. Making it in Midlife: the Biopsychosocial Challenges of Middle Adulthood
  • 13.1. Physical Changes and Health
  • Changes in Appearance
  • Changes in Bones and Joints
  • Reproductive Changes
  • Stress and Health
  • Exercise
  • 13.2. Cognitive Development
  • Practical Intelligence
  • Becoming an Expert
  • Lifelong Learning
  • 13.3. Personality
  • The Five-Factor Trait Model
  • Changing Priorities in Midlife
  • 13.4. Family Dynamics and Middle Age
  • Letting Go: Middle-Aged Adults and Their Children
  • Giving Back: Middle-Aged Adults and Their Aging Parents
  • Grandparenthood
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 14. The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues
  • 14.1. What are Older Adults Like?
  • The Demographics of Aging
  • Longevity
  • The Third–Fourth Age Distinction
  • 14.2. Physical Changes and Health
  • Biological Theories of Aging
  • Physiological Changes
  • Chronic Disease and Lifestyle Health Issues
  • 14.3. Cognitive Processes
  • Describing Cognitive Aging
  • Memory
  • Creativity and Wisdom
  • 14.4. Mental Health and Intervention
  • Depression
  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Dementia
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 15. Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial, Retirement, Relationship, and Societal Issues
  • 15.1. Theories of Psychosocial Aging
  • The Goal of Healthy Aging
  • Competence and Environmental Press
  • Preventive and Corrective Proactivity Model
  • 15.2. Personality, Social Cognition, and Spirituality
  • Integrity Versus Despair
  • Well-Being and Emotion
  • Spirituality in Later Life
  • 15.3. I Used to Work at…: Living in Retirement
  • What Does Being Retired Mean?
  • Why Do People Retire?
  • Adjustment to Retirement
  • Employment and Volunteering
  • 15.4. Friends and Family in Late Life
  • Friends, Siblings, and Socioemotional Selectivity
  • Marriage and Same-Sex Partnerships
  • Caring for a Partner
  • Widowhood
  • Great-Grandparenthood
  • 15.5. Social Issues and Aging
  • Frail Older Adults
  • Housing Options
  • Elder Abuse and Neglect
  • Social Security and Medicare
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Chapter 16. Dying and Bereavement
  • 16.1. Definitions and Ethical Issues
  • Sociocultural Definitions of Death
  • Legal and Medical Definitions
  • Ethical Issues
  • 16.2. Thinking About Death: Personal Aspects
  • A Life-Course Approach to Dying
  • Dealing with One’S Own Death
  • Death Anxiety
  • 16.3. End-of-Life Issues
  • Creating a Final Scenario
  • Palliative Care
  • Making Your End-Of-Life Intentions Known
  • 16.4. Surviving the Loss: the Grieving Process
  • The Grief Process
  • Typical Grief Reactions
  • Coping with Grief
  • Ambiguous Loss
  • Prolonged Grief
  • Disenfranchised Grief
  • 16.5. Dying and Bereavement Experiences across the Life Span
  • Childhood
  • Adolescence
  • Adulthood
  • Late Adulthood
  • Conclusion
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • References