History and Theory in Anthropology

Höfundur: Alan Barnard (Útgáfa: 2)
History and Theory in Anthropology

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In the past twenty years, there have been exciting new developments in the field of anthropology. This second edition of Barnard's classic textbook on the history and theory of anthropology has been revised and expanded to include up-to-date coverage on all the most important topics in the field. Its coverage ranges from traditional topics like the beginnings of the subject, evolutionism, functionalism, structuralism, and Marxism, to ideas about globalization, post-colonialism, and notions of 'race' and of being 'indigenous'.

There are several new chapters, along with an extensive glossary, index, dates of birth and death, and award-winning diagrams. Although anthropology is often dominated by trends in Europe and North America, this edition makes plain the contributions of trendsetters in the rest of the world too. With its comprehensive yet clear coverage of concepts, this is essential reading for a new generation of anthropology students.

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Útgefandi
Cambridge University Press
ISBN
9781108944120
Print ISBN
9781108837958
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
2
Höfundar
Alan Barnard
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2021-12-16
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
10
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover
  • Half title
  • Title page
  • Imprints page
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Figures
  • Tables
  • Preface
  • 1 Visions of Anthropology
  • 1.1 Anthropology and Ethnology
  • 1.2 The ‘Four Fields’ Approach
  • 1.3 Theory and Ethnography
  • 1.4 Anthropological Paradigms
  • The Notion of a ‘Paradigm’
  • Diachronic, Synchronic, and Interactive Perspectives
  • Society and Culture
  • 1.5 Visions of the History of Anthropology
  • 1.6 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 2 Precursors of the Anthropological Tradition
  • 2.1 Natural Law and the Social Contract
  • The Seventeenth Century
  • The Eighteenth Century
  • 2.2 Definitions of Humanity in Eighteenth-Century Europe
  • Feral Children
  • The Orang Outang
  • Notions of the ‘Savage’
  • 2.3 Sociological and Anthropological Thought
  • The Sociological Tradition
  • Polygenesis and Monogenesis
  • 2.4 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 3 Changing Perspectives on Evolution
  • 3.1 Biological and Anthropological Traditions
  • 3.2 Unilinear Evolutionism
  • Maine, Lubbock, and Morgan
  • Matrilineality versus Patrilineality
  • Theories of ‘Totemism’
  • Tylor and Frazer on ‘Early’ Religion
  • 3.3 Universal Evolutionism
  • V. Gordon Childe
  • Leslie A. White
  • 3.4 Multilinear Evolutionism and Cultural Ecology
  • Julian H. Steward
  • George Peter Murdock
  • 3.5 Neo-Darwinism
  • Sociobiology
  • The Symbolic Revolution?
  • 3.6 Recent Trends
  • 3.7 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 4 Diffusionist and Culture-Area Theories
  • 4.1 Antecedents of Diffusionism: Philology, Müller, and Bastian
  • The Philological Tradition: Diffusionism before the Diffusionists?
  • 4.2 Diffusionism Proper
  • German-Austrian Diffusionism
  • British Diffusionism
  • Diffusionism Today?
  • 4.3 Culture-Area and Regional Approaches
  • The Culture-Area Approach in American Anthropology
  • Regional Comparison, National Traditions, and Regional Traditions
  • 4.4 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 5 Functionalism and Structural-Functionalism
  • 5.1 Evolutionist Precursors and the Organic Analogy
  • 5.2 Durkheimian Sociology
  • 5.3 The Functionalism of Malinowski
  • Functionalism and Fieldwork
  • A Scientific Theory of Culture?
  • 5.4 The Structural-Functionalism of Radcliffe-Brown
  • A Natural Science of Society?
  • Function, Structure, and Structural Form
  • Semantic Structure or Social Structure?
  • Two Theories of Totemism
  • 5.5 The Influence of Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown
  • 5.6 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 6 Action and Process
  • 6.1 Roots in Sociology
  • 6.2 Roots in Anthropology
  • 6.3 Transactionalism
  • 6.4 The Manchester School
  • 6.5 Three Ethnographic Debates
  • Friedman versus Leach: The Political Economy of the Kachin
  • Wilmsen versus Lee: Kalahari History and Ethnography
  • Obeyesekere versus Sahlins: The Death of Captain Cook
  • 6.6 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 7 Marxist Perspectives
  • 7.1 Marxism
  • Key Concepts in Marxist Anthropology
  • The Structural Marxism of Godelier
  • The ‘Land and Labour’ Marxism of Meillassoux
  • Political Economy and Globalization Theory
  • 7.2 The Anarchist Challenge?
  • 7.3 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 8 From Relativism to Cognitive Science
  • 8.1 Franz Boas and the Rise of Cultural Relativism
  • 8.2 Culture and Personality
  • 8.3 Primitive Thought?
  • The Anti-Relativism of Lévy-Bruhl
  • The Linguistic Relativism of Whorf
  • Criticisms of Whorfianism
  • The Rationality Debate
  • 8.4 Towards Cognitive Science
  • Structural Semantics
  • Cognitive Anthropology
  • Ethnoscience
  • 8.5 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 9 Structuralism, from Linguistics to Anthropology
  • 9.1 Saussure and Structural Linguistics
  • Saussure and His ‘Course’
  • Four Key Distinctions
  • After Saussure
  • 9.2 Lévi-Strauss and Structural Anthropology
  • Structuralism, Pattern, and Ideas
  • Elementary Structures of Kinship
  • The Culinary Triangle
  • The Oedipus Myth
  • 9.3 Structuralism and National Traditions of Anthropology
  • 9.4 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 10 Poststructuralists and Feminists
  • 10.1 Poststructuralism and Anthropology
  • Derrida, Althusser, and Lacan
  • Bourdieu’s Practice Theory
  • Foucault’s Theory of Knowledge and Power
  • 10.2 Feminism in Anthropology
  • From Gender Studies to Feminist Anthropology
  • Gender as a Symbolic Construction
  • Gender as a Complex Set of Social Relations
  • Embodiment
  • 10.3 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 11 Mavericks
  • 11.1 Structure and Conflict: Bateson on National Character
  • 11.2 Structure and Action: Douglas on Grid and Group
  • 11.3 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 12 Interpretive Approaches
  • 12.1 Evans-Pritchard’s Interpretive Approach
  • 12.2 Geertz’s Interpretivism
  • 12.3 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 13 Postmodernism and Its Aftermath
  • 13.1 Reflexivity and Reflexivism
  • 13.2 Orientalism, Occidentalism, and Globalization
  • 13.3 Postmodernism and Postmodern Anthropology
  • The Return to Relativism
  • ‘Writing Culture’
  • 13.4 Problems with Postmodernism: Nationalism
  • 13.5 Globalization and Postcolonialism
  • 13.6 Mixed Approaches: Towards a Compromise?
  • 13.7 Concluding Summary
  • Further Reading
  • 14 Conclusions
  • 14.1 World History
  • 14.2 National Traditions and the Future
  • 14.3 Further Thoughts on Histories of Anthropology
  • 14.4 Concluding Summary
  • Postscript: Black Lives Matter
  • Appendices
  • Appendix 1: Dates of Birth and Death
  • Appendix 2: Glossary
  • References
  • Index