Ethics in Practice
Höfundur:
Hugh LaFollette (Útgáfa: 6)
Kaup valmöguleikar
Praise for ETHICS in PRACTICE “This new edition of Ethics in Practice offers a cornucopia of 72 expertly-edited texts – both canonical and contemporary – on a wonderfully wide selection of topics in moral theory and applied ethics. Students, teachers, and researchers will find in it a practically endless source of thought-provoking and conversation-sparking readings. ” —STUART GREEN, Distinguished Professor of Law, Rutgers University “Those of us who write and teach in practical ethics owe a debt of gratitude to Hugh LaFollette for assembling this superb collection of important contributions to the core theoretical questions and pressing contemporary issues in moral philosophy.
” —CHRISTOPHER HEATH WELLMAN, Washington University in St. Louis Ethics in Practice has guided students through the ethical dimensions of controversial debates for more than two decades, providing the knowledge required to confront difficult questions in various practical moral contexts. Now in its sixth edition, this field-defining textbook explores a wide range of global, local, and personal ethical issues while presenting the historical basis of key developments in ethical theory.
Editor Hugh LaFollette, highly regarded for his contributions in the field of practical ethics, critically integrates ethical theory with discussion of applied examples of economic injustice, discrimination, incarceration, genetic modification, gun control, torture, euthanasia, hate speech, and more. Throughout the book, student-friendly introductions clarify complex concepts and highlight the theoretical and practical aspects of each issue discussed.
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- Wiley Global Research (STMS)
- 9781394210695
- 9781394210671
- ePub
- 6
- Hugh LaFollette
- English
- 2025-03-20
- 100
- 10
- 2
Kaflar
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Series Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Preface for Instructors
- Acknowledgments
- Source Acknowledgments
- General Introduction
- Source
- Theorizing about Ethics
- The Need for Theory
- Is It Just a Matter of Opinion?
- The Role of Theory
- Main Types of Theory
- Conclusion
- Sources
- Reading Philosophy
- Philosophical Language
- The Centrality of Argument
- Looking at Others' Views
- The Rational Consequences of What We Say
- A Final Word
- Sources
- Writing a Philosophy Paper
- Most Common Types
- Writing
- Revise, Revise, Revise
- Learning from Others
- Sources
- Basics of Argumentation
- Source
- Part I: Theory
- Ethical Theory
- 1 Consequentialism
- The Good Is Agent‐Neutral and Independent of the Right
- Probable Consequences, Not Actual Consequences, Are What Count
- Utilitarianism
- Consequentialism in Practice
- Objections to Consequentialism
- Conclusion
- References
- 2 Deontology
- Introduction
- Common‐Sense Morality
- Distinguishing Deontology from Act‐consequentialism
- Varieties of Deontology
- Defending Deontology
- References
- Further Reading
- 3 Rights
- Features of Rights
- Kinds of Rights
- What are Rights?
- Rights in Practice
- What Can Have Rights?
- Rights, Consequentialism, Virtue Ethics, and Deontology
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Notes
- 4 Virtue Theory
- Introduction
- Virtue (Arete) as Excellence
- Phronesis (Wisdom)
- Contemporary Virtue Ethics
- Eudaimonia
- 5 Intellectual Vices
- 1 Vice Attributions and Explanations
- 2 What Is an Intellectual Vice?
- 3 Vice Evaluations
- 4 Vice Explanations
- References
- Notes
- 6 Pragmatic Ethics
- The Primacy of Habits
- Morality Is a Habit
- Ends and Means
- The Nature of Pragmatic Ethics
- References
- Note
- Part II: Death, Life, and Moral Status
- Euthanasia
- 7 Justifying Physician‐Assisted Deaths
- The Troubled Distinction between Killing and Letting‐Die
- When Does a Role in Bringing about Death Constitute Killing?
- Valid Refusal as the Basis of Letting‐Die
- Valid Refusals and Valid Requests
- The Wrongness in Causing or Assisting in Death
- The Key Argument in Defense of Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide
- Justifying Policies and Justifying Acts
- Notes
- 7a My Death is Close at Hand. But I Do Not Think of Myself as Dying Washington Post Opinion (April 27, 2023)
- 8 Against the Right to Die
- I
- II
- IV
- V
- VI
- VII
- VIII
- IX
- X
- XI
- XII
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Notes
- 9 Physician‐Assisted Deaths: Policy Choices
- The Status of the Debate
- Terminological Preliminaries
- Why Assist Any Patients to Die?
- Are There Morally Relevant Distinctions between Withholding Treatment and EAS?
- The Case for Legal Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide
- Conclusion
- Notes
- 10 Dying at the Right Time: Reflections on (Un)assisted Suicide
- The Key Questions
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Notes
- 9 ‘For Now Have I My Death’1: The ‘Duty to Die’ Versus the Duty to Help the Ill Stay Alive
- I
- II
- III
- Notes
- Abortion
- 12 A Defense of Abortion
- Notes
- 13 On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion
- I
- II
- Conclusion
- Notes
- 14 An Argument that Abortion is Wrong
- Why the Debate over Abortion Seems Intractable
- The “Future Like Ours” Account of the Wrongness of Killing
- Arguments in Favor of the FLO Theory
- Replies to Objections
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 15 Virtue Theory and Abortion
- Virtue Theory
- Abortion
- Conclusion
- Notes
- 16 Abortion, Post Dobbs: The Need for Public Reason
- What Is Public Reason?
- Liberalism and Public Reason
- Public Reason and the Role of Being a Citizen
- Public Reason and the Dobbs Opinion
- Abortion, Public Reason, and Unfettered State Legislative Action
- Abortion, Public Reason, and Ordered Liberty
- Preliminary Conclusions
- Further Thoughts for the Future
- Notes
- Animals
- 17 All Animals are Equal
- Notes
- 18 Moral Standing, the Value of Lives, and Speciesism
- I
- II
- III
- IV
- V
- VI
- VII
- VIII
- Notes
- 19 The Case for Animal Rights
- Note
- 20 The Vegetarian Imperative
- Why Eating Meat Is an Ethical Issue
- How to Look at Animals
- Why We Should Be Vegetarians
- Objections
- Vegetarianism or Veganism?
- Taking Responsibility
- What About Responsible Meat‐eating?
- Vegetarianism and Different Ethical Approaches
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- Further Reading
- Notes
- Biomedical Technologies
- 21 Is Women’s Labor a Commodity?
- What Is a Commodity?
- The Case of Commercial Surrogacy
- Children as Commodities
- Women’s Labor as a Commodity
- Commercial Surrogacy, Freedom, and the Law
- Notes
- 22 Neural Implants and the TRICK to Autonomy
- The Link between Nudging and Neural Implants
- Transparency
- Rationality
- Irresistibility
- The Three Principles Reconsidered
- Consent Kinetics
- Conclusion
- References
- Notes
- 23 Should We Edit the Human Genome?
- The CRISPR Revolution
- Categorical Worries about HGE
- CRISPR and the Mainstreaming of HGE Ethics
- Use Cases of HGE and Contextual Features
- Conclusion
- References
- Note
- 24 Cognitive Enhancement
- Preliminary Issues
- In‐Principle Objections
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Environment
- 25 The Value of Nature
- The Value of Naturalness
- Inherent Worth in Nature
- Conclusion
- References
- 26 A Place for Cost–Benefit Analysis*
- I What is CBA, and What is it For?
- II Is CBA Anthropocentric?
- III Does CBA Presuppose Utilitarian Moral Theory?
- IV Does CBA Tell Us to Sacrifice the One for the Sake of the Many?
- V Must CBA Treat All Values as Mere Commodities?
- VI Does CBA Work?
- VII Must CBA Measure Valuations in Terms of Willingness to Pay?
- VIII Must Future Generations Be Discounted?
- Conclusions
- References
- 27 Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments
- I
- II
- III
- IV
- V
- Notes
- 28 A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics, and the Problem of Moral Corruption
- I The Global Storm
- I.I The basic storm
- II The Intergenerational Storm
- III The Theoretical Storm
- IV Moral Corruption
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Notes
- 29 Greed: Past, Present, and Future
- A Prototype Approach
- The Environmental Challenges of Modest Greed
- Carpet‐Making at Interface
- Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing’s 3M3P Plan
- Unilever
- Patagonia
- Effective Altruism
- The Crash of FTX
- The Promise of the Future
- Bibliography
- Notes
- Part III: Liberty and Equality
- Paternalism and Risk
- 30 Freedom of Action
- 31 Against the Legalization of Drugs
- Back to the Future
- Have We Lost?
- The Benefits of Illegality
- The Alcohol Problem
- If I Am Wrong…
- Note
- 32 Why We Should Decriminalize Drug Use
- The Meaning of Decriminalization
- The Best Reason to Decriminalize Drug Use
- Criminalization
- Predictions: A Bad Reason to Criminalize
- NOTE
- Notes
- 33 The Liberal Basis of the Right to Bear Arms
- I Some Liberal Constraints
- II Firearms and Autonomy
- III Risk
- IV Firearms and Equality
- V Conclusion
- VI Epilogue: Liberal Neutrality
- Notes
- 34 Gun Control
- Justifying Private Ownership of Guns
- Harm, Danger, and Risk
- What We Need to Know
- Assessing the Evidence
- A Third Way
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Free Speech
- 35 Freedom of Thought and Discussion
- 36 “The Price We Pay?” Pornography and Harm
- What Is Pornography?
- Pornography and Harm
- A Moral Right to Pornography?
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Notes
- 37 The Right to Get Turned On: Pornography, Autonomy, Equality
- I Introduction
- II What Is Pornography?
- III Sexual Autonomy
- IV Sexual Violence
- V Sexual Inequality
- VI Making Pornography
- VII Sexual Identity
- VIII Conclusion
- References
- Notes
- 38 Sticks and Stones
- I Why Protect Freedom of Speech?
- II Free Speech and the Constitution
- III Harm and Offense
- IV Group Harm
- V Cumulative vs. Individual Harm
- VI Cumulative Harm to Self‐esteem
- VII Discrimination and Violence as Indirect Harms
- VIII Offensive Expression and Epithets
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 39 Speech Codes and Expressive Harm
- I Introduction
- II Causal Harm
- III Expressive Harm: Public Actors
- IV Expressive Harm: Private Actors
- V Moral Contempt
- VI Official Condemnation
- VII Speech Codes
- References
- Notes
- Discrimination
- 40 Racism as an Ethical Issue
- The Roots of Racism in the Concept of Race
- In What Does Ethical Wrong of Racism Consist?
- The “End of Racism” or Unrecognized Institutional Racism?
- Does Intent Matter?
- Can We Move “Beyond Race” and If So How?
- References
- 41 Servility and Self‐Respect
- I
- II
- III
- IV
- Notes
- 42 Implicit Bias
- Introduction
- Awareness of Implicit Bias and Discrimination: Empirical Evidence
- Responsibility in Degrees
- Awareness, Responsibility, and Implicit Bias
- Conclusion
- References
- Note
- 43 Affirmative Action as Equalizing Opportunity: Challenging the Myth of “Preferential Treatment”
- Introduction
- Clarifying the Scope of Affirmative Action Policies
- Re‐envisioning the Rationale for Affirmative Action: From “Preferential Treatment” to “Equal Opportunity”
- The Limitations of the Compensation Rationale for Affirmative Action
- The Limitations of the Social Utility Rationales for Affirmative Action
- Challenging the “Stigma” of Affirmative Action
- Conclusion
- References
- 44 Sexual Harassment: Formal Complaints Are Not Enough1
- 1 Problems with Excessive Focus on Formal Measures
- 2 How to Respond: Asking New Questions
- 3 Cases
- 4 Objections
- References
- Notes
- 45 Men in Groups: Collective Responsibility for Rape
- I The Rapist as Loner or Demon
- II The Rapist as Victim of Biology
- III The Rapist as Victim of Society
- IV The Rapist as Group Member
- V Conclusions
- References
- 46 Ideals of Respect: Identity, Dignity and Disability
- Aims and Methods
- Example: Kristen’s Night Out
- Kinds of Respect
- Objects of Respect: Dignity, Excellence and Status
- Objects of Respect: Identity
- Respecting the Identity of Persons
- Identity Respect as a Moral Ideal
- References
- Notes
- Conscience, State, and Religion Introduction
- 47 Resolving Conflicts Between Religious Liberty and Other Values
- Introduction: The Affordable Care Act Contraceptive Mandate
- The Contraceptive Mandate and the Free Exercise of Religion
- Non‐Religious Moral Objections to the Contraceptive Mandate
- Conclusion
- Notes
- 48 Religious Conviction, Parental Authority, and Children’s Interests
- Legal History in the United States
- Cases
- Harms Associated with State Intervention
- Harms Associated with State Inaction
- Warranting Intervention
- Mitigating Harms
- Conclusion
- References
- Notes
- 49 Gay Rights and Religious Accommodations
- I Economic Harm
- II Dignitary Harm
- III Stigmatizing Prejudice
- Notes
- 50 Conscientious Objection in Health Care
- Introduction
- What Is Conscientious Objection?
- Assessing Approaches to Conscientious Objection in Health Care
- Conscientious Objection vs. Obstruction
- Conclusion
- Notes
- 51 My Conscience May Be My Guide, But You May Not Need to Honor It
- Clarifying and Focusing the Options
- Two Questions
- When Should Someone Act on His or Her Conscience?
- What Should Others’ Reactions to these Claimants Be?
- Policy Choices
- Accommodation without Rights
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Part IV: Justice
- Punishment
- 52 Prolegomenon to the Principles of Punishment
- Introduction
- Justifying Aims and Principles of Distribution
- Justification, Excuse, and Mitigation
- The Rationale of Excuses
- Reform and the Individualization of Punishment
- Notes
- 53 Does Punishment Work?
- Introduction
- The Great Punishment Experiment
- Justifications for Punishment
- Deterrence
- Incapacitation
- Just Deserts and Retribution
- Rehabilitation
- What Does It Take for Punishment to be Effective?
- Life‐Course Development of Offending: Why Punishment Most Often Fails
- Putting It All Together: Empirical Evidence for the Justifications of Punishment
- References
- 54 Sentencing Pluralism
- Running Against the Grain
- Flaws of Major Alternatives
- The Significance of Desert
- Desert Pluralism
- References
- Notes
- 55 Just Deserts in Unjust Societies: A Case‐Specific Approach
- Socioeconomic Deprivation, Crime, and Injustice
- Socioeconomic Injustice and Blameworthiness
- A Case‐Specific Approach to Assessing Blameworthiness
- Conclusion
- Notes
- 56 To Protect and Serve: What is Wrong with the Policing of Minorities in the US?
- I Introduction
- II Background
- III Steps Forward
- IV Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Notes
- Economic Justice
- 57 A Theory of Justice
- The Main Idea of the Theory of Justice
- The Original Position and Justification
- Two Principles of Justice
- The Reasoning Leading to the Two Principles of Justice
- Notes
- 58 The Entitlement Theory of Justice
- Historical Principles and End‐Result Principles
- Patterning
- How Liberty Upsets Patterns
- Redistribution and Property Rights
- Notes
- 59 The Ethical Implications of Benefiting from Injustice
- Introduction
- Persuasion
- Identification
- Specification
- References
- Notes
- 60 A Bleeding Heart Libertarian View of Inequality1
- I Bleeding Heart Libertarianism
- II Markets Bring Inequality But…
- III The Inequality in Our Market System and the Real Problems
- IV Global and Domestic Inequality
- V Government Intervention Is the Cause, Not the Answer
- Notes
- Global Justice
- 61 Refugees and the Right to Control Immigration1
- The Right to Exclude
- Refugees
- Notes
- 62 The Case for Open Immigration
- The Problem of Immigration in the Modern World
- In Defense of Free Immigration
- Economic Arguments Against Open Borders
- Nationality and Immigration
- Immigration and Security
- Concluding Reflections
- References
- Note
- 63 Famine, Affluence, and Morality
- Postscript
- Notes
- 64 Famine Relief and the Ideal Moral Code
- Introduction
- A Duty to Prevent Evil?
- Entitlements
- The Concept of a Social Moral Code
- The Ideal Social Moral Code
- Are Rights Part of the Ideal Code?
- Is Just Desert Part of the Ideal Moral Code?
- Conclusion
- Notes
- 65 Eradicating Systemic Poverty: Brief for a Global Resources Dividend
- I Introduction: Radical Inequality and Our Responsibility
- II Three Grounds of Injustice
- III A Moderate Proposal
- IV The Moral Argument for the Proposed Reform
- V Is the Reform Proposal Realistic?
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Notes
- War and Torture
- 66 War and Moral Consistency
- The Moral Challenge of War
- The Puzzle of National Defence
- The Morality of Participation in War
- Non‐Combatant Immunity in War
- Conclusion
- Notes
- 67 Pacifism: Reclaiming the Moral Presumption
- Pacifism: Refusing to Participate in War
- A Pacifist City of Refuge
- The Pacifist Way of Life: More Than Rejecting War and Intentional Killing
- Just War and Right Killing: The Open Question
- The Pacifist Moral Vision: Two Constitutive Elements
- Two Types of Pacifism
- Human Life: The Ultimate Basis of Moral Value
- A Response to the Chief Criticism of Pacifism
- Conclusion
- Notes
- 68 The Justifiability of Humanitarian Intervention
- Humanitarian Intervention in the Perspective of the Charter
- Intervention and the Just War
- Further Questions
- Notes
- 69 Assassination
- The Problem of Definition
- Justifying Assassination
- Assassination as Politics
- Notes
- 70 Terrorism and Torture
- Origins of the Ticking Time Bomb
- Torture and Utility
- Torture and Rights
- Absolutism in Principle and Absolutism in Practice
- Bibliography
- Notes
- 71 Unthinking the Ticking Time Bomb
- I
- II
- III
- IV
- V
- VII
- Notes
- An Afterword
- 72 Moral Dilemmas and Moral Injury
- Practical Advice
- Making a Decision
- Further Examples
- Theory
- Moral Injury
- Immunity to Moral Injury
- Moral Dilemmas
- Conclusions
- Notes
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