Exercise Physiology
Höfundar:
William D. McArdle; Frank I. Katch; Victor L. Katch (Útgáfa: 9)
Kaup valmöguleikar
Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance á sér meira en 40 ára sögu og hefur hjálpað nær hálfri milljón nemenda og sérfræðinga í þjálfunarfræði að öðlast traustan grunn í þeim vísindalegu lögmálum sem nútímaþjálfunarlífeðlisfræði byggist á. Þessi rómaða og stefnumarkandi námsbók byggir á rannsóknum og setur flókið efni fram á lifandi og aðgengilegan hátt. Hún veitir heildstæðan skilning á áhrifum næringar, orkuflutnings og líkamsþjálfunar á frammistöðu fólks.
With a legacy spanning more than 40 years, Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance has helped nearly half a million students and exercise science practitioners build a solid foundation in the scientific principles underlying modern exercise physiology. This widely praised, trendsetting text presents a research-centric approach in a vibrant, engaging design to make complex topics accessible and deliver a comprehensive understanding of how nutrition, energy transfer, and exercise training affect human performance.
Nánar um bókina
- Wolters Kluwer Health
- 9781975283537
- 9781975217303
- ePub
- 9
- William D. McArdle; Frank I. Katch; Victor L. Katch
- English
- 2023-04-05
- 10
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- INTRODUCTION
- A View from the Past
- PART ONE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
- SECTION 1 Nutrition: The Base for Human Performance
- CHAPTER 1 Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
- PART 1 • CARBOHYDRATES
- Carbohydrate Kinds and Sources
- Recommended Carbohydrate Intake
- Carbohydrates’ Role in the Body
- Carbohydrate Dynamics During Physical Activity
- PART 2 • LIPIDS
- Lipid Characteristics
- Lipid Kinds and Sources
- Recommended Lipid Intake
- Lipid Dynamics in Physical Activity
- PART 3 • PROTEINS
- About Protein
- Protein Categories
- Recommended Protein Intake
- Protein’s Role in the Body
- Protein Metabolism Dynamics
- Nitrogen Balance
- Protein Dynamics During Physical Activity
- CHAPTER 2 Vitamins, Minerals, and Water
- PART 1 • VITAMINS
- About Vitamins
- Vitamin Types
- Vitamins’ Role in the Body
- Defining Nutrient Needs: Dietary Reference Intakes
- Vitamin Antioxidant Role
- Vitamin-Rich Food Sources
- Physical Activity, Free Radicals, and Antioxidants
- Does Vitamin Supplementation Provide a Competitive Edge?
- PART 2 • MINERALS
- Mineral Essentials
- Mineral Functions
- Calcium
- Female Athlete Triad
- Male Athlete Triad
- Phosphorus
- Magnesium
- Iron
- Sodium, Potassium, and Chlorine
- Minerals and Exercise Performance
- PART 3 • WATER
- The Body’s Water Content
- Water’s Functions
- Water Balance: Intake Versus Output
- Physical Activity and Water Requirements
- CHAPTER 3 Optimal Nutrition for Physical Activity
- Nutrient Intake Among the Physically Active
- Good Nutrition Essentials
- Dietary Guidelines for Americans
- Physical Activity and Food Intake
- Precompetition Meal
- Liquid Meals and Prepackaged Nutrition Bars, Powders, and Drinks
- Carbohydrate Feedings Prior to, During, and in Recovery from Physical Activity
- High-Glycemic Foods’ Possible Role in Obesity
- Foods’ Insulin Index
- Glucose Feedings, Electrolytes, and Water Uptake
- SECTION 2 Energy for Physical Activity
- CHAPTER 4 Food’s Energy Value
- Measuring Food’s Energy Content
- Food’s Gross Energy Value
- Food’s Net Energy Value
- Calculating a Meal’s Energy Value
- CHAPTER 5 Introduction to Energy Transfer
- Energy: The Capacity for Work
- Energy Interconversions
- Biologic Work in Humans
- Enzymes and Coenzymes: Energy Release Rate Alteration
- Hydrolysis and Condensation: The Basis for Digestion and Synthesis
- CHAPTER 6 Energy Transfer in the Body
- PART 1 • PHOSPHATE BOND ENERGY
- Adenosine Triphosphate: The Energy Currency
- Phosphocreatine: The Energy Reservoir
- Cellular Oxidation
- Oxygen’s Role in Energy Metabolism
- PART 2 • ENERGY RELEASE FROM MACRONUTRIENTS
- Energy Release from Carbohydrate
- Energy Release from Lipid
- Energy Release from Protein
- The Metabolic Mill: Interrelationships Among Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism
- CHAPTER 7 Energy Transfer During Physical Activity
- Immediate Energy: The Adenosine Triphosphate-Phosphocreatine System
- Short-Term Energy: The Glycolytic (Lactate-Forming) System
- Long-Term Energy: The Aerobic System
- Physical Activity Energy Spectrum
- Recovery Oxygen Uptake
- CHAPTER 8 Measuring Energy Expenditure
- Measuring the Body’s Heat Production
- Doubly Labeled Water Technique
- Respiratory Quotient
- Respiratory Exchange Ratio
- CHAPTER 9 Energy Expenditure During Rest and Physical Activity
- PART 1 • ENERGY EXPENDITURE AT REST
- Basal and Resting Metabolic Rate
- Metabolic Size Concept
- Metabolic Rate: Age and Sex Comparisons
- Five Factors That Affect TDEE
- PART 2 • ENERGY EXPENDITURE DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- Energy Expenditure Classification for Physical Activities
- The MET
- Average Daily Energy Expenditure Rates
- Energy Cost of Household, Industrial, and Recreational Activities
- Body Mass Influence
- Heart Rate to Estimate Energy Expenditure
- CHAPTER 10 Energy Expenditure During Walking, Jogging, Running, and Swimming
- Human Movement Efficiency and Economy
- Human Movement Efficiency
- Human Movement Economy
- Running Energy Expenditure
- Swimming
- CHAPTER 11 Individual Differences and Measuring Energy Capacities
- Metabolic Capacity and Exercise Performance: Specificity Versus Generality
- Overview: Exercise Energy Transfer Capacity
- Anaerobic Function Physiologic and Performance Tests
- Anaerobic Energy Transfer: The Immediate and Short-Term Energy Systems
- Anaerobic Energy Transfer: The Short-Term Glycolytic (Lactate-Forming) Energy System
- Aerobic Energy Transfer: The Long-Term Energy System
- SECTION 3 Aerobic Energy Delivery and Use
- CHAPTER 12 Pulmonary Structure and Function
- Ventilation Anatomy
- Ventilation Mechanics
- Inspiratory and Expiratory Dynamics
- Lung Volumes and Capacities
- Lung Function, Aerobic Fitness, and Physical Performance
- Pulmonary Ventilation
- Variations from Normal Breathing Patterns
- The Respiratory Tract During Cold-Weather Physical Activity
- CHAPTER 13 Gas Exchange and Transport
- PART 1 • GAS PARTIAL PRESSURE, MOVEMENT, AND EXCHANGE
- Respired Gas Concentrations and Partial Pressures
- Gas Movement in Air and Fluids
- Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues
- PART 2 • OXYGEN TRANSPORT IN BLOOD
- Oxygen Transport in Physical Solution
- Oxygen Transport in Hemoglobin
- Po2 in the Lungs
- Po2 in the Tissues
- PART 3 • CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORT IN BLOOD
- Carbon Dioxide Transport in Physical Solution
- Carbon Dioxide Transport as Bicarbonate
- Carbon Dioxide Transport in Hb
- CHAPTER 14 Pulmonary Ventilation Dynamics
- PART 1 • PULMONARY VENTILATION
- Ventilatory Control
- Ventilatory Regulation During Physical Activity
- PART 2 • PULMONARY VENTILATION DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- Ventilation and Energy Demands During Physical Activity
- Oxygen Cost of Breathing
- Does Ventilation Limit Aerobic Power and Endurance Performance?
- PART 3 • ACID-BASE REGULATION
- Buffering
- Intense Physical Activity Effects
- CHAPTER 15 The Cardiovascular System
- Cardiovascular System Components
- Hypertension
- Blood Pressure Response to Physical Activity
- Heart’s Blood Supply
- Myocardial Metabolism
- CHAPTER 16 Cardiovascular Regulation and Integration
- Intrinsic Heart Rate Regulation
- Extrinsic Regulation of Heart Rate and Circulation
- Blood Redistribution
- Integrative Responses During Physical Activity
- Physical Activity After Cardiac Transplantation
- CHAPTER 17 Cardiovascular Dynamics During Physical Activity
- Measuring Cardiac Output
- Cardiac Output at Rest
- Cardiac Output During Physical Activity
- Cardiac Output Distribution
- Cardiac Output and Oxygen Transport
- Cardiovascular Adjustments to Upper-Body Exercise
- CHAPTER 18 Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function
- Skeletal Muscle Gross Structure
- Skeletal Muscle Ultrastructure
- Chemical and Mechanical Events During Muscle Action and Relaxation
- Muscle Fiber Type
- CHAPTER 19 Neural Control and Human Movement
- Neuromotor System Organization
- Nerve Supply to Muscle
- Proprioceptors: Specialized Receptors in Muscles, Tendons, and Joints
- CHAPTER 20 The Endocrine System: Organization and Acute and Chronic Responses to Physical Activity
- Endocrine System Overview
- Endocrine System Organization
- Resting and Exercise-Induced Endocrine Secretions
- Exercise Training and Endocrine Function
- Resistance Training and Endocrine Function
- Opioid Peptides and Physical Activity
- Physical Activity and Immune Function
- PART TWO APPLIED EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
- SECTION 4 Enhancing Energy Transfer Capacity
- CHAPTER 21 Training for Anaerobic and Aerobic Power
- Exercise Training Principles
- How Training Impacts the Anaerobic Energy Systems
- Anaerobic System Changes with Training
- How Training Impacts the Aerobic System
- Seven Factors Affecting Aerobic Training Responses
- Tracking Aerobic Fitness Improvements
- Maintaining Aerobic Fitness Gains
- Training Methods
- Overtraining Considerations
- Physical Activity and Exercise Training During Pregnancy
- CHAPTER 22 Muscular Strength: Training Muscles to Become Stronger
- PART 1 • STRENGTH MEASUREMENT AND RESISTANCE TRAINING
- Muscular Strength Development Roots in Antiquity
- Resistance Training Objectives
- Muscle Strength Measurement
- Gender Differences in Muscle Strength
- Training Muscles to Become Stronger
- PART 2 • RESISTANCE TRAINING: STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATIONS
- Neural and Muscular Adaptations Impact Strength Improvements
- Comparative Male and Female Training Responses
- Detraining Effects on Muscle
- Resistance Training and Metabolic Stress
- Circuit Resistance Training
- Muscle Soreness and Stiffness
- CHAPTER 23 Special Aids to Exercise Training and Performance
- An Increasing Challenge to Fair Competition
- On the Horizon
- PART 1 • PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS FOR ERGOGENIC EFFECTS
- Anabolic Steroids
- Structure and Action
- Clenbuterol and Other β2-Adrenergic Agonists
- Other Adrenergic Agonists
- Growth Hormone: Genetic Engineering Now Common in Sports
- Dehydroepiandrosterone
- Androstenedione: Benign Prohormone Nutritional Supplement or Potentially Harmful Drug?
- Amino Acid Supplementation
- Amphetamines
- Caffeine
- Ginseng and Ephedrine
- Buffering Solutions
- Anticortisol Compounds: Glutamine and Phosphatidylserine
- β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate
- PART 2 • NONPHARMACOLOGIC APPROACHES FOR ERGOGENIC EFFECTS
- Red Blood Cell Reinfusion—Blood Doping
- Hormonal Blood Boosting (EPO)
- Warm-Up (Preliminary Exercise)
- Oxygen Inhalation (Hyperoxia)
- Modifying Carbohydrate Intake
- Chromium
- Creatine
- Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols
- Pyruvate
- SECTION 5 Exercise Performance and Environmental Stress
- CHAPTER 24 Physical Activity at Medium and High Altitude
- Altitude Stressors
- Oxygen Loading at Altitude
- Acclimatization
- Metabolic, Physiologic, and Exercise Capacity at Altitude
- Altitude Training and Sea-Level Performance
- Combined Altitude Stay with Low-Altitude Training
- CHAPTER 25 Exercise and Thermal Stress
- Weather Versus Climate: Time as a Factor
- PART 1 • THERMOREGULATION MECHANISMS
- Thermal Balance
- Hypothalamic Temperature Regulation
- Thermoregulation in Cold Stress
- Thermoregulation During Heat Loss
- How Clothing Impacts Thermoregulation
- PART 2 • THERMOREGULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEAT STRESS DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- Physical Activity in the Heat
- Rehydration and Hyperhydration to Maintain Fluid Balance
- Factors That Modify Heat Tolerance
- Complications from Excessive Heat Stress
- PART 3 • THERMOREGULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL COLD STRESS DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- Physical Activity in the Cold
- Cold Acclimatization
- How Cold Is Too Cold?
- CHAPTER 26 Sport Diving
- Diving History: Antiquity to the Present
- Pressure-Volume Relationships and Diving Depth
- Snorkeling and Breath-Hold Diving
- Scuba Diving
- Special Problems Breathing Gases at High Pressures
- Dives to Exceptional Depths: Mixed-Gas Diving
- Underwater Swimming Energy Cost
- CHAPTER 27 Microgravity: The Last Frontier
- The Weightless Environment
- The International Space Station’s 20th Anniversary
- Aerospace Physiology and Medicine Historical Overview
- Spaceflight Physiology
- Countermeasure Strategies
- Overview of Physiologic Responses to Spaceflight
- NASA’s Ambitious Vision for Future Space Exploration
- Practical Benefits from Space Biology Research
- Final Words
- SECTION 6 Body Composition, Energy Balance, and Weight Control
- CHAPTER 28 Body Composition Assessment
- Four Limitations in Using the Weight-for-Height Tables
- Overweight, Overfat, and Obesity Prevalence
- The Body Mass Index: A Popular but Imprecise Clinical Standard
- Modeling Human Body Composition
- Common Techniques to Assess Body Composition
- Average Percentage Body Fat
- How to Determine Goal Body Mass
- Looking to a Brighter Future
- CHAPTER 29 Physique, Performance, and Physical Activity
- Physique Status in Champion Athletes
- Body Composition in 100-Year-Old Males and Females
- CHAPTER 30 Overweight, Overfatness (Obesity), and Weight Control
- PART 1 • OBESITY
- Historical Perspective
- Obesity Remains a Global Epidemic
- Increased Body Fat: A Progressive Long-Term Process
- Physical Inactivity: A Crucial Component for Excessive Fat Accumulation
- Excessive Body Fat’s Health Risks
- Criteria for Excessive Body Fat: How Fat Is Too Fat?
- PART 2 • WEIGHT CONTROL PRIMARY PRINCIPLES INVOLVE DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
- Energy Balance: Input Versus Output
- Dieting for Weight Control
- Factors That Impact Weight Loss
- Increase Physical Activity for Weight Control
- Regular Physical Activity’s Effectiveness
- Weight Loss Recommendations for Wrestlers and Power Athletes
- Gaining Weight: The Competitive Athlete’s Dilemma
- SECTION 7 Exercise, Successful Aging, and Disease Prevention
- CHAPTER 31 Physical Activity, Health, and Aging
- The Graying of America
- The New Gerontology
- PART 1 • PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE POPULATION
- Physical Activity Epidemiology
- PART 2 • AGING AND PHYSIOLOGIC FUNCTION
- Age Trends
- Trainability and Age
- PART 3 • PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, HEALTH, AND LONGEVITY
- Physical Activity, Health, and Longevity
- Regular Moderate Physical Activity Benefits
- PART 4 • CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
- CHD Links to Cellular Level Alterations
- CHD Risk Factors
- CHAPTER 32 Clinical Exercise Physiology for Cancer, Cardiovascular, and Pulmonary Rehabilitation
- The Exercise Physiologist in the Clinical Setting
- Training and Certification Programs for Professional Exercise Physiologists
- Clinical Applications of Exercise Physiology to Diverse Diseases and Disorders
- Oncology
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Cardiac Disease Assessment
- Stress Test Protocols
- Cardiovascular Disease and Exercise Capacity
- Prescribing PA and Exercise
- Cardiac Rehabilitation
- Pulmonary Diseases
- PA and Asthma
- Neuromuscular Diseases, Disabilities, and Disorders
- Renal Disease
- Cognitive/Emotional Diseases and Disorders
- SECTION 8 On the Horizon
- CHAPTER 33 Molecular Biology: New Vista for Exercise Physiology in Health, Disease, and Performance
- PART 1 • MOLECULAR BIOLOGY HISTORICAL TOUR
- Revolution in the Biologic Sciences
- The Human Genome
- Nucleic Acids
- How DNA Replicates
- Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation
- Mutations
- PART 2 • NEW HORIZONS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- Medically Related Research
- Electrophoresis and Gel Transfer Methods
- Gene Editing
- PART 3 • HUMAN PERFORMANCE RESEARCH
- The Future Is Now
- Index