High-Skilled Migration

Höfundur: Mathias Czaika (Útgáfa: 1)
High-Skilled Migration

Kaup valmöguleikar

Political and scientific debates on migration policies have mostly focused on governments' efforts to control or reduce low-skilled, asylum, and irregular migration or to encourage the return migration of these categories. Less research and constructive discourse has been conducted on the role and effectiveness of policies to attract or retain high-skilled workers. An improved understanding of the drivers and dynamics of high-skilled migration is essential for effective policy-making, as most highly developed and emerging economies experience growing shortages of high-skilled labour supply in certain occupations and sectors, and skilled immigration is often viewed as one way of addressing these.

Simplistic assumptions that high-skilled migrants are primarily in pursuit of higher wages raise the expectation that policies which open channels for high-skilled immigration are generally successful. Although many countries have introduced policies aimed at attracting and facilitating the recruitment of high-skilled workers, not all recruitment efforts have had the desired effects, and anecdotal evidence on the effectiveness of these programmes is rather mixed.

The reason is that the rather narrow focus on migration policy coincides with a lack of systematic and rigorous consideration of other economic, social, and political drivers of migration, which may be equally - or sometimes even more - important than migration policies per se. A better understanding of migration policies, their making, consequences and limitations, requires a systematic knowledge of the broader economic, social and political structures and their interaction in both origin and destination countries.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Oxford University Press Academic UK
ISBN
9780192546920
Print ISBN
9780198815273
Format
ePub
Útgáfa
1
Höfundar
Mathias Czaika
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2018-02-08
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Cover page
  • Halftitle page
  • Title page
  • Copyright page
  • Acknowledgement
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • Notes on Contributors
  • 1. High-Skilled Migration: Introduction and Synopsis
  • 1.1. Introduction
  • 1.2. This Volume
  • 2. High-Skilled Migration in Times of Global Economic Crisis
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. High-Skilled Migration Flow Data: Methodology
  • 2.3. International Skilled Labour Flows in the 2000s
  • 2.4. High-Skilled Migration Policies Before and After the Global Economic Crisis
  • 2.5. Conclusion
  • 3. High-Skilled Migration and the Limits of Migration Policies
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. The Selection of the Skilled
  • 3.3. Patterns And Channels: The Consumption of the Skilled
  • 3.4. A Transition to High Mobility
  • 3.5. The Production of the Skilled
  • 3.6. Policy Implications
  • 3.7. Conclusion
  • 4. Female High-Skilled Migration: The Role of Policies
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. Gendering Skilled Immigration: The Existing Literature
  • 4.3. New Indicators of ‘Gender Sensitivity’ to Assess Skilled Immigration Policy
  • 4.4. Labour Market: Life Course Insights for Skilled Immigration Policies
  • 4.5. Method for Creation of the Genderimmi Dataset
  • 4.6. Presenting the Findings of the Genderimmi Dataset
  • 4.7. Aggregate Findings from the Genderimmi Dataset
  • 4.8. Conclusion
  • 5. European High-Skilled Migration Policy: Trends and Challenges
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. European challenges
  • 5.3. European Responses
  • 5.4. High-Skilled Immigration Flows and the Effects of Policies
  • 5.5. Conclusions
  • 6. Shifts in Selective Migration Policy Models: A Comparison of Australia, Canada, and the US
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Selective Migration Policy Models
  • 6.3. Comparison of Outcomes
  • 6.4. The Shift Towards Demand-Driven Approaches
  • 6.5. Higher Education as a Means of Immigration
  • 6.6. Conclusion
  • 7. High-Skilled Migration Policy Challenges from a US Perspective
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. The Roles Played by Technical Knowledge in Economic Growth Theories
  • 7.3. Shortage Claims and Policy Responses
  • 7.4. Projected Shortages of Scientists and Engineers in the EU
  • 7.5. Distinctive Aspects of US High-Skilled Migration
  • 7.6. Ambiguities
  • 7.7. Gaps and Deficiencies
  • 7.8. New Avenues for Future Research
  • 7.9. Conclusion
  • 8. High-Skilled Immigration and Innovation
  • 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.2. What Does Innovation Mean and How is it Measured?
  • 8.3. Why Do Migrants Spur Innovation?
  • 8.4. Operationalization of Human Capital in Empirical Research
  • 8.5. Evidence from Empirical Studies
  • 8.6. Conclusion
  • 9. High-Skilled Migration and the Attractiveness of Cities
  • 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.2. Globalization and Skilled International Labour Mobility
  • 9.3. Cities and Elite Labour Flows
  • 9.4. Jobs Versus People
  • 9.5. Firms as Agents of Global Labour and Knowledge Mobility
  • 9.6. State Regulation of Global Labour Mobility
  • 9.7. Conclusion
  • 10. Attracting and Retaining International Students as Skilled Migrants
  • 10.1. Introduction
  • 10.2. Major Skilled Migration Pathways
  • 10.3. The Study-Migration Pathway—Three Case Studies
  • 10.4. Conclusion
  • 11. International Student Mobility: Sending Country Determinants and Policies
  • 11.1. Introduction
  • 11.2. Outbound Mobility Data and Trends
  • 11.3. Country Correlates of Outbound Mobility
  • 11.4. Sending Country Policies that Shape International Student Mobility
  • 11.5. Conclusion
  • 12. Internationalization and Diversification of Academic Careers
  • 12.1. Introduction
  • 12.2. Data
  • 12.3. Internationalization of Academic Careers: Patterns, Drivers, and Motivations
  • 12.4. Beyond the ‘Scientific Core’: Diversification and the Emergence of New Destinations
  • 12.5. Conclusion
  • 13. Postdoctoral Destination Decisions: Advice from Asian-Born, Western-Trained Bioscientists
  • 13.1. Introduction
  • 13.2. Postdoctoral Training
  • 13.3. The Role of Professors in Postdoctoral Destination Decisions
  • 13.4. Data and Methods
  • 13.5. Interviewees’ Postdoctoral Advice
  • 13.6. Conclusion
  • 14. What Fundamentals Drive the Immigration of Medical Doctors?: A Panel Data Analysis of OECD Countries
  • 14.1. Introduction
  • 14.2. Data and Measurement
  • 14.3. Model, Methodology, and Econometric Issues
  • 14.4. Results
  • 14.5. Discussion
  • 14.6. Conclusion
  • 15. Recruitment Policies of Non-EU/EEA Nurses and Ethical Issues: A Comparison of the UK, France, and Switzerland
  • 15.1. Introduction
  • 15.2. The UK Case
  • 15.3. The French Case
  • 15.4. The Swiss Case
  • 15.5. Conclusion
  • 16. Staunching the Flow: The Brain Drain and Health Professional Retention Strategies in South Africa
  • 16.1. Introduction
  • 16.2. Mapping the Brain Drain
  • 16.3. Is There a Shortage?
  • 16.4. Addressing the Shortage
  • 16.5. Implications for the Brain Drain
  • 16.6. Conclusion
  • 17. Conclusion
  • Index