Exploring Biological Anthropology: The Essentials

Höfundar: Craig Stanford; John S. Allen; Susan C. Anton (Útgáfa: 4)
Exploring Biological Anthropology: The Essentials

Kaup valmöguleikar

For courses in Biological Anthropology Present a concise overview of biological anthropology, from early foundations to recent innovations Exploring Biological Anthropology: The Essentials combines concise coverage of the foundations of the field with modern innovations and discoveries, helping students understand, and get excited about, the discipline. Because the authors conduct research in three of the main areas of biological anthropology–the human fossil record (Susan Antón), primate behavior and ecology (Craig Stanford), and human biology and the brain (John Allen)–they offer a specialist approach that engages students and gives them everything they need to master the subject.

The Fourth Edition continues to present traditional physical anthropology within a modern Darwinian framework, and includes coverage of contemporary discoveries to highlight the ever-increasing body of knowledge in biological anthropology. Also available with MyAnthroLab® MyAnthroLab for the Biological Anthropology course extends learning online to engage students and improve results. Media resources with assignments bring concepts to life, and offer students opportunities to practice applying what they’ve learned.

Please note: this version of MyAnthroLab does not include an eText. Exploring Biological Anthropology: The Essentials, Fourth Edition is also available via REVEL™, an interactive learning environment that enables students to read, practice, and study in one continuous experience. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyLab™ & Mastering™ does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MyLab & Mastering, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID.

Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyLab & Mastering, search for: 0134377974 / 9780134377971  Exploring Biological Anthropology: The Essentials plus MyAnthroLab for Biological Anthropology — Access Card Package, 4/e Package consists of: 0134014014 / 9780134014012  Exploring Biological Anthropology: The Essentials, 4/e 0134324404 / 9780134324401  MyAnthroLab for Biological Anthropology Access Card.

Nánar um bókina

Útgefandi
Pearson Education (US)
ISBN
9780134014142
Print ISBN
9780134014012
Format
Page Fidelity (PDF)
Útgáfa
4
Höfundar
Craig Stanford; John S. Allen; Susan C. Anton
Tungumál
English
Útgefið
2016-02-24
Prent takmörkun á líftíma
100
Prent takmörkun
2
Afritunar takmörkun
2

Kaflar

  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Brief Contents
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • About the Authors
  • PART I Foundations
  • Chapter 1 What Is Biological Anthropology?
  • Anthropology and Its Subfields
  • The Scope of Biological Anthropology
  • The Subfields of Anthropology
  • Paleoanthropology
  • Skeletal Biology and Human Osteology
  • Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology
  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Primatology
  • Human Biology
  • The Roots of Modern Biological Anthropology
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Chapter 2 Origins of Evolutionary Thought
  • What Is Science?
  • The Early Thinkers
  • The Roots of Modern Science
  • Linnaeus and the Natural Scheme of Life
  • The Road to the Darwinian Revolution
  • The Uniformitarians: Hutton and Lyell
  • The Darwinian Revolution
  • The Galápagos
  • Refining the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
  • Insights & Advances: Darwin versus Wallace?
  • Science and Creationism
  • Insights & Advances: What Is Intelligent Design?
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • PART II Mechanisms of Evolution
  • Chapter 3 Genetics: Cells and Molecules
  • The Study of Genetics
  • The Cell
  • Cell Anatomy
  • Insights & Advances: Cloning Controversies
  • DNA Structure and Function
  • DNA Structure I: The Molecular Level
  • DNA Function I: Replication
  • DNA Function II: Protein Synthesis
  • DNA Structure II: Chromosomes and Cell Division
  • Molecular Tools for Bioanthropological Research
  • Indirect and Direct Research Methods
  • PCR, Mitochondrial DNA, and Ancient DNA
  • INNOVATIONS: DNA Barcoding
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Chapter 4 Genetics: From Genotype
  • From Genotype to Phenotype
  • The ABO Blood Type System
  • Obesity: A Complex Interaction
  • Mendelian Genetics
  • Mendel’s Postulates
  • Linkage and Crossing Over
  • Mutation
  • Point Mutation and Sickle Cell Disease
  • Mutations: Bad, Neutral, and Good
  • X-Linked Disorders
  • Mendelian Genetics in Humans
  • Genetics beyond Mendel
  • Polygenic Traits, the Phenotype, and the Environment
  • Insights & Advances: Popular Mendelism and the Shadow of Eugenics
  • Heritability and IQ Test Score Performance
  • Phenylketonuria: Illustrating Mendelian and Post-Mendelian Concepts
  • INNOVATIONS: A New Genetic Era
  • Genes and Environments
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Chapter 5 The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species
  • How Evolution Works
  • Where Does Variation Come From?
  • How Natural Selection Works
  • Other Ways By Which Evolution Happens
  • Classification and Evolution
  • Taxonomy and Speciation
  • What Is a Species?
  • Species Concepts
  • Insights & Advances: What’s in a Name? Species Concepts, Genetics, and Conservation
  • Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms
  • How Species Are Formed
  • The Tempo of Speciation
  • Adaptation
  • Is Everything Adaptive?
  • Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
  • Levels of Selection
  • Inclusive Fitness
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Chapter 6 Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability
  • Human Variation at the Individual and Group Levels
  • What Is a Population?
  • Historical Perspectives on Human Variation
  • Recording Human Variation in Past Civilizations
  • The Monogenism–Polygenism Debate
  • Race and Racism in the Twentieth Century
  • Changing Attitudes toward Race in Anthropology
  • Deconstructing Racial Features
  • Population Genetics
  • Polymorphisms: ABO and Other Blood Type Systems
  • Gene Flow and Protein Polymorphisms
  • INNOVATIONS: Bermuda: Population Genetics of One of the Last Places Settled by People
  • Polymorphisms and Phylogenetic Studies
  • Polymorphisms and Natural Selection in Human Populations
  • The Evolution of Lactose Tolerance
  • Balanced Polymorphisms: Sickle Cell and Other Conditions
  • Adaptation and Adaptability
  • Levels of Adaptability
  • Heat and Cold
  • Insights & Advances: Technology and Extreme Environments
  • Body Size and Shape
  • Living at High Altitude
  • Skin Color
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • PART III Primates
  • Chapter 7 The Primates
  • The Primate Radiation
  • The Extraordinary Diversity of Nonhuman Primates
  • What Exactly Is a Primate?
  • Anatomical Traits
  • Life History Traits
  • Behavioral Traits
  • A Guide to the Nonhuman Primates
  • The Strepsirhines
  • The Haplorhines
  • Insights & Advances: The Rarest of the Rare
  • The New World Monkeys
  • The Old World Monkeys
  • The Hominoids
  • Primate Ecology
  • Insights & Advances: The Impending Extinction of the Great Apes?
  • Diet
  • You Are What You Eat: Dietary and Digestive Strategies
  • Diet and Feeding Competition
  • Territories and Ranges
  • Predation
  • Primate Communities
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Chapter 8 Primate Behavior
  • Studying Primates
  • The Evolution of Primate Social Behavior
  • Social Behavior and Reproductive Asymmetry
  • Male Reproductive Strategies
  • Female Reproductive Strategies
  • Why Are Nonhuman Primates Social?
  • The Paradox of Sociality
  • INNOVATIONS: Culture in Nonhuman Primates
  • Types of Nonhuman Primate Societies
  • Insights & Advances: The Infanticide Wars
  • Insights & Advances: Are Chimpanzees from Mars and Bonobos from Venus?
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • PART IV The Fossil Record
  • Chapter 9 Geology and Primate Origins
  • How to Become a Fossil
  • The Importance of Context
  • Stratigraphy
  • The Geologic Time Scale
  • How Old Is It?
  • Relative Dating Techniques
  • Calibrated Relative Dating Techniques
  • Chronometric Dating Techniques
  • Insights & Advances: Dating Controversies
  • INNOVATIONS: Time in a Bottle
  • Earth in the Cenozoic
  • Continents and Land Masses
  • The Environment in the Cenozoic
  • Climate Change and Early Primate Evolution
  • Changes in the Paleocene Related to the Origin of Primates
  • Why Primates?
  • True Primates of the Eocene
  • Selective Pressures Favoring the Strepsirhine–Haplorhine Split
  • Climate Change and the Origin of Monkeys and Apes
  • The First Monkeys
  • New World Monkeys
  • Old World Monkeys
  • What Favored the Origin of Anthropoids?
  • The Earliest Apes
  • Selection Pressures and the Divergence of Monkeys and Apes
  • The Monkey’s Tale: What Happened to Primate Diversity in the Miocene?
  • Molecular Evolution in Primates
  • A Primate Molecular Phylogeny
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Chapter 10 Early Hominins and Australopithecus
  • Becoming a Biped
  • Anatomical Changes
  • Constructing the Bipedal Body Plan
  • Will You Know a Hominin When You See One?
  • The First Hominins?
  • Sahelanthropus tchadensis (7.0–6.0 mya)
  • Insights & Advances: Locomotion of the Last Common Ancestor
  • Orrorin tugenensis (6.0 mya)
  • Ardipithecus ramidus (4.4 mya) and Ardipithecus kadabba (5.8–5.2 mya)
  • Selective Pressures and the Origin of Hominins
  • Australopithecus and Kin
  • Australopithecus anamensis (4.2–3.9 mya)
  • Australopithecus afarensis (3.9–2.9 mya)
  • INNOVATIONS: Dikika and Development
  • Other East and West African Hominins (3.5–2.5 mya)
  • Australopithecus africanus (3.5–<2.0 mya)
  • Australopithecus sediba (1.97–1.78 mya)
  • “Robust” Australopithecus (or Paranthropus)
  • Understanding the Australopithecus Radiation
  • Cohabitation
  • Tools and Intelligence
  • Ancestors and Descendants
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Chapter 11 Rise of the Genus Homo
  • Climate and the Evolution of Homo in the Pliocene and Pleistocene
  • Defining the Genus Homo
  • Earliest Genus Homo
  • Homo habilis (1.9–1.4 mya)
  • Homo rudolfensis (2.1–1.78 mya)
  • Early Tool Use, Hunting, and Scavenging
  • Insights & Advances: Homo naledi and The Cradle of Humankind
  • Hunting and Scavenging
  • Who Was Homo erectus?
  • Anatomical Features
  • Homo erectus versus Homo ergaster
  • Homo erectus Around the World
  • African Origins
  • The First African Diaspora: Republic of Georgia
  • Dispersal Into East Asia
  • INNOVATIONS: What’s Size Got to Do with It?
  • The Status of Homo erectus in Europe
  • The Lifeways of Homo erectus
  • Homo erectus and the Early Stone Age
  • Insights & Advances: The Little People of Flores
  • A Higher-Quality Diet: Homo erectus Subsistence
  • Homo Erectus Life History
  • Homo erectus Leaves Africa
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Chapter 12 Archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertals
  • Hominin Evolution in the Middle to Late Pleistocene
  • Defining Anatomically Modern Homo Sapiens
  • Archaic Homo sapiens
  • European Archaic Homo sapiens (H. Heidelbergensis)
  • African Archaic Homo sapiens (H. rhodesiensis)
  • Asian Archaic Homo sapiens
  • Behavior of Archaic Homo sapiens
  • Stone Tools
  • Tools from Organic Materials
  • Big-Game Hunting
  • Fire, Campsites, and Home Sites
  • The Neandertals
  • Geographic and Temporal Distribution
  • History of Neandertal Discovery
  • Neandertal Anatomy and DNA: Built for the Cold
  • INNOVATIONS: Neandertal Genes
  • Growing up Neandertal
  • Health and Disease
  • Neandertal Behavior
  • Material Culture
  • Coping with Cold
  • Hunting, Subsistence, and Cannibalism
  • Burials
  • Ritual and Symbolic Behavior
  • Insights & Advances: The Denisovans
  • Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Issues: An Overview
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Chapter 13 The Emergence, Dispersal, and Bioarchaeology of Homo sapiens
  • The Emergence of Modern Humans
  • Models of Modern Human Origins
  • Replacement and Multiregional Models
  • Predictions of the Two Models
  • Anatomy and Distribution of Early Humans
  • Africa
  • Near East
  • Europe
  • Asia and Southeast Asia
  • Australia
  • Archaeology of Modern Human Origins
  • Stone and Other Tools
  • Subsistence
  • Symbolism, Burial, and Art
  • Molecular Genetics and Human Origins
  • Mitochondrial DNA
  • INNOVATIONS: Symbolism and Human Evolution
  • The Y-Chromosome
  • MRCAs for Nuclear Genes
  • Ancient DNA
  • Interpreting Models of Human Origins
  • Paleontology and Archaeology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Bioarchaeology after the Origin of Modern Humans
  • Settlement of the New World and Pacific Islands
  • Biological Changes at the Origins of Agriculture and Shifts to Sedentism
  • Insights & Advances: Peopling of the New World: Was Clovis First?
  • Physical and Cultural Consequences of Colonization
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • PART V Biology and Behavior of Modern Humans
  • Chapter 14 Evolution of the Brain and Behavior
  • Overview of the Brain
  • Issues in Hominin Brain Evolution
  • Humans Have “Large” Brains
  • Brain Size and the Fossil Record
  • Brain Reorganization
  • Insights & Advances: The 10% Myth: Evolution and Energy
  • Language: Biology and Evolution
  • Language in the Brain
  • Language in the Throat
  • Language Ability and the Fossil Record
  • Scenarios of Language Evolution
  • The Evolution of Human Behavior
  • INNOVATIONS: Music, the Brain, and Evolution
  • The Evolution of Human Behavior: Four Approaches
  • Traditional Lives in Evolutionary Ecological Perspective
  • Wealth, Reproductive Success, and Survival
  • Physiology and Ecology
  • Hunting, Gathering, and the Sexual Division of Labor
  • Sexual Selection and Human Behavior
  • Risk-Taking Behavior
  • Inbreeding Avoidance and Incest Taboos
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Chapter 15 Biomedical and Forensic Anthropology
  • Biomedical Anthropology and the Biocultural Perspective
  • Birth, Growth, and Aging
  • Human Childbirth
  • Patterns of Human Growth
  • Stages of Human Growth
  • The Secular Trend in Growth
  • Menarche and Menopause
  • Insights & Advances: Early Menarche and Later Health
  • Aging
  • Infectious Disease and Biocultural Evolution
  • Human Behavior and the Spread of Infectious Disease
  • Infectious Disease and the Evolutionary Arms Race
  • Diet and Disease
  • The Paleolithic Diet
  • Agriculture and Nutritional Deficiency
  • Agriculture and Abundance: Thrifty and Nonthrifty Genotypes
  • Forensic Anthropology, Life, Death, and the Skeleton
  • Field Recovery and Laboratory Processing
  • The Biological Profile
  • Age at Death
  • Sex
  • Ancestry
  • Height and Weight
  • INNOVATIONS: Ancestry and Identity Genetics
  • Premortem Injury and Disease
  • Perimortem and Postmortem Trauma
  • Identification and Forensic Anthropology
  • Time Since Death
  • Antemortem Records, Facial Reconstruction, and Positive IDs
  • Applications of Forensic Anthropology
  • Mass Fatalities
  • War Dead
  • War Crimes and Genocide
  • Insights & Advances: If You Have DNA, Why Bother with Bones?
  • Epilogue
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Appendix A Primate and Human Comparative Anatomy
  • Appendix B The Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
  • Appendix C Metric–Imperial Conversions
  • Glossary
  • Bibliogrphy
  • Credits
  • Index
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • X
  • Y
  • Z