Essentials of Geology
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Marshak makes geology personal, practical, and relevant. In the exciting new Eighth Edition of Essentials of Geology, Stephen Marshak connects course content to issues that affect students, including energy resources, climate change, fracking, and natural disasters. Throughout the text and resources, students see the importance of geology in their daily lives and broader communities, while the interactive ebook has students doing geology through videos, GIFs, and virtual fieldwork.
Exciting updates to the text and digital package include: New Why It Matters and Doing Geoscience features show the relevance of geology and showcase real people working in the geosciences. Students will see firsthand how geological knowledge empowers them to address critical issues such as climate change, resource management, natural hazards, and sustainability. A greater emphasis on Earth Systems, Climate Change, Human Impacts, and Natural Disasters.
The Eighth Edition expands on these critical topics, integrating them earlier in the text and revisiting them throughout to emphasize their ongoing importance. The new Norton Illumine Ebook features a variety of explainer videos, 3D models, and new "Earth Systems in Action" GIFs. New Geology at a Glance features in the ebook are now presented as tabbed figures, making it easier for students to interact with these important visuals.
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- W. W. Norton
- 9781324115960
- 9781324115946
- ePub
- 8
- Stephen Marshak
- English
- 2026-07-01
- 100
- 2
- 2
Kaflar
- Cover
- Publisher’s Notice
- Half-Title Page
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Brief Contents
- Contents
- Preface
- Prologue: And Just What Is Geology?
- P.1 Welcome to Modern Geology, and Geoscience
- P.2 Themes of This Book
- P.3 Applying the Scientific Method to Geoscience
- Prologue: Flash Review
- Chapter 1: Introducing the Earth and Its Context
- 1.1 Celestial Bodies
- 1.2 Forming the Universe and Our Solar System
- 1.3 Birth of the Solar System
- 1.4 Realms of the Earth System
- 1.5 The Materials and Energy Sources of the Earth System
- 1.6 The Nature of the Earth’s Interior
- Chapter 1: Flash Review
- Chapter 2: The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics
- 2.1 Early Evidence for Continental Drift
- 2.2 Discovering Seafloor Spreading and Subduction
- 2.3 Introducing Plate Tectonics
- 2.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries
- 2.5 Convergent and Transform Plate Boundaries
- 2.6 Other Manifestations of Plate Tectonics
- 2.7 The Movement of Plates
- 2.8 Proving Plate Tectonics
- Chapter 2: Flash Review
- Chapter 3: What Is the Earth Made Of?: Introducing Minerals and the Nature of Rock
- 3.1 What Is a Mineral and How Do Minerals Form?
- 3.2 The Crystal Structure of Minerals: A Geometric Playground
- 3.3 Mineral Properties: How Can You Tell One Mineral from Another?
- 3.4 Classifying Minerals
- 3.5 Something Precious: Gems and Jewels!
- 3.6 Introducing Rocks
- Chapter 3: Flash Review
- Chapter 4: Up from the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks
- 4.1 Why Does Magma Form, and What Is It Made Of?
- 4.2 Migration and Solidification of Molten Rock
- 4.3 Environments of Igneous-Rock Formation
- 4.4 How Do You Describe and Classify Igneous Rocks?
- 4.5 Igneous Rocks in the Context of Plate Tectonics Theory
- Chapter 4: Flash Review
- Chapter 5: The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions
- 5.1 Building a Volcano: Volcanic Materials and Edifices
- 5.2 Eruption Styles: Will It Flow or Will It Blow?
- 5.3 Geologic Settings of Volcanism, in the Context of Plate Tectonics
- 5.4 Beware! The Potential Hazards of Volcanoes
- 5.5 Protecting Ourselves from Vulcan’s Wrath
- 5.6 Volcanoes Elsewhere in the Solar System
- Chapter 5: Flash Review
- Interlude A: Weathering, Sediment, and Soil: Key Components of the Critical Zone
- A.1 Weathering: The Breakdown of Rock
- A.2 Soil and the Critical Zone
- Interlude A: Flash Review
- Chapter 6: Pages of the Earth’s Past: Sedimentary Rocks
- 6.1 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
- 6.2 Biochemical, Organic, and Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
- 6.3 Sedimentary Structures
- 6.4 Recognizing Depositional Settings
- 6.5 Sedimentary Basins and Diagenesis
- Chapter 6: Flash Review
- Chapter 7: A Process of Change: Metamorphism and the Rock Cycle
- 7.1 Introducing Metamorphic Rocks and Metamorphism
- 7.2 Causes of Metamorphism
- 7.3 Types of Metamorphic Rocks
- 7.4 Characterizing the Degree of Metamorphic Change
- 7.5 Where Does Metamorphism Occur?
- 7.6 The Rock Cycle in the Earth System
- Chapter 7: Flash Review
- Chapter 8: Crags, Cracks, and Crumples: Geologic Structures and Mountain Building
- 8.1 Rock Deformation in the Earth’s Crust
- 8.2 Brittle Structures
- 8.3 Folds and Foliation
- 8.4 Causes of Mountain Building
- 8.5 Developing Mountain Uplift and Topography
- 8.6 Basins and Domes in Cratons
- Chapter 8: Flash Review
- Chapter 9: A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes
- 9.1 What Causes Earthquakes?
- 9.2 Seismic Waves and Their Measurement
- 9.3 Defining the “Size” of an Earthquake
- 9.4 Where and Why Do Earthquakes Occur?
- 9.5 How Do Earthquakes Cause Damage?
- 9.6 Earthquake Prediction and Mitigation
- Chapter 9: Flash Review
- Interlude B: Exploring the Earth’s Interior
- B.1 The Basis for Seismic Study of the Earth’s Interior
- B.2 Seismic Study of the Earth's Interior
- B.3 Insights from Studying Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies
- Interlude B: Flash Review
- Interlude C: Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution
- C.1 The Discovery of Fossils
- C.2 Fossilization
- C.3 Characterizing Life of the Past
- C.4 Evolution, Extinction, and the Tree of Life
- Interlude C: Flash Review
- Chapter 10: Deep Time: How Old Is Old?
- 10.1 The Concept of Geologic Time
- 10.2 Geologic Principles and the Determination of Relative Ages
- 10.3 Correlation of Stratigraphic Formations
- 10.4 The Geologic Column
- 10.5 How Do We Determine Numerical Ages?
- 10.6 Assigning Numerical Ages to the Geologic Time Scale
- Chapter 10: Flash Review
- Chapter 11: A Biography of the Earth
- 11.1 The Hadean and Archean Eons
- 11.2 The Proterozoic Eon: The Earth in Transition
- 11.3 The Paleozoic Era: Continents Reassemble and Life Gets Complex
- 11.4 The Mesozoic Era: When Dinosaurs Ruled
- 11.5 The Cenozoic Era
- Chapter 11: Flash Review
- Chapter 12: Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources
- 12.1 Where Do Energy Resources in the Earth System Come From?
- 12.2 Oil and Natural Gas: The Most Widely Used Fossil Fuels
- 12.3 Coal: Energy from the Swamps of the Past
- 12.4 Nuclear Power
- 12.5 Alternative Energy Sources: Options for the Future
- 12.6 Metallic Mineral Resources
- 12.7 Nonmetallic Mineral Resources
- 12.8 Sustainability of Mineral Resources
- Chapter 12: Flash Review
- Chapter 13: Weather, Climate, and Climate Change in the Earth System
- 13.1 Weather and Its Relation to Climate
- 13.2 Climate Change over Earth History
- 13.3 Observational Evidence of Contemporary Climate Change
- 13.4 Causes of Contemporary Climate Change
- 13.5 Future Impacts of Climate Change, and Climate Mitigation
- Chapter 13: Flash Review
- Interlude D: Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle
- D.1 Describing and Producing Landscapes
- D.2 Factors Controlling Landscape Development
- D.3 The Hydrologic Cycle
- D.4 A Glimpse at Landscapes on Other Planets
- Interlude D: Flash Review
- Chapter 14: Unstable Ground: Mass Wasting
- 14.1 Creep and Flow
- 14.2 Slumps, Slides, and Falls
- 14.3 Submarine Mass Wasting and Related Tsunamis
- 14.4 Why Does Mass Wasting Occur?
- 14.5 Protecting Ourselves from Mass Wasting
- Chapter 14: Flash Review
- Chapter 15: Streams and Floods: The Work of Running Water
- 15.1 Introducing Streams and Drainage Networks
- 15.2 The Work of Running Water
- 15.3 Streams in the Landscape
- 15.4 The Evolution of Fluvial Landscapes
- 15.5 Raging Waters: Inland Flooding
- 15.6 Human Impact on Rivers
- Chapter 15: Flash Review
- Chapter 16: Groundwater, the Water Crisis, and Karsts
- 16.1 What Is Groundwater and Where Does It Reside?
- 16.2 Groundwater Flow
- 16.3 Tapping Groundwater Supplies
- 16.4 Hot Springs and Geysers
- 16.5 Groundwater Challenges
- 16.6 Caves and Karst
- Chapter 16: Flash Review
- Chapter 17: Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts
- 17.1 Landscapes beneath the Sea
- 17.2 Ocean-Water Characteristics
- 17.3 Tides and Waves
- 17.4 Currents: Rivers in the Sea
- 17.5 Where Land Meets Sea: Coastal Landforms
- 17.6 Causes of Coastal Variation
- 17.7 Coastal Challenges
- Chapter 17: Flash Review
- Chapter 18: Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages
- 18.1 Ice and the Nature of Glaciers
- 18.2 Other Components of the Cryosphere
- 18.3 Erosion, Transport, and Deposition by Glaciers and Ice Sheets
- 18.4 The Pleistocene Ice Age and Its Consequences
- 18.5 The Causes of Ice Ages during the Earth’s History
- Chapter 18: Flash Review
- Chapter 19: Dry Regions: The Geology of Deserts
- 19.1 The Nature and Locations of Deserts
- 19.2 Weathering and Erosion in Deserts
- 19.3 Desert Landscapes
- 19.4 Desert Problems
- Chapter 19: Flash Review
- Epilogue: The Future of the Earth and the Universe
- E.1 Global Change in Near-Term and Midterm Time Scales
- E.2 The Future of the Solar System . . . and the Universe
- E.3 Conclusion
- Epilogue: Flash Review
- Additional Charts
- The Periodic Table of Elements
- Glossary
- Credits
- Index