How People Learn II

Höfundar: ; ; ; ; (Útgáfa: 0)
How People Learn II

Kaup valmöguleikar

Það eru margar ástæður til að hafa áhuga á því hvernig fólk lærir. Á undanförnum áratugum hefur rannsóknum fjölgað gríðarlega og niðurstöður þeirra hafa mikilvæga þýðingu fyrir nám einstaklinga, skólastarf, starfsþjálfun og stefnumótun. Árið 2000 kom út bókin How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition og áhrif hennar hafa verið víðtæk og djúpstæð. Þar voru teknar saman niðurstöður um eðli náms hjá börnum á skólaaldri, settar fram meginreglur um hönnun árangursríks námsumhverfis og gefin dæmi um hvernig útfæra mætti þær í kennslustofunni.

Síðan þá hafa rannsakendur haldið áfram að kanna eðli náms og aflað nýrrar þekkingar á taugaferlum sem tengjast námi, einstaklings- og menningarmun í námi og menntatækni. Auk aukins vísindalegs skilnings á ferlum náms og því hvernig heilinn aðlagast á æviskeiðinu hafa mikilvægar uppgötvanir verið gerðar um þá þætti sem hafa áhrif á nám, einkum félags- og menningarlega þætti og uppbyggingu námsumhverfis.

How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures er löngu tímabær uppfærsla sem tekur mið af þeirri þekkingu sem fengist hefur með rannsóknum síðasta áratugar. Bókin byggir áfram á þeim grunni sem lagður var í skýrslunni frá árinu 2000 og fjallar ítarlega um þá fjölmörgu samverkandi þætti sem hafa áhrif á nám einstaklinga. How People Learn II er ómissandi heimild fyrir þá sem vilja skilja nám á öllum æviskeiðum og nýtist kennurum bæði barna og fullorðinna.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
National Academies Press
ISBN
9780309459679
Print ISBN
9780309459648
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
0
Höfundar
; ; ; ;
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2018-09-27
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100

Kaflar

  • Cover Page
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Table of Contents
  • Summary
  • 1 Introduction
  • Charge to the Committee
  • Contributions of HPL I
  • Interpreting the Charge
  • Gathering Evidence to Address the Charge
  • Treatment of Evidence
  • Guide to This Report
  • 2 Context and Culture
  • The Cultural Nature of Learning
  • Defining Culture
  • The Role of Culture in Learning and Development
  • Learning as Social Activity
  • The Dynamic Interaction of Culture, Biology, and Context
  • Social and Emotional Influences
  • Physical Influences
  • Conclusion
  • 3 Types of Learning and the Developing Brain
  • Types of Learning
  • Three Learning Scenarios
  • Basic Types of Learning
  • Integrating Types of Learning
  • Learning and the Brain
  • Prenatal and Lifelong Brain Development and Maturation
  • Brain Adaptation in Response to Learning
  • Evidence of Learning-Related Changes in the Brain Throughout the Life Span
  • Conclusions
  • 4 Processes That Support Learning
  • Orchestrating Learning
  • Executive Function
  • Self-Regulation of Learning
  • Memory
  • Reconstructing Memories
  • Working and Long-Term Memory
  • Memory for Episodes of Learning
  • Conclusions
  • 5 Knowledge and Reasoning
  • Building a Knowledge Base
  • Knowledge and Expertise
  • Benefits of Expertise
  • Bias as a Natural Side Effect of Knowledge
  • Knowledge Integration and Reasoning
  • Inferential Reasoning
  • Age-Related Changes in Knowledge and Reasoning
  • Effects of Culture on Reasoning
  • Strategies to Support Learning
  • Strategies for Knowledge Retention
  • Strategies for Understanding and Integration
  • Conclusions
  • 6 Motivation to Learn
  • Theoretical Perspectives
  • Learners’ Beliefs and Values
  • Self-Efficacy
  • Values
  • Interest
  • Intrinsic Motivation
  • External Rewards
  • Effects of Choice
  • The Importance of Goals
  • Types of Goals
  • Influence of Teachers on Learners’ Goals
  • Learning Goals and Other Goals
  • Future Identities and Long-Term Persistence
  • Social and Cultural Influences on Motivation
  • Cross-Cultural Differences in Learners’ Self-Construals
  • Social Identity and Motivation Processes
  • Stereotype Threat
  • Interventions to Improve Motivation
  • Conclusions
  • 7 Implications for Learning in School
  • Culture and Learning in School
  • School and Classroom Contexts
  • Shifting from “Deficit” to “Asset” Models
  • Discipline-Specific Learning
  • Mathematics
  • Science
  • History
  • Engaging and Empowering Learners
  • Self-Regulated Learning
  • Instructional Approaches for Engaging the Learner
  • Assessing Learning
  • Providing Feedback to Learners
  • Connecting Assessment to Evidence about How Students Learn
  • Conclusions
  • 8 Digital Technology
  • Aligning Technologies with Learning Goals
  • Affordances of Learning Technologies
  • Learning Through Repetition
  • Deeper Learning with Models
  • Collaborative and Cooperative Learning
  • Technology-Supported Self-Regulated Learning
  • Technologies that Stimulate Active Learning
  • Learning Through Game Play
  • Leveraging Stories and Favorite Characters
  • Empowering Learners as Producers and Creators
  • Making
  • Embodied Cognition
  • Conversational Agents
  • Technologies for Instruction
  • Linking Formal and Informal Learning
  • Orchestrating Instruction
  • Writing Instruction
  • Opportunities and Challenges
  • Digital Dashboards
  • Distance Learning
  • Mobile Personal Devices
  • Problematic Features of Technology
  • Universal Design
  • Technology for Learning in Later Life
  • The Digital Divide
  • A Systematic Approach to Implementation
  • Conclusions
  • 9 Learning Across the Life Span
  • Changes That Occur with Age
  • Reasoning and Knowledge
  • Motivation for Learning
  • Learning Activities and Environments
  • Cognitive Abilities
  • Learning Disabilities
  • Causes of Learning Disabilities
  • Reading Disabilities
  • Mathematics Disabilities
  • Learning Disabilities in Adults
  • Adult Literacy
  • Interventions
  • Postsecondary Educational Experiences
  • Workforce Training
  • Determining Whether People Learn in the Workplace
  • Training Transfer
  • Autonomous Workplace Learning
  • Self-Regulated Learning in the Workplace
  • The Importance of Active Engagement
  • Fostering Lifelong Learning
  • Conclusions
  • 10 Research Agenda
  • The Dynamic Nature of Learning
  • Research Agenda
  • References
  • Appendixes
  • A History of the How People Learn Studies and Their Use
  • B List of Relevant Reports Published by the National Academies Press
  • C Study Populations in Research on Learning
  • D Committee and Staff Biographies